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731        <li class="dropdown-header">Cursed Knowledge</li>
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971  <li><a href="#chaining-it-all-together" id="toc-chaining-it-all-together" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#chaining-it-all-together">Chaining it all together</a></li>
972  <li><a href="#learn-more" id="toc-learn-more" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#learn-more">Learn more</a></li>
973  </ul>
974<div class="toc-actions"><ul><li><a href="https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis/edit/main/docs/tutorials/basics.qmd" class="toc-action"><i class="bi bi-github"></i>Edit this page</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis/issues/new/choose" class="toc-action"><i class="bi empty"></i>Report an issue</a></li></ul></div></nav>
975    </div>
976<!-- main -->
977<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">
978
979
980<header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
981<div class="quarto-title">
982<h1 class="title">10 minutes to Ibis</h1>
983</div>
984
985
986
987<div class="quarto-title-meta">
988
989    
990  
991    
992  </div>
993  
994
995
996</header>
997
998
999<p>This is a quick tour of some basic commands and usage patterns, just to get your flippers wet.</p>
1000<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-tip callout-titled">
1001<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
1002<div class="callout-icon-container">
1003<i class="callout-icon"></i>
1004</div>
1005<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
1006Tip
1007</div>
1008</div>
1009<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
1010<p>You can run this tutorial in a GitHub Codespace with everything setup for you:</p>
1011<p><a href="https://codespaces.new/ibis-project/ibis"><img src="https://github.com/codespaces/badge.svg" class="img-fluid"></a></p>
1012</div>
1013</div>
1014<section id="install-ibis" class="level2">
1015<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="install-ibis">Install Ibis</h2>
1016<p>We recommend starting with the default (DuckDB) backend for a performant, fully-featured local experience. You can install Ibis with <code>pip</code>, <code>conda</code>, <code>mamba</code>, or <code>pixi</code>.</p>
1017<div class="tabset-margin-container"></div><div class="panel-tabset">
1018<ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist"><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"><a class="nav-link active" id="tabset-1-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-1" role="tab" aria-controls="tabset-1-1" aria-selected="true" href="">Using <code>pip</code></a></li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"><a class="nav-link" id="tabset-1-2-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-2" role="tab" aria-controls="tabset-1-2" aria-selected="false" href="">Using <code>conda</code></a></li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"><a class="nav-link" id="tabset-1-3-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-3" role="tab" aria-controls="tabset-1-3" aria-selected="false" href="">Using <code>mamba</code></a></li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"><a class="nav-link" id="tabset-1-4-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabset-1-4" role="tab" aria-controls="tabset-1-4" aria-selected="false" href="">Using <code>pixi</code></a></li></ul>
1019<div class="tab-content">
1020<div id="tabset-1-1" class="tab-pane active" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-1-tab">
1021<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode bash code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">pip</span> install <span class="st">'ibis-framework[duckdb,examples]'</span></span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1022<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-warning callout-titled">
1023<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
1024<div class="callout-icon-container">
1025<i class="callout-icon"></i>
1026</div>
1027<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
1028Warning
1029</div>
1030</div>
1031<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
1032<p>Note that the <code>ibis-framework</code> package is <em>not</em> the same as the <code>ibis</code> package in PyPI. These two libraries cannot coexist in the same Python environment, as they are both imported with the <code>ibis</code> module name.</p>
1033</div>
1034</div>
1035</div>
1036<div id="tabset-1-2" class="tab-pane" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-2-tab">
1037<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode bash code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">conda</span> install <span class="at">-c</span> conda-forge ibis-duckdb</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1038</div>
1039<div id="tabset-1-3" class="tab-pane" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-3-tab">
1040<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode bash code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">mamba</span> install <span class="at">-c</span> conda-forge ibis-duckdb</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1041</div>
1042<div id="tabset-1-4" class="tab-pane" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabset-1-4-tab">
1043<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode bash code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">pixi</span> add ibis-duckdb</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1044</div>
1045</div>
1046</div>
1047</section>
1048<section id="create-a-database-file" class="level2">
1049<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="create-a-database-file">Create a database file</h2>
1050<p>Ibis can work with several file types, but at its core it connects to existing databases and interacts with the data there. Weâll analyze the <em>Palmer penguins</em> <a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a> dataset with <a href="https://duckdb.org">DuckDB</a> to get the hang of this.</p>
1051<div id="f8cbedb0" class="cell" data-execution_count="1">
1052<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">

