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1<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483792674043307639</id><updated>2026-10-02T06:30:41.275-07:00</updated><title type='text'>President Thomas Mifflin</title><subtitle type='html'>Fifth President of the United States in Congress Assembled:  November 3, 1783 to November 2, 1784 </subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.thomasmifflin.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8483792674043307639/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.thomasmifflin.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Stan Klos</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13178581524052821016</uri><email>[email protected]</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl7L7QS8c5GSTbZisS9ScnNuSSBSGCqv-6swCNAx_XF_jEQ0kxpySdOYNm68OjeZ3coxinNy_dZBcG7jpWo1y32FsV1mmpOHYzYnXKdjpsQIqYaZ8hBpo5sBbZNn_bPA/s220/stanklosss.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>1</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8483792674043307639.post-2714379111120107916</id><published>2012-11-01T17:00:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2026-02-03T16:53:17.347-08:00</updated><title type='text'>President Thomas Mifflin</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: x-large; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, &amp;quot;Palatino Linotype&amp;quot;, Palatino, serif; font-size: 14.85px;&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;center style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 16.8833px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;102px&quot; scrolling=&quot;no&quot; src=&quot;https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/stanley-yavneh-klos/embed/episodes/America-1774-vs-2024-e2o2fn4/a-abgv8jg&quot; width=&quot;400px&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
2&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: x-large; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;President Thomas
3Mifflin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: x-large; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim6f8Ywxvv8vfJZUXzjH8F0l19-OWjdTjHJNB4P3RmyHqye0toqnv_BgFMIq7yVZ-k

3513TigS4_kxGHcG-YQ1bQhCrtgQKPdkBfon1hDzkj7tjzQckL_aKGMfBZR7t69NLJwE6NPyr-W9Q1Nia1FVXhpCQcOj4z9_UyFneqyQ24xcxInJJyudoXpwerWPv/s1024/Mifflin,%20Thomas%20USCA.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="United Colonies and States Presidents of Congress Medal Series 1774-1788, AI-assisted renderings from original Historic.us. Copyright © 2025 Historic.us Corporation. Used with permission." border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim6f8Ywxvv8vfJZUXzjH8F0l19-OWjdTjHJNB4P3RmyHqye0toqnv_BgFMIq7yVZ-k513TigS4_kxGHcG-YQ1bQhCrtgQKPdkBfon1hDzkj7tjzQckL_aKGMfBZR7t69NLJwE6NPyr-W9Q1Nia1FVXhpCQcOj4z9_UyFneqyQ24xcxInJJyudoXpwerWPv/w400-h400/Mifflin,%20Thomas%20USCA.png" title="Thomas Mifflin, Fifth President of the United States  in Congress Assembled November 3, 1783 to November 2, 1784 www.thomasmifflin.com" width="400" /></a></div><b style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Fifth President of the United States </span></b></span></div>
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5in Congress Assembled</span></span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><b>
6November 3, 1783 to November 2, 1784</b></span></span><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><b> </b><br />
7www.thomasmifflin.com</i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
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21<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Thomas Mifflin of
22Pennsylvania was the Fifth United States in Congress Assembled President (USCA
23President), serving under the <a href="http://www.articlesofconfederation.com/" target="_blank">Articles of Confederation</a> from November 3, 1783 until November 2, 1784. Mifflin's Congressional session first convened at the Maryland State House in Annapolis on December 13, 1783 and concluded its business on June 3, 1784. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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29<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Mifflin was born in
30Philadelphia on January 10, 1744. He graduated in 1760 from the College of
31Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania). In 1772 he became a member of the
32Pennsylvania colonial Assembly, where he served until 1774. That year, Mifflin,
33Charles Thomson and Joseph Reed actively called for delegates to be appointed
34to a Continental Congress. Mifflin was chosen to attend the First Continental
35Congress in 1774 and the Second in 1775, both in Philadelphia, while Charles
36Thomson was selected to be the first (and only) Secretary of Congress, serving
37from 1774 until March 3, 1789. In 1775,
38the United Colonies Continental Congress created the Continental Army and commissioned Mifflin, who became
39<a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/" target="_blank">General George Washington’s</a> aide-de-camp. Later that year he was appointed by
40Washington to be the Army’s first Quartermaster General. In late 1777 Mifflin
41was involved in the “Conway Cabal” controversy when he agreed with Brig. General Conway’s suggestion, in a letter to Congress, that General Horatio Gates should replace George Washington as Commander-in-Chief. Washington stayed, while Mifflin and
42Gates were discharged from their places on the congressional War Board in 1778.</span></div>
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58<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">After the war, Mifflin returned to Congress in 1782. Mifflin was elected USCA President while Congress was in session at Princeton.  The USCA Journals record that a 

58 number of Congressional Delegates met on November 26th, according to adjournment, but there not being a sufficient number of states assembled to proceed to business, Congress was adjourned from day to day, till December 13th, 1783, when seven states finally formed a quorum at the Maryland State House in Annapolis.  Ironically, on December 23, 1783, President Mifflin,  accepted George Washington’s resignation as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Military before a seven state quorum of Congress.</span></div>
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62<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">It was not until January 14, 1784, that Congress formed the required Nine State Quorum to ratify the </span></span><a href="http://www.treatyofparis.org/" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank">Treaty of Paris</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">.  On that date after ratification,  President Mifflin and Secretary </span></span><a href="http://www.charlesthomson.com/" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank">Charles Thomson</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"> signed the Treaty of Paris Proclamation and then sent three signed copies on three separate ships to Great Britain to insure its arrival before the endorsement deadline. </span></span><br />
