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1<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><title>Science for non-scientists — Language Production and Executive Control Lab at Indiana University</title><meta name="description" content="Plain-language explanations of the Language Production and Executive Control Lab’s research: speech errors, typing errors, child language production, and language recovery after stroke."/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/entry.client-BioJC6Yf.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/jsx-runtime-dLWEFuR-.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/root-DI4l5Qz5.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib-zLst-dlm.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/projects-BmGJrrJw.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/site-nav-BcookhHM.js"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/site-footer-DFuQiO8H.js"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/index-CzHVcQyS.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&amp;family=Raleway:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;1,300&amp;display=swap"/></head><body><div id="root"><main class="min-h-[100dvh] w-full bg-[#eeeeea] font-sans"><div class="mx-auto max-w-4xl px-6 py-12 md:py-16"><nav aria-label="Site menu" class="mb-10 border-b border-[#6d6d3a]/20 pb-4"><ul class="flex flex-wrap gap-x-5 gap-y-2"><li><a href="#" class="font-sans text-[14px] font-light transition-colors md:text-[15px] text-[#555252] hover:text-[#6d6d3a]">Home</a></li><li><a class="font-sans text-[14px] font-light transition-colors md:text-[15px] text-[#555252] hover:text-[#6d6d3a]" href="/publications" data-discover="true">Publications</a></li><li><a class="font-sans text-[14px] font-light transition-colors md:text-[15px] text-[#555252] hover:text-[#6d6d3a]" href="/lab-members" data-discover="true">Lab members</a></li><li><a class="font-sans text-[14px] font-light transition-colors md:text-[15px] text-[#6d6d3a] underline decoration-[#6d6d3a]/50 underline-offset-4" href="/projects" data-discover="true">Science for non-scientists</a></li><li><a class="font-sans text-[14px] font-light transition-colors md:text-[15px] text-[#555252] hover:text-[#6d6d3a]" href="/opportunities" data-discover="true">Opportunities to join the lab</a></li><li><a class="font-sans text-[14px] font-light transition-colors md:text-[15px] text-[#555252] hover:text-[#6d6d3a]" href="/resources" data-discover="true">Resources</a></li></ul></nav><h1 class="mb-6 font-sans text-[34px] font-light text-[#6d6d3a] md:text-[42px]">Science for non-scientists</h1><p class="mb-12 max-w-2xl font-sans text-[16px] font-light leading-relaxed text-[#555252] md:text-[17px]">Good science doesn&#x27;t have to be incomprehensible for non-scientists. Many of the problems we work on have real-life implications. Here are a few examples:</p><div class="space-y-14"><article id="when-we-speak" class="scroll-mt-8 md:flex md:gap-8"><div class="mb-5 shrink-0 md:mb-0"><img src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/d1c33c1a23dd44d7a523132e835133cb.jpg/v1/fill/w_300,h_188,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Talking%20on%20phones.jpg" alt="Talking on phones" loading="lazy" class="h-auto w-full rounded-sm object-cover md:w-[300px]"/></div><div class="md:pt-1"><h2 class="mb-3 font-sans text-[22px] font-normal text-[#3d3a3a] md:text-[26px]">When we speak...</h2><p class="mb-4 font-sans text-[15px] font-light leading-relaxed text-[#555252] md:text-[16px]">... we sometimes make errors. These mistakes can be embarrassing and haunt us for years. Where do speech errors really come from? Do they express our hidden desires and repressed wishes as Freud claimed? Do they tell us something about how our brains work? It turns out that speech errors can tell us more about how people’s brains work than about what they secretly wish for. But don’t be disappointed. What they tell us about our brains is even more fascinating! In fact, some of the most comprehensive models of language production are based on data from speech errors.</p></div></article><article id="when-we-type" class="scroll-mt-8 md:flex md:gap-8"><div class="mb-5 shrink-0 md:mb-0"><img src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/nsplsh_ff31279b9c424127a3333eb4394cd736~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_300,h_188,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Image%20by%20Fabian%20Irsara.jpg" alt="Image by Fabian Irsara" loading="lazy" class="h-auto w-full rounded-sm object-cover md:w-[300px]"/></div><div class="md:pt-1"><h2 class="mb-3 font-sans text-[22px] font-normal text-[#3d3a3a] md:text-[26px]">When we type...</h2><p class="mb-4 font-sans text-[15px] font-light leading-relaxed text-[#555252] md:text-[16