1052import</span> ibis</span>
1053<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
1054<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="op">=</span> ibis.<span class="ex">connect</span>(<span class="st">"duckdb://penguins.ddb"</span>)</span>
1055<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con.create_table(</span>
1056<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"penguins"</span>, ibis.examples.penguins.fetch().to_pyarrow(), overwrite<span class="op">=</span><span class="va">True</span></span>
1057<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1058<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="1">
1059<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">DatabaseTable: penguins.main.penguins
1060  species           string
1061  island            string
1062  bill_length_mm    float64
1063  bill_depth_mm     float64
1064  flipper_length_mm int64
1065  body_mass_g       int64
1066  sex               string
1067  year              int64
1068</pre>
1069</div>
1070</div>
1071<p>You can now see the example dataset copied over to the database:</p>
1072<div id="5e0f94f1" class="cell" data-execution_count="2">
1073<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con.list_tables()</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1074<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="2">
1075<pre><code>['penguins']</code></pre>
1076</div>
1077</div>
1078<p>Thereâs one table, called <code>penguins</code>. We can ask Ibis to give us an object that we can interact with.</p>
1079<div id="bd9b93fe" class="cell" data-execution_count="3">
1080<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="op">=</span> con.table(<span class="st">"penguins"</span>)</span>
1081<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1082<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="3">
1083<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">DatabaseTable: penguins
1084  species           string
1085  island            string
1086  bill_length_mm    float64
1087  bill_depth_mm     float64
1088  flipper_length_mm int64
1089  body_mass_g       int64
1090  sex               string
1091  year              int64
1092</pre>
1093</div>
1094</div>
1095<p>Ibis is lazily evaluated, so instead of seeing the data, we see the schema of the table, instead. To peek at the data, we can call <code>head</code> and then <code>to_pandas</code> to get the first few rows of the table as a pandas DataFrame.</p>
1096<div id="7c0b2eb6" class="cell" data-execution_count="4">
1097<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.head().to_pandas()</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1098<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="4">
1099<div>
1100
1101
1102<table class="dataframe caption-top table table-sm table-striped small" data-border="1">
1103<thead>
1104<tr class="header">
1105<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th"></th>
1106<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">species</th>
1107<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">island</th>
1108<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">bill_length_mm</th>
1109<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">bill_depth_mm</th>
1110<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">flipper_length_mm</th>
1111<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">body_mass_g</th>
1112<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">sex</th>
1113<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">year</th>
1114</tr>
1115</thead>
1116<tbody>
1117<tr class="odd">
1118<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">0</th>
1119<td>Adelie</td>
1120<td>Torgersen</td>
1121<td>39.1</td>
1122<td>18.7</td>
1123<td>181.0</td>
1124<td>3750.0</td>
1125<td>male</td>
1126<td>2007</td>
1127</tr>
1128<tr class="even">
1129<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">1</th>
1130<td>Adelie</td>
1131<td>Torgersen</td>
1132<td>39.5</td>
1133<td>17.4</td>
1134<td>186.0</td>
1135<td>3800.0</td>
1136<td>female</td>
1137<td>2007</td>
1138</tr>
1139<tr class="odd">
1140<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">2</th>
1141<td>Adelie</td>
1142<td>Torgersen</td>
1143<td>40.3</td>
1144<td>18.0</td>
1145<td>195.0</td>
1146<td>3250.0</td>
1147<td>female</td>
1148<td>2007</td>
1149</tr>
1150<tr class="even">
1151<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">3</th>
1152<td>Adelie</td>
1153<td>Torgersen</td>
1154<td>NaN</td>
1155<td>NaN</td>
1156<td>NaN</td>
1157<td>NaN</td>
1158<td>None</td>
1159<td>2007</td>
1160</tr>
1161<tr class="odd">
1162<th data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">4</th>
1163<td>Adelie</td>
1164<td>Torgersen</td>
1165<td>36.7</td>
1166<td>