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66<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">While Mifflin was President, Congress notably  issued ships papers for the first trade mission to China, appointed Thomas Jefferson a minister to France, elected John Jay Secretary of Foreign Affairs, accepted Virginia's western land secession and passed the Ordinance of 1784, which was the first step to creating a </span></span><a href="http://www.northwestordinance.org/" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank">Northwest Territorial Government</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">. </span></span><br />
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68<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">From 1785 until 1788, Mifflin served in the Pennsylvania Assembly holding the position of Speaker, attended the Constitutional Convention and signed the Constitution. Mifflin then became President of Pennsylvania from 1788  until 1790 (following Benjamin Franklin), and continued as Pennsylvania’s first governor from 1790 until 1799, during most of President Washington’s two terms of office. </span></span><br />
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71<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">Thomas Mifflin died on January 20, 1800, 37 days after the death of Washington and is buried at the Lutheran Church of the Holy Trinity in downtown Lancaster, Pennsylvania.</span></span><br />
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119<b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled</span></b></div>
120<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;">
121<span style="font-size: 15px;">March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789</span></div>
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129<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://samuelhuntington.org/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Samuel Huntington</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
130</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: solid none; border-top-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-top-width: 1pt; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
131<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">March 1, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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133<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">July 6, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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136<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://samueljohnston.org/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Samuel Johnston</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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138<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">July 9, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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140<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Declined Office<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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143<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://thomasmckean.com/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Thomas McKean</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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145<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">July 10, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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147<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 4, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
148</td></tr>
149<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
150<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://johnhanson.net/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">John Hanson</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
151</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
152<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 5, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
153</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
154<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 3, 1782<o:p></o:p></span></div>
155</td></tr>
156<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
157<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://eliasboudinot.com/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Elias Boudinot</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
158</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
159<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 4, 1782<o:p></o:p></span></div>
160</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
161<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 2, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></div>
162</td></tr>
163<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
164<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://thomasmifflin.com/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Thomas Mifflin</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
165</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
166<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 3, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></div>
167</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
168<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">June 3, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></div>
169</td></tr>
170<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
171<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://richardhenrylee.org/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Richard Henry Lee</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
172</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
173<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 30, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></div>
174</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
175<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 22, 1785<o:p></o:p></span></div>
176</td></tr>
177<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
178<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://johnhancock.org/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">John Hancock</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
179</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
180<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 23, 1785<o:p></o:p></span></div>
181</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
182<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">June 5, 1786<o:p></o:p></span></div>