1px]">... we also make errors. Often, we can correct these errors quickly, sometimes without even looking at our hands. We are also aware that we made an error. So which come comes first? Do we first become aware that we made an error and then correct it? Or do we correct an error and then become aware of it? The first possibility sounds more likely, but in fact, our studies show that people sometimes correct their errors without being aware of them. So, counterintuitively, your brain/body may correct a typing error before you even know it’s there.</p></div></article><article id="when-a-child-speaks" class="scroll-mt-8 md:flex md:gap-8"><div class="mb-5 shrink-0 md:mb-0"><img src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/3c23ceded2104b8eb02c95489066ef7b.jpg/v1/fill/w_300,h_208,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Boy%20with%20Pug%20Puppy.jpg" alt="Boy with Pug Puppy" loading="lazy" class="h-auto w-full rounded-sm object-cover md:w-[300px]"/></div><div class="md:pt-1"><h2 class="mb-3 font-sans text-[22px] font-normal text-[#3d3a3a] md:text-[26px]">When a child speaks...</h2><p class="mb-4 font-sans text-[15px] font-light leading-relaxed text-[#555252] md:text-[16px]">... is he or she using the same or different mechanisms as adults? Children are not as proficient as adults in speaking. They make many more mistakes than adults. This may mean that their brains process language completely differently than adults. Or it may mean that they are simply using a less developed version of the adult language production system. Our lab creates fun games for children which elicit accidental slips of the tongue. By comparing these slips to those made by adult speakers, we can learn how similar or different the child and adult language production systems are.</p></div></article><article id="when-someone-has-a-stroke" class="scroll-mt-8 md:flex md:gap-8"><div class="mb-5 shrink-0 md:mb-0"><img src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/ef25c3_d1abc4511fcb4833a19038b9d9069489~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_300,h_188,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Stroke.jpg" alt="Stroke" loading="lazy" class="h-auto w-full rounded-sm object-cover md:w-[300px]"/></div><div class="md:pt-1"><h2 class="mb-3 font-sans text-[22px] font-normal text-[#3d3a3a] md:text-[26px]">When someone has a stroke...</h2><p class="mb-4 font-sans text-[15px] font-light leading-relaxed text-[#555252] md:text-[16px]">... they sometimes have trouble speaking for years afterwards. What exactly is wrong? More importantly, how can it be fixed? Over the years, we and our colleagues have studied language production in stroke survivors extensively. Although each stroke survivor is unique, there are similarities among certain individuals which helps identify different kinds of problems. Some researchers and clinicians prefer clinical categories, such as Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia. We prefer to define the problem by investigating its origin.</p></div></article></div></div><footer id="contact" class="flex min-h-[520px] w-full flex-col items-center justify-center gap-10 bg-[#a6aa9c] px-6 py-20"><a href="#" class="inline-block bg-[#333333] px-9 py-3 font-sans text-[15px] font-light text-white transition-colors hover:bg-[#1f1f1f]"></a><div class="flex items-center gap-8 md:gap-14"><img src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/ef25c3_bad67c73d35f4b188567b6b06d8f1463~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_110,h_110,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/NSF_logo.png" alt="NSF logo" width="110" height="110" loading="lazy" class="h-[80px] w-[80px] object-cover md:h-[110px] md:w-[110px]"/><img src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/ef25c3_25732cf86a344b76ba78785ba1677840~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_127,h_71,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Spencer.jpg" alt="Spencer Foundation logo" width="127" height="71" loading="lazy" class="h-[45px] w-[80px] object-cover md:h-[71px] md:w-[127px]"/></div><p class="text-center font-sans text-[16px] font-light text-[#555252]">Our research is sponsored by the<!-- --> <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="underline hover:text-[#3d3a3a]">National Science Foundation</a> <!-- -->and<!-- --> <a href="https://www.spencer.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="underline hover:text-[#3d3a3a]">Spencer Foundation</a>.</p></footer></main></div>

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