116619.3</td>
1167<td>193.0</td>
1168<td>3450.0</td>
1169<td>female</td>
1170<td>2007</td>
1171</tr>
1172</tbody>
1173</table>
1174
1175</div>
1176</div>
1177</div>
1178<p><code>to_pandas</code> takes the existing lazy table expression and evaluates it. If we leave it off, youâll see the Ibis representation of the table expression that <code>to_pandas</code> will evaluate (when youâre ready!).</p>
1179<div id="95945b51" class="cell" data-execution_count="5">
1180<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.head()</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1181<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="5">
1182<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">r0 := DatabaseTable: penguins
1183  species           string
1184  island            string
1185  bill_length_mm    float64
1186  bill_depth_mm     float64
1187  flipper_length_mm int64
1188  body_mass_g       int64
1189  sex               string
1190  year              int64
1191
1192Limit[r0, n=5]
1193</pre>
1194</div>
1195</div>
1196<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-note callout-titled">
1197<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
1198<div class="callout-icon-container">
1199<i class="callout-icon"></i>
1200</div>
1201<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
1202Note
1203</div>
1204</div>
1205<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
1206<p>Ibis returns results as a pandas DataFrame using <code>to_pandas</code>, but isnât using pandas to perform any of the computation. The query is executed by the backend (DuckDB in this case). Only when <code>to_pandas</code> is called does Ibis then pull back the results and convert them into a DataFrame.</p>
1207</div>
1208</div>
1209</section>
1210<section id="interactive-mode" class="level2">
1211<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="interactive-mode">Interactive mode</h2>
1212<p>For the rest of this intro, weâll turn on interactive mode, which partially executes queries to give users a preview of the results. There is a small difference in the way the output is formatted, but otherwise this is the same as calling <code>to_pandas</code> on the table expression with a limit of 10 result rows returned.</p>
1213<div id="750c81c5" class="cell" data-execution_count="6">
1214<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ibis.options.interactive <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">True</span></span>
1215<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.head()</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1216<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="6">
1217<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââ³âââââââââ³ââââââââ
1218â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_depth_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> body_mass_g </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> sex    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â
1219â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1220â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>        â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â
1221âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼ââââââââ¤
1222â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1222 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.7</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3750</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1223â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.5</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.4</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">186</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3800</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1224â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">40.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.0</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3250</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1225â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â          <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â        <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1226â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">36.7</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.3</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3450</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1227âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââ´âââââââââ´ââââââââ
1228</pre>
1229</div>
1230</div>
1231</section>
1232<section id="common-operations" class="level2">
1233<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="common-operations">Common operations</h2>
1234<p>Ibis has a collection of useful table methods to manipulate and query the data in a table (or tables).</p>
1235<section id="filter" class="level3">
1236<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="filter">filter</h3>
1237<p><code>filter</code> allows you to select rows based on a condition or set of conditions.</p>
1238<p>We can filter so we only have penguins of the species Adelie:</p>
1239<div id="fdd5a44f" class="cell" data-execution_count="7">
1240<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.<span class="bu">filter</span>(penguins.species <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1241<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="7">
1242<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââ³âââââââââ³ââââââââ
1243â<span style="font-weight: bold">

1243 species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_depth_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> body_mass_g </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> sex    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â
1244â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1245â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>        â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â
1246âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼ââââââââ¤
1247â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.7</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3750</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1248â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.5</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.4</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">186</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3800</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1249â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">40.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.0</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3250</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1250â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1250 â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â          <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â        <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1251â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">36.7</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.3</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3450</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1252â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3650</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1253â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.9</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.8</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3625</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1254â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.2</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4675</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1255â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">34.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.1</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3475</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1256â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1256 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">42.0</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.2</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4250</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1257â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â             <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>      â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1258âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââ´âââââââââ´ââââââââ
1259</pre>
1260</div>
1261</div>
1262<p>Or filter for Adelie penguins that reside on the island of Torgersen:</p>
1263<div id="c08f9180" class="cell" data-execution_count="8">
1264<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.<span class="bu">filter</span>((penguins.island <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"Torgersen"</span>) <span class="op">&amp;</span> (penguins.species <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>))</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1265<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="8">
1266<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââ³âââââââââ³ââââââââ
1267â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_depth_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> body_mass_g </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> sex    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â
1268â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1269â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>        â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â
1270âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼ââââââââ¤
1271â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1271 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.7</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3750</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1272â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.5</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.4</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">186</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3800</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1273â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">40.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.0</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3250</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1274â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â          <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â        <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1275â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">36.7</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.3</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3450</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1276â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3650</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1277â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1277 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.9</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.8</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3625</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1278â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.2</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4675</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1279â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">34.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.1</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3475</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1280â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">42.0</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.2</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4250</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1281â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â             <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>      â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1282âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââ´âââââââââ´ââââââââ
1283</pre>
1284</div>
1285</div>
1286<p>You can use any boolean comparison in a filter (although if you try to do something like use <code>&lt;</code> on a string, Ibis will yell at you).</p>
1287</section>
1288<section id="select" class="level3">
1289<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="select">select</h3>
1290<p>Your data analysis might not require all the columns present in a given table. <code>select</code> lets you pick out only those columns that you want to work with.</p>
1291<p>To select a column you can use the name of the column as a string:</p>
1292<div id="25f7635a" class="cell" data-execution_count="9">
1293<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.select(<span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>, <span class="st">