183</td></tr>
184<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
185<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://nathanielgorham.com/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Nathaniel Gorham</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div&gt

185;
186</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
187<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">June 6, 1786<o:p></o:p></span></div>
188</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
189<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;">February 1, 1787</span></div>
190</td></tr>
191<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
192<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://arthurstclair.com/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Arthur St. Clair</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
193</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
194<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">February 2, 1787<o:p></o:p></span></div>
195</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
196<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;">January 21, 1788</span></div>
197</td></tr>
198<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
199<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://cyrusgriffin.com/" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Cyrus Griffin</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
200</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
201<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">January 22, 1788<o:p></o:p></span></div>
202</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
203<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;">January 21, 1789</span></div>
204</td></tr>
205</tbody></table>
206</div>
207<div align="center">
208<br /></div>
209</div>
210</div>
211<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;">
212<span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 20px;"></span></div>
213</div>
214</div>
215</div>
216<div>
217<div style="text-align: center;">
218<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
219<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin
220was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on January 10, 1744 to Philadelphia City
221Alderman John Mifflin<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
222and Elizabeth Bagnall. Thomas, a fourth generation Philadelphia Quaker, attended
223the Academy and College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) of which
224his father was a trustee.  Upon
225graduation in 1760, through his father’s mercantile contacts, he secured a
226position as an apprentice at an important Philadelphia mercantile house that
227was owned by William Coleman:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
228<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
229<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
230<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
231<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">William
232Coleman, an important Patriot, built his one and one-half story Georgian-style
233summer home, servant’s house and stable in 1756-58 on 12 acres of land. Coleman
234was a highly educated and successful merchant who ended his career as a justice
235of the provincial Pennsylvania Supreme Court. William Coleman and his wife
236Hannah raised their orphaned nephew George Clymer. Clymer became a
237distinguished Patriot and signer of both the Declaration of Independence and
238the Constitution. Benjamin Franklin, a close and long-standing friend, said of
239Coleman, “He has the coolest, clearest head, the best heart, and the exactest
240morals of almost any man I ever met.”<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="">[2]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span>
241<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
242<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
243<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
244<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
245<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In
2461764 Mifflin travelled throughout Europe in the course of the mercantile

247business and made key business contacts with French and London merchants
248including David Barclay.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
249In France he was schooled in French and riding. In a December letter to Jacob
250Lewis,  Mifflin found it necessary to
251profess his preference for America stating that 
252<i>“all the charms of that country
253[France]  have had no effect than in
254making me better pleased with the simple and honest manners of my
255countrymen."</i>  </span></span><br />
256<div align="center" style="font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
257</div>
258</div>
259<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
260<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
261<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
262<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Upon
263his return to Philadelphia in 1765, Mifflin founded an import and export
264business with a younger brother George Mifflin.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
265 The store was located at the corner of
266Front and Chestnut Streets specializing in East Indian and European goods including
267ozanbrigs trousers and Irish linens.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
268Mifflin's entrepreneurial pursuits were responsible
269for the formulation of his initial objections and protests of Parliament's
270taxation policy. In his first year as a Philadelphia Importer he publicly spoke
271and campaign against Great Britain's initial attempts to levy taxes on the
272colonies.   In support of </span><a href="http://stampactcongress.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">1765 Stamp Act Congress</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">,
273Mifflin supported and signed the non-importation agreement.  He quickly became a leader among other Philadelphia Whig
274merchants opposing the Townshend Acts (1767) and in boycotting English goods.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
275<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
276<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
277<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
278<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In
2791765 he began courting his distant cousin, Sarah Morris, the daughter of Morris
280and Susannah Morris. Mifflin, by numerous accounts, <i>“was remarkably handsome, though his stature did not exceed five feet
281eight. His frame was athletic, and capable of bearing much fatigue. His manners
282were cheerful and affable; his elocution open, fluent, and distinct.”</i>  He won Susannah’s heart and they were married