1293"year"</span>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1294<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="9">
1295<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³ââââââââ
1296â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â
1297â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1298â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â
1299âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼ââââââââ¤
1300â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1301â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1302â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1303â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1304â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1305â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1306â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1307â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1308â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1309â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1310â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1311âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´ââââââââ
1312</pre>
1313</div>
1314</div>
1315<p>Or you can use column objects directly (this can be convenient when paired with tab-completion):</p>
1316<div id="90d96ca4" class="cell" data-execution_count="10">
1317<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.select(penguins.species, penguins.island, penguins.year)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1318<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="10">
1319<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³ââââââââ
1320â<span style="font-weight: bold">

1320 species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â
1321â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1322â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â
1323âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼ââââââââ¤
1324â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1325â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1326â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1327â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1328â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1329â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1330â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1331â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1332â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1333â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1334â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1335âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´ââââââââ
1336</pre>
1337</div>
1338</div>
1339<p>Or you can mix-and-match:</p>
1340<div id="7437c428" class="cell" data-execution_count="11">
1341<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.select(<span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>, penguins.year)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1342<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="11">
1343<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³ââââââââ
1344â<span style="font-weight: bold">

1344 species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â
1345â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1346â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â
1347âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼ââââââââ¤
1348â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1349â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1350â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1351â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1352â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1353â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1354â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1355â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1356â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1357â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1358â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1359âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´ââââââââ
1360</pre>
1361</div>
1362</div>
1363</section>
1364<section id="mutate" class="level3">
1365<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="mutate">mutate</h3>
1366<p><code>mutate</code> lets you add new columns to your table. You can derive them from existing columns, or use constant values with <code>literal</code>.</p>
1367<div id="23ff84f0" class="cell" data-execution_count="12">
1368<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.mutate(</span>
1369<span id="cb17-2"><a href="#cb17-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    bill_length_cm<span class="op">=</span>penguins.bill_length_mm <span class="op">/</span> <span class="dv">10</span>,</span>
1370<span id="cb17-3"><a href="#cb17-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    continent<span class="op">=</span>ibis.literal(<span class="st">"Antarctica"</span>)</span>
1371<span id="cb17-4"><a href="#cb17-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1372<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="12">
1373<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââ³âââââââââ³ââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââ
1374â<span style="font-weight: bold">

1374 species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_depth_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> body_mass_g </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> sex    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_length_cm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> continent  </span>â
1375â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1376â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>        â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>        â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>     â
1377âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼ââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââ¤
1378â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.7</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3750</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.91</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1379â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.5</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.4</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">186</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3800</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.95</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1380â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1380 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">40.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.0</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3250</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4.03</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1381â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â          <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â        <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1382â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">36.7</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.3</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3450</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.67</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1383â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3650</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.93</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1384â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.9</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.8</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3625</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span>

1384 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.89</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1385â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.2</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4675</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.92</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1386â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">34.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.1</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3475</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.41</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1387â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">42.0</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.2</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4250</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4.20</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Antarctica</span> â
1388â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â             <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>      â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>          â
1389âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââ´âââââââââ´ââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââ
1390</pre>
1391</div>
1392</div>
1393<p>Notice that the table is a little too wide to display all the columns now (depending on your screen-size). <code>bill_length</code> is now present in millimeters AND centimeters. Use a <code>select</code> to trim down the number of columns weâre looking at.</p>
1394<div id="95d4d82e" class="cell" data-execution_count="13">
1395<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.mutate(bill_length_cm<span class="op">=</span>penguins.bill_length_mm <span class="op">/</span> <span class="dv">10</span>).select(</span>
1396<span id="cb18-2"><a href="#cb18-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"species"</span>,</span>
1397<span id="cb18-3"><a href="#cb18-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"island"</span>,</span>
1398<span id="cb18-4"><a href="#cb18-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"bill_depth_mm"</span>,</span>
1399<span id="cb18-5"><a href="#cb18-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"flipper_length_mm"</span>,</span>
1400<span id="cb18-6"><a href="#cb18-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"body_mass_g"</span>,</span>
1401<span id="cb18-7"><a href="#cb18-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"sex"</span>,</span>
1402<span id="cb18-8"><a href="#cb18-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">