283on March 4, 1767 at the Fairhill Meetinghouse in Philadelphia.  According to </span><a href="http://www.johadams.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John Adams</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, Sarah <i>was “a charming Quaker girl."<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></i>  In 1767 he also  joined the American Philosophical Society,
284served as its Secretary for two years and remained a distinguished member until
2851799. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
286<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
287<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
288<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
289<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin was a very active citizen in colonial Philadelphia being
290elected Pennsylvania Hospital’s manager and also serving as the Director of Library
291Company of Philadelphia (1768-1770).  In
2921771 Mifflin ran and won election as a Philadelphia's warden, who had
293supervision over the watch and street lighting.   He was also a member of the Hand-in-Hand Fire

294Company and a subscriber to the City Tavern which would host many unofficial
295gatherings of the Continental Congress during the U.S. founding period.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
296<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
297<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
298<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
299<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On the weekends, Thomas and Sarah would often escape to their country
300place at the Schuylkill Falls that had a windmill pumping water into his garden
301which was a local attraction to boaters along the river.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>  Even in the winter the Mifflin’s would escape
302the city to the Schuylkill River residence where he would often spend time ice
303skating with neighbors. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
304<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
305<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
306<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
307<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In 1772 he began the first of four uninterrupted terms in the Pennsylvania
308Colonial State Legislature of Pennsylvania. The following year Mifflin and
309Sarah travelled to New England to attend the funeral of his mother who was born
310and raised in Boston.  Here, Mifflin met
311Merchant<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://johnhancock.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John Hancock</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">and political activist<span class="apple-converted-space">  </span></span><a href="http://samueladams.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Samuel Adams</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">  Mifflin was able to observe firsthand that British
312taxes and unjust laws had a devastating effect on these fellow merchants
313colonial businesses. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
314<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
315<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
316<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
317<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The couple also made the acquaintance of John and Abigail Adams
318and sat for a portrait accomplished by John Singleton Coplet.  Adams wrote of meeting the Mifflins:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
319<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
320<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
321<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
322<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
323<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
324<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Drank Tea at Dr.
325Coopers with Mr. Adams, Mr. S. Elliot, Mr. T. </span></i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8483792674043307639" name="DJA02p84"><i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">{<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">p.

32684</span>}<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> </span></span></i></a><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Chase, and with Mr. Miffling <span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">[</span></span></i><i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Mifflin</span></i><i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">]</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">, of
327Phyladelphia, and a French Gentleman. Mr. Mifflin is a Grandson, his Mother was
328the Daughter, of Mr. Bagnall of this Town, who was buried the day before
329Yesterday. Mr. Mifflin is a Representative of the City of Philadelphia—a very
330sensible and agreeable Man. Their Academy emits from 9 to 14 Graduates
331annually. Their Grammar School has from 90 to 100 scholars in all. Mr. Mifflin
332is an easy Speaker—and a very correct Speaker.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
333<div align="center" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
334<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
335<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
336<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3jCsHOOiB-Y8CMjRHx3ShGM0HNyD31JS53WCwJaCBtWXDgMYqC2oBrrMOc5snHceing8_zpU7xt6mXzG054jBfYHWRfO41YYwVSGje08ln-2rfv6-3UNafmhrcXb65KBGvZoH4JUlIeEI/s400/mifflin+copley.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Portrait of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin is an oil on ticking by, John Singleton Copley, Circa 1772 – image courtesy of Philadelphia Museum of Art. - www.thomasmifflin.com" width="360" /></td></tr>
337<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
338<span style="font-size: small; text-align: justify;">Portrait of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin is an oil on ticking by, John Singleton Copley, Circa 1772 – <i>image courtesy of </i></span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Philadelphia Museum of Art.</i></span></span></blockquote>
339</td></tr>
340</tbody></table>
341<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;">
342<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3jCsHOOiB-Y8CMjRHx3ShGM0HNyD31JS53WCwJaCBtWXDgMYqC2oBrrMOc5snHceing8_zpU7xt6mXzG054jBfYHWRfO41YYwVSGje08ln-2rfv6-3UNafmhrcXb65KBGvZoH4JUlIeEI/s1600/mifflin+copley.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span></a></div>
343<div align="center" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
344<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
345<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
346<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Returning home to Philadelphia, Mifflin organized several
347Pennsylvania town meetings to support Boston's resistance to the Coercive Acts.