1402"year"</span>,</span>
1403<span id="cb18-9"><a href="#cb18-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"bill_length_cm"</span>,</span>
1404<span id="cb18-10"><a href="#cb18-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1405<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="13">
1406<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââ³âââââââââ³ââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââ
1407â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_depth_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> body_mass_g </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> sex    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_length_cm </span>â
1408â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1409â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>        â
1410âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼ââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââ¤
1411â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.7</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3750</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.91</span> â
1412â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.4</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">186</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3800</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.95</span> â
1413â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1413 â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.0</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3250</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4.03</span> â
1414â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â        <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â
1415â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.3</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3450</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.67</span> â
1416â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3650</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.93</span> â
1417â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.8</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3625</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.89</span> â
1418â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4675</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span>

1418 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.92</span> â
1419â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.1</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3475</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.41</span> â
1420â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.2</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4250</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4.20</span> â
1421â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â             <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>      â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1422âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââ´âââââââââ´ââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââ
1423</pre>
1424</div>
1425</div>
1426</section>
1427<section id="selectors" class="level3">
1428<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="selectors">selectors</h3>
1429<p>Typing out ALL of the column names <em>except</em> one is a little annoying. Instead of doing that again, we can use a <code>selector</code> to quickly select or deselect groups of columns.</p>
1430<div id="74fc8cb5" class="cell" data-execution_count="14">
1431<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> ibis.selectors <span class="im">as</span> s</span>
1432<span id="cb19-2"><a href="#cb19-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
1433<span id="cb19-3"><a href="#cb19-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.mutate(bill_length_cm<span class="op">=</span>penguins.bill_length_mm <span class="op">/</span> <span class="dv">10</span>).select(</span>
1434<span id="cb19-4"><a href="#cb19-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="op">~</span>s.matches(<span class="st">"bill_length_mm"</span>)</span>
1435<span id="cb19-5"><a href="#cb19-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co"># match every column except `bill_length_mm`</span></span>
1436<span id="cb19-6"><a href="#cb19-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1437<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="14">
1438<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââ³âââââââââ³ââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââ
1439â<span style="font-weight: bold">

1439 species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_depth_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> body_mass_g </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> sex    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_length_cm </span>â
1440â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1441â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>        â
1442âââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼ââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââ¤
1443â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.7</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3750</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.91</span> â
1444â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.4</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">186</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3800</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.95</span> â
1445â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.0</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3250</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4.03</span> â
1446â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1446 â          <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â        <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â
1447â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.3</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3450</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.67</span> â
1448â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3650</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.93</span> â
1449â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.8</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3625</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.89</span> â
1450â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4675</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.92</span> â
1451â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.1</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3475</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span>

1451 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3.41</span> â
1452â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.2</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4250</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>   â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4.20</span> â
1453â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â             <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>      â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1454âââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââ´âââââââââ´ââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââ
1455</pre>
1456</div>
1457</div>
1458<p>You can also use a <code>selector</code> alongside a column name.</p>
1459<div id="1eb31ed5" class="cell" data-execution_count="15">
1460<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb20-1"><a href="#cb20-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.select(<span class="st">"island"</span>, s.numeric())</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1461<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="15">
1462<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââ³ââââââââ
1463â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> bill_depth_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> body_mass_g </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â
1464â¡âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1465â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>        â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â
1466âââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââ¼ââââââââ¤
1467â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1467 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.7</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3750</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1468â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.5</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.4</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">186</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3800</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1469â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">40.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.0</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3250</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1470â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â          <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â        <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1471â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">36.7</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.3</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3450</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1472â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.3</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3650</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1473â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.9</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">17.8</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">181</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3625</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1474â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span>

1474 â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">39.2</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">19.6</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">195</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4675</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1475â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">34.1</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">18.1</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3475</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1476â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â           <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">42.0</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">20.2</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">190</span> â        <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4250</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â
1477â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â              <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â             <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â           <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â     <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1478âââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââ´ââââââââ
1479</pre>
1480</div>
1481</div>
1482<p>You can read more about <a href="../posts/selectors"><code>selectors</code></a> in the docs!</p>
1483</section>
1484<section id="order_by" class="level3">
1485<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="order_by">order_by</h3>
1486<p><code>order_by</code> arranges the values of one or more columns in ascending or descending order.</p>
1487<p>By default, <code>ibis</code> sorts in ascending order:</p>
1488<div id="2a371658" class="cell" data-execution_count="16">
1489<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb21"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb21-1"><a href="#cb21-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.order_by(penguins.flipper_length_mm).select(</span>
1490<span id="cb21-2"><a href="#cb21-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>, <span class="st">"flipper_length_mm"</span></span>
1491<span id="cb21-3"><a href="#cb21-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1492<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="16">
1493<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ
1494â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species   </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â
1495â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1496â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â
1497âââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¤
1498â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span>

1498 â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">172</span> â
1499â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">174</span> â
1500â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">176</span> â
1501â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">178</span> â
1502â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">178</span> â
1503â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">178</span> â
1504â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Chinstrap</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">178</span> â
1505â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">179</span> â
1506â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">180</span> â
1507â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">180</span> â
1508â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1509âââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ
1510</pre>
1511</div>
1512</div>
1513<p>You can sort in descending order using the <code>desc</code> method of a column:</p>
1514<div id="bd0b1791" class="cell" data-execution_count="17">
1515<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb22"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb22-1"><a href="#cb22-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.order_by(penguins.flipper_length_mm.desc()).select(</span>
1516<span id="cb22-2"><a href="#cb22-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>, <span class="st">"flipper_length_mm"</span></span>
1517<span id="cb22-3"><a href="#cb22-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1518<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="17">
1519<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³âââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ
1520â<span style="font-weight: bold">

1520 species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â
1521â¡âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1522â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â
1523âââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¤
1524â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">231</span> â
1525â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1526â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1527â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1528â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1529â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1530â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1531â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1532â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">229</span> â
1533â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">229</span> â
1534â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>      â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1535âââââââââââ´âââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ
1536</pre>
1537</div>
1538</div>
1539<p>Or you can use <code>ibis.desc</code></p>
1540<div id="597ccdb0" class="cell" data-execution_count="18">
1541<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb23-1"><a href="#cb23-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.order_by(ibis.desc(<span class="st">"flipper_length_mm"</span>)).select(</span>
1542<span id="cb23-2"><a href="#cb23-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>, <span class="st">"flipper_length_mm"</span></span>
1543<span id="cb23-3"><a href="#cb23-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1544<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="18">
1545<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââ³âââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââââââ
1546â<span style="font-weight: bold">

1546 species </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> flipper_length_mm </span>â
1547â¡âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1548â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>  â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>             â
1549âââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââââââ¤
1550â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">231</span> â
1551â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1552â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1553â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1554â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1555â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1556â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1557â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">230</span> â
1558â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">229</span> â
1559â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">229</span> â
1560â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>       â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>      â                 <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1561âââââââââââ´âââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââââââ
1562</pre>
1563</div>
1564</div>
1565</section>
1566<section id="aggregates" class="level3">
1567<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="aggregates">aggregates</h3>
1568<p>Ibis has several aggregate functions available to help summarize data.</p>
1569<p><code>mean</code>, <code>max</code>, <code>min</code>, <code>count</code>, <code>sum</code> (the list goes on).</p>
1570<p>To aggregate an entire column, call the corresponding method on that column.</p>
1571<div id="fdeefaae" class="cell" data-execution_count="19">
1572<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb24"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb24-1"><a href="#cb24-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.flipper_length_mm.mean()</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1573<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="19">
1574<div class="ansi-escaped-output">
1575<pre>ââââââââââââââ
1576â <span class="ansi-cyan-fg ansi-bold">200.915205</span> â
1577ââââââââââââââ</pre>
1578</div>
1579</div>
1580</div>
1581<p>You can compute multiple aggregates at once using the <code>aggregate</code> method:</p>
1582<div id="0a288371" class="cell" data-execution_count="20">
1583<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb25"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb25-1"><a href="#cb25-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.aggregate([penguins.flipper_length_mm.mean(), penguins.bill_depth_mm.<span class="bu">max</span>()])</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1584<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="20">
1585<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââââââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââââââ
1586â<span style="font-weight: bold"> Mean(flipper_length_mm) </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> Max(bill_depth_mm) </span>â
1587â¡âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1588â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>                 â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>            â
1589âââââââââââââââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââââââ¤