348In these meetings Mifflin argued that although the British acts only applied to
349Boston, in reprisal to the "<i>Tea Party,"</i> successful
350implementation would embolden Parliament to tax all the other colonial ports in
351North America.  </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Mifflin’s
352reputation as a merchant leader was greatly enhanced due to these efforts and his
353personal association with John Hancock, John and Samuel Adams. Mifflin’s
354standing won him an appointment to the first Continental Congress in 1774.  At 30 years of age, he was the youngest
355member of the Philadelphia delegation that included the venerable </span><a href="http://www.benjaminfranklin.org/" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Benjamin Franklin</span></a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">,
356aged 68.</span></div>
357<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
358<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
359<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
360<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Mifflin,
361due to the influence of John and Samuel Adams, became one the most radical members
362of the First Continental Congress. In his youthful enthusiasm, when word
363reached Philadelphia the New England Delegates were approaching Philadelphia,
364Mifflin rode out of town to greet them on a hot August day.  </span><a href="http://www.johnadams.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John
365Adams</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> wrote of his approach to Philadelphia:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
366<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
367<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
368<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
369<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">We
370then rode to the red Lion and dined. After Dinner We stopped at Frankfort
371[Frankford] about five Miles out of Town. A Number of Carriages and Gentlemen
372came out of Philadelphia to meet us. Mr. Thomas Mifflin, Mr. McKean of the
373Lower Counties, one of their Delegates, Mr. Rutledge of Carolina, and a Number
374of Gentlemen from Philadelphia. Mr. Folsom and Mr. Sullivan, the N. Hampshire
375Delegates. We were introduced to all these Gentlemen and most cordially
376welcomed to Philadelphia.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title="">[9]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
377<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
378<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
379<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
380<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Thomas
381and Sarah Mifflin often entertained the New England Delegates at their house
382which John Adams described as <i>"grand,
383spacious, and elegant."</i>   Adams
384wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
385<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
386<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
387<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
388<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Walked
389a little about Town. Visited the Markett, the State house, the Carpe

389nters Hall
390where the Congress is to Sit, &c—then call'd at Mr. Mifflins—a grand,
391spacious, and elegant House. Here We had much Conversation with Mr. Charles
392Thompson [Thomson], who is it seems about marrying a Lady a Relation of Mr. Dickensons
393with 5000£. st[erling]. This Charles Thompson is the Sam. Adams of
394Phyladelphia—the Life of the Cause of Liberty, they say.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title="">[10]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
395<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
396<i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
397<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
398<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Three days before the First Continental Congress Delegates would convene
399at Carpenters’ Hall, John Adams again was entertained at the Mifflin’s
400residence:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
401<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
402<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
403<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
404<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dined at Mr. Thom. Mifflins with
405Mr. Lynch, Mr. Middleton, and the two Rutledges with their Ladies. The two
406Rutledges are good Lawyers. Govr. Hopkins and Govr. Ward were in Company. Mr.
407Lynch gave us a Sentiment “The brave Dantzickers, who declare they will be free
408in the face of the greatest Monarch in Europe.”—We were very sociable, and
409happy. After Coffee We went to the Tavern, where we were introduced to Peyton
410Randolph Esqr., Speaker of Virginia, Coll. Harrison, Richard Henry Lee Esq.,
411and Coll. Bland. Randolph is a large, well looking Man. Lee is a tall, spare
412Man. Bland is a learned, bookish Man. These Gentlemen from Virginia appear to
413be the most spirited and consistent, of any. Harrison said he would have come
414on foot rather than not come. Bland said he would have gone, upon this
415Occasion, if it had been to Jericho.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title="">[11]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
416<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
417<i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
418<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
419<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">That evening, Adams again found himself at the Mifflins writing on
420Caesar Rodney’s apple size head and Delegate Rutledge’s inarticulate way of
421speaking through his nose:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
422<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
423<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
424<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
425<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Spent the Evening at Mr. Mifflins with Lee and Harrison from

426Virginia, the two Rutledges, Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Shippen, Dr. Steptoe, and
427another Gentleman. An elegant Supper, and We drank Sentiments till 11 O Clock.
428Lee and Harrison were very high. Lee had dined with Mr. Dickenson, and drank
429Burgundy the whole Afternoon. Harrison gave us for a Sentiment “a
430constitutional Death to the Lords Bute, Mansfield and North.” Paine gave us
431“May the Collision of british Flint and American Steel, produce that Spark of
432Liberty which shall illumine the latest Posterity.”2 Wisdom to Britain and
433Firmness to the Colonies, may Britain be wise and America free. The Friends of
434America throughout the World. Union of the Colonies. Unanimity to the Congress.
435May the Result of the Congress, answer the Expectations of the People. Union of
436Britain and the Colonies, on a Constitutional Foundation—and many other such
437Toasts. Young Rutledge told me, he studied 3 Years at the Temple. He thinks
438this a great Distinction. Says he took a Volume of Notes, which J. Quincy
439transcribed. Says that young Gentlemen ought to travel early, because that
440freedom and Ease of Behaviour, which is so necessary, cannot be acquired but in
441early Life. This Rutledge is young—sprightly but not deep. He has the most
442indistinct, inarticulate Way of Speaking. Speaks through his nose—a wretched
443Speaker in Conversation. How he will shine in public I dont yet know. He seems
444good natured, tho conceited. His Lady is with him in bad Health. His Brother still
445maintains the Air of Reserve, Design and Cunning—like Duane, and Galloway, and
446Bob Auchmuty. Caesar Rodney is the oddest looking Man in the World. He is
447tall—thin and slender as a Reed—pale—his Face is not bigger than a large Apple.
448Yet there is Sense and Fire, Spirit, Wit and Humour in his Countenance. He made
449himself very merry with Ruggles and his pretended Scruples and Timidities, at
450the last Congresss. Mr. Reed told us, at dinner, that he never saw greater Joy,
451than he saw in London when the News arrived that the Nonimportation agreement
452was broke. They were universally shaking Hands and Congratulating each other.
453He says that George Haley is the worst Enemy to America that he knew
454there—swore to him that he would stand by Government in all its Measures, and
455was allways censuring and cursing America.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title="">[12]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
456<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
457<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
458<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
459<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On Sunday evening, the night before the delegates were to meet in
460the morning at the City Tavern and walk over to Carpenters’ Hall, John Adams notes
461that <i>“Mr. Mifflin spent the evening with
462us at our lodgings.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
463<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
464<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div>
465<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
466<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On the morning of September 5, 1774 the delegates, upon entering
467Carpenters’ Hall, declined Speaker of the House Joseph Galloway’s offer to
468convene at the Philadelphia State House (Independence Hall).  The members convened, elected </span><a href="http://peytonrandolph.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Peyton Randolph</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> their President or presiding officer and the <i>First United American Republic <a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></i>
469was born.  The gathering would later name
470itself the Continental Congress of the United Colonies of North America.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
471<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
472<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
473<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
474<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin’s business and patriotic fervor was embraced by his fellow
475Delegates as the members appointed him to serve on numerous important
476committees.  Shortly after the First Continental
477Congress went into session elections were held for the State Assembly.  John Adams wrote to Abigail about Mifflin’s reelection:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
478<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
479<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
480<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
481<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Spirit and Principles of Liberty, here,
482are greatly cherished, by our Presence and Conversation. The Elections of the
483last Week in this City, prove this. Mr. Dickenson was chosen almost unanimously
484a Representative of the County. The Broadbrims<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span>began an opposition to
485your Friend Mr. Mifflin, because he was too warm in the Cause. This instantly
486alarmed the Friends of Liberty and ended in the Election of Mr. Mifflin, by
487Eleven hundred Votes out of thirteen, and in the Election of our Secretary Mr.
488Charles Thompson to be a Burgess with him. This is considered here as a most
489compleat and decisive Victory in favour of the American Cause. And it<span class="

489apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="unclear"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">[is]</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>said
490it will change the Ballance in the Legislature here against Mr. Galloway who
491has been supposed to sit on the Skirts of the American Advocates. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title="">[14]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
492<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
493<i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
494<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
495<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In Congress, one Mifflin committee founded a Continental
496Association to enforce its resolutions which created an embargo against English
497goods. In the deliberations over the trade sanctions, Mifflin proposed the <i>“stoppage of Flax seed and Lumber to the
498West Indies,”</i> adding that the <i>“Non
499Importation of dutied Articles to commence 1<sup>st</sup> Aug. 1775.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
500</i> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
501<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
502<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
503<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
504<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">It was not all business during the First Continental Congress as
505Adams recalls in this outing to the country:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
506<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
507<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
508<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
509<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Attended my Duty on the Committee, untill one O Clock, and then

510went with my Colleagues and Messrs. Thompson and Mifflin to the Falls of
511Schuylkill, and viewed the Museum at Fort St. Davids, a great Collection of
512Curiosities. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title="">[16]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
513<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
514<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
515<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
516<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Society of Fort St. David was a fishing club with a house near
517the Falls of Schuylkill. At the falls there was a small Museum filled principally
518with indigenous people’s antiquities.  