1590â              <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">200.915205</span> â               <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">21.5</span> â
1591âââââââââââââââââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââââââ
1592</pre>
1593</div>
1594</div>
1595<p>But <code>aggregate</code> <em>really</em> shines when itâs paired with <code>group_by</code>.</p>
1596</section>
1597<section id="group_by" class="level3">
1598<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="group_by">group_by</h3>
1599<p><code>group_by</code> creates groupings of rows that have the same value for one or more columns.</p>
1600<p>But it doesnât do much on its own â you can pair it with <code>aggregate</code> to get a result.</p>
1601<div id="f95e357d" class="cell" data-execution_count="21">
1602<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb26"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb26-1"><a href="#cb26-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.group_by(<span class="st">"species"</span>).aggregate()</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1603<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="21">
1604<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ
1605â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species   </span>â
1606â¡ââââââââââââ©
1607â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â
1608âââââââââââââ¤
1609â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Chinstrap</span> â
1610â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo   </span> â
1611â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â
1612âââââââââââââ
1613</pre>
1614</div>
1615</div>
1616<p>We grouped by the <code>species</code> column and handed it an âemptyâ aggregate command. The result of that is a column of the unique values in the <code>species</code> column.</p>
1617<p>If we add a second column to the <code>group_by</code>, weâll get each unique pairing of the values in those columns.</p>
1618<div id="f3f72669" class="cell" data-execution_count="22">
1619<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb27"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb27-1"><a href="#cb27-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.group_by([<span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>]).aggregate()</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1620<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="22">
1621<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ
1622â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species   </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â
1623â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1624â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â
1625âââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¤
1626â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â
1627â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Chinstrap</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â
1628â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â
1629â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â
1630â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â
1631âââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ
1632</pre>
1633</div>
1634</div>
1635<p>Now, if we add an aggregation function to that, we start to really open things up.</p>
1636<div id="2c823348" class="cell" data-execution_count="23">
1637<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb28"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb28-1"><a href="#cb28-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.group_by([<span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>]).aggregate(penguins.bill_length_mm.mean())</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1638<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="23">
1639<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââââââââ
1640â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species   </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> Mean(bill_length_mm) </span>â
1641â¡âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1642â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>              â
1643âââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââââââââ¤
1644â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Chinstrap</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span>

1644 â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">48.833824</span> â
1645â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.950980</span> â
1646â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.501786</span> â
1647â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">47.504878</span> â
1648â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.975000</span> â
1649âââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââââââââ
1650</pre>
1651</div>
1652</div>
1653<p>By adding that <code>mean</code> to the <code>aggregate</code>, we now have a concise way to calculate aggregates over each of the distinct groups in the <code>group_by</code>. And we can calculate as many aggregates as we need.</p>
1654<div id="7de32d86" class="cell" data-execution_count="24">
1655<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb29"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb29-1"><a href="#cb29-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.group_by([<span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>]).aggregate(</span>
1656<span id="cb29-2"><a href="#cb29-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    [penguins.bill_length_mm.mean(), penguins.flipper_length_mm.<span class="bu">max</span>()]</span>
1657<span id="cb29-3"><a href="#cb29-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1658<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="24">
1659<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1660â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species   </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> Mean(bill_length_mm) </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> Max(flipper_length_mm) </span>â
1661â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1662â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>              â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>                  â
1663âââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââââââââââ¤
1664â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.975000</span>

1664 â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">203</span> â
1665â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.950980</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">210</span> â
1666â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">38.501786</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">208</span> â
1667â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">47.504878</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">231</span> â
1668â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Chinstrap</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">48.833824</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">212</span> â
1669âââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1670</pre>
1671</div>
1672</div>
1673<p>If we need more specific groups, we can add to the <code>group_by</code>.</p>
1674<div id="f3176dc7" class="cell" data-execution_count="25">
1675<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb30"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb30-1"><a href="#cb30-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.group_by([<span class="st">"species"</span>, <span class="st">"island"</span>, <span class="st">"sex"</span>]).aggregate(</span>
1676<span id="cb30-2"><a href="#cb30-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    [penguins.bill_length_mm.mean(), penguins.flipper_length_mm.<span class="bu">max</span>()]</span>
1677<span id="cb30-3"><a href="#cb30-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1678<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="25">
1679<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ³ââââââââââââ³âââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1680â<span style="font-weight: bold"> species   </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> sex    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> Mean(bill_length_mm) </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> Max(flipper_length_mm) </span>â
1681â¡âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1682â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">float64</span>              â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>                  â
1683âââââââââââââ¼ââââââââââââ¼âââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââââââââââ¤
1684â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>

1684   â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">37.925000</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">193</span> â
1685â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">36.911111</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">202</span> â
1686â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">49.473770</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">231</span> â
1687â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Chinstrap</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">46.573529</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">202</span> â
1688â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">40.071429</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">208</span> â
1689â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">female</span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">45.563793</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">222</span> â
1690â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Chinstrap</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">51.094118</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">212</span> â
1691â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">40.586957</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">210</span> â
1692â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Adelie   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">male  </span> â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">40.590909</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">203</span> â
1693â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Gentoo   </span> â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">NULL</span>