519The following day Adams recalls that Mifflin was a spirited speaker in
520congress:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
521<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
522<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
523<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
524<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Deliberations of the Congress, are spun out to an immeasurable
525Length. There is so much Wit, Sense, Learning, Acuteness, Subtilty, Eloquence,
526&c. among fifty Gentlemen, each of whom has been habituated to lead and
527guide in his own Province, that an immensity of Time, is spent unnecessarily.
528Johnson of Maryland has a clear and a cool Head, an extensive Knowledge of
529Trade, as well as Law. He is a deliberating Man, but not a shining orator—His
530Passions and Imagination dont appear enough for an orator. His Reason and
531Penetration appear, but not his Rhetoric. Galloway, Duane, and Johnson, are
532sensible and learned but cold Speakers. Lee, Henry, and Hooper [are] the
533orators. Paca is a deliberater too. Chase speaks warmly. Mifflin is a sprightly
534and spirited Speaker. John Rutledge dont exceed in Learning or oratory, tho he
535is a rapid Speaker. Young Edward Rutledge is young, and zealous—a little
536unsteady, and injudicious, but very unnatural and affected as a Speaker. Dyer
537and Sherman speak often and long, but very heavily and clumsily.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title="">[17]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
538<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
539<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
540<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
541<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The debates resulted in the passage of the </span><a href="http://www.articlesofassociation.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Articles of Association</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> on October 20, 1774. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The colonies believed that
542Great Britain</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
543line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-element:
544field-begin'></span> XE "<span style='mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Great
545Britain</span>" </span><![endif]--><!--[if supportFields]><span
546style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
547style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> would redress their grievances, enumerated in the
548</span><a href="http://www.articlesofassociation.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Articles of
549Association</span></a><!--[if supportFields]><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
550normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
551style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span></i><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
552line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> XE "<span
553style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Articles of Association</span>" </span><![endif]--><!--[if supportFields]><i
554style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
555150%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></i><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, only
556after they imposed economic sanctions</span><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
557<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
558<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
559<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
560<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">

560With this important measure behind them, Congress began debating the
561letters that were to be sent to </span><a href="http://kinggeorgeiii.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">King
562George III</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> and the people of Quebec.  Adams writes:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
563<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
564<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
565<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
566<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In Congress, nibbling and quibbling—as usual. There is no greater
567Mortification than to sit with half a dozen Witts, deliberating upon a
568Petition, Address, or Memorial. These great Witts, these subtle Criticks, these
569refined Genius's, these learned Lawyers, these wise Statesmen, are so fond of
570shewing their Parts and Powers, as to make their Consultations very tedius. Young
571Ned Rutledge is a perfect Bob o' Lincoln—a Swallow—a Sparrow—a
572Peacock—excessively vain, excessively weak, and excessively variable and
573unsteady—jejune, inane, and puerile. Mr. Dickinson is very modest, delicate,
574and timid. Spent the Evening at home. Coll. Dyer, Judge Sherman and Coll. Floyd
575came in and spent the Evening with Mr. Adams and me. Mr. Mifflin and General
576Lee came in. Lee's Head is running upon his new Plan of a Battallion.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
577<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
578<br /></div>
579<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
580<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The letters were passed and the First Continental Congress adjourned
581on October 26<sup>th</sup> resolving to meet again in May 1775 should the King
582and Parliament not remedy their grievances.  