1693   â            <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">45.625000</span> â                    <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">217</span> â
1694â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>         â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span>      â                    <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â                      <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">â¦</span> â
1695âââââââââââââ´ââââââââââââ´âââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1696</pre>
1697</div>
1698</div>
1699</section>
1700</section>
1701<section id="chaining-it-all-together" class="level2">
1702<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="chaining-it-all-together">Chaining it all together</h2>
1703<p>Weâve already chained some Ibis calls together. We used <code>mutate</code> to create a new column and then <code>select</code> to only view a subset of the new table. We were just chaining <code>group_by</code> with <code>aggregate</code>.</p>
1704<p>Thereâs nothing stopping us from putting all of these concepts together to ask questions of the data.</p>
1705<p>How about:</p>
1706<ul>
1707<li>What was the largest female penguin (by body mass) on each island in the year 2008?</li>
1708</ul>
1709<div id="51e6359c" class="cell" data-execution_count="26">
1710<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb31"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb31-1"><a href="#cb31-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.<span class="bu">filter</span>((penguins.sex <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"female"</span>) <span class="op">&amp;</span> (penguins.year <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">2008</span>)).group_by(</span>
1711<span id="cb31-2"><a href="#cb31-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    [<span class="st">"island"</span>]</span>
1712<span id="cb31-3"><a href="#cb31-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>).aggregate(penguins.body_mass_g.<span class="bu">max</span>())</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1713<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="26">
1714<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ³âââââââââââââââââââ
1715â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> Max(body_mass_g) </span>â
1716â¡âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1717â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>            â
1718âââââââââââââ¼âââââââââââââââââââ¤
1719â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â             <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">5200</span> â
1720â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â             <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3800</span> â
1721â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â             <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">3900</span> â
1722âââââââââââââ´âââââââââââââââââââ
1723</pre>
1724</div>
1725</div>
1726<ul>
1727<li>What about the largest male penguin (by body mass) on each island for each year of data collection?</li>
1728</ul>
1729<div id="67664ffe" class="cell" data-execution_count="27">
1730<div class="code-copy-outer-scaffold"><div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb32"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb32-1"><a href="#cb32-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins.<span class="bu">filter</span>(penguins.sex <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">

1730"male"</span>).group_by([<span class="st">"island"</span>, <span class="st">"year"</span>]).aggregate(</span>
1731<span id="cb32-2"><a href="#cb32-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    penguins.body_mass_g.<span class="bu">max</span>().name(<span class="st">"max_body_mass"</span>)</span>
1732<span id="cb32-3"><a href="#cb32-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>).order_by([<span class="st">"year"</span>, <span class="st">"max_body_mass"</span>])</span></code></pre></div><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></div>
1733<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="27">
1734<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">âââââââââââââ³ââââââââ³ââââââââââââââââ
1735â<span style="font-weight: bold"> island    </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> year  </span>â<span style="font-weight: bold"> max_body_mass </span>â
1736â¡ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ©
1737â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">string</span>    â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span> â <span style="color: #7f7f7f; text-decoration-color: #7f7f7f">int64</span>         â
1738âââââââââââââ¼ââââââââ¼ââââââââââââââââ¤
1739â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4650</span> â
1740â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4675</span> â
1741â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2007</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">6300</span> â
1742â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2008</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4700</span> â
1743â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2008</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4800</span> â
1744â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2008</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">6000</span> â
1745â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Torgersen</span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2009</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4300</span> â
1746â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Dream    </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2009</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">4475</span> â
1747â <span style="color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000">Biscoe   </span> â  <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">2009</span> â          <span style="color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold">6000</span> â
1748âââââââââââââ´ââââââââ´ââââââââââââââââ
1749</pre>
1750</div>
1751</div>
1752</section>
1753<section id="learn-more" class="level2">
1754<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="learn-more">Learn more</h2>
1755<p>Thatâs all for this quick-start guide. If you want to learn more, check out the <a href="https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis-examples">examples repository</a>.</p>
1756
1757
1758</section>
1759
1760

1761<a onclick="window.scrollTo(0, 0); return false;" role="button" id="quarto-back-to-top"><i class="bi bi-arrow-up"></i> Back to top</a><div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document" role="doc-endnotes"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">Footnotes</h2>
1762
1763<ol>
1764<li id="fn1"><p>Horst AM, Hill AP, Gorman KB (2020). palmerpenguins: Palmer Archipelago (Antarctica) penguin data. R package version 0.1.0. https://allisonhorst.github.io/palmerpenguins/. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3960218.<a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">â©ï¸</a></p></li>
1765</ol>
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