583Delegate Mifflin’s fervor and close ties with the Massachusetts delegation
584insured his re-election to the Second Continental Congress in the spring of
5851775. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
586<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
587<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
588<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
589<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">When the news of the Lexington battle reached Philadelphia in April
5901775, Mifflin advocated resolute action to all who would listen.   He,
591still a Quaker, attended many Pennsylvania town-meetings supporting colonial
592armed resistance. His direct involvement in recruiting armed patriots was most
593potent. Together, he and John Dickinson were instrumental in reviving the
594volunteer colonial <i>Associators</i> defense force that resisted the French in
595the <i>Seven Years’ War</i>.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> All of this work occurred
596while he was serving as a delegate to the Second Continental Congress which had
597convened in the Pennsylvania State House on May 10, 1777.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
598<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
599<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
600<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
601<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Once the troops were enlisted, Mifflin was elected a Major
602becoming active in organizing and drilling the 3rd Philadelphia Battalion. This
603was an action that spoke volumes to his commitment to colonial self-government
604and its defense.  Mifflin was one of the
605few legislators ready to substitute Continental Congress ballots with bullets
606in aid to Boston. </span><a href="http://www.johadams.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John
607Adams</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, who had returned as a Massachusetts delegate
608to the Second Continental Congress wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
609<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
610<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
611<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;">
612<div style="text-align: justify;">
613<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The military Spirit
614which runs through the Continent is truly amazing. This City turns out 2000 Men
615every day. Mr. Dickinson is a Coll.—Mr. Reed a Lt. Coll.—Mr. Mifflin a Major.
616He ought to have been a Genl. for he has been the animating Soul of the whole.
617Coll. Washington appears at Congress in his Uniform and, by his great
618Experience and Abilities in military Matters, is of much service to Us. Oh that
619I was a Soldier!—I will be.—I am reading military Books.—Every Body must and
620will, and shall be a soldier.</span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></i></span></a><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
621</div>
622<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: 2.25pt; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;">
623<br /></div>
624<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
625<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On
626June 14, 1775 the Second Continental Congress created the Colonial Army as a
627national armed force.   After the
628appointment of </span><a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">George
629Washington</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> as Commander-in-Chief, the Delegates began to debate
630commissions for other officers. John Adams recalls Delegate Thomas Mifflin
631weighing in on the second in command behind Washington:   <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
632<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
633<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
634<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify;">
635<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The next Question was who should be the Second
636Officer. General Lee was nominated, and most strenuously Urged by many,
637particularly Mr. Mifflin who said that General Lee would serve cheerfully under
638Washington, but considering his Rank, Character and Experience could not be
639expected to serve under any other. That Lee must be aut secundus, aut nullus.—
640To this I as strenuously objected.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span class="

640apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
641<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify;">
642<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></i></div>
643<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
644<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin
645resigned as a Continental Congress delegate enlisting into the Pennsylvania
646Militia with the rank of major to serve under the new Commander-in-Chief,
647General Washington. Washington knew Mifflin as a fellow delegate and promoted
648him as his first aide-de-camp on June 23rd.   John Adams wrote to James Warren on the loss
649of Mifflin as a fellow delegate:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
650<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
651<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
652<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify;">
653<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Major
654Mifflin goes in the Character of Aid de Camp to General Washington. I wish you
655to be acquainted with him, because, he has great Spirit Activity, and
656Abilities, both in civil and military Life. He is a gentleman of Education,
657Family and Fortune.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title="">[22]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
658<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify;">
659<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
660<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
661<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In a letter to Nathanael Greene, Adams went
662even further praising Washington’s promotion of Thomas Mifflin: </span></span><br />
663<blockquote class="tr_bq">
664<i style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Mifflin, was a Gentleman of Family, and Fortune in his Country, of the best Education and Abilities, of great Knowledge of the World, and remarkable Activity. Besides this, the Rank he had held as a Member of the Legislature of this Province, and a Member of Congress, and his great Merit in the civil Department, in Subduing the Quaker and Proprietarian Interests added to the Tory Interests of this Province to the American system of Union, and especially his<span class="

664apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="cancelled"><s><span style="border: 1pt none; padding: 0in;"><</span></s></span></span></i><span class="cancelled" face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><i><s><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">surprising</span></s></i></span><span class="cancelled" face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><i><s><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">></span></s></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space" face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></i></span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Activity and success in infusing into this Province a martial Spirit and Ambition which it never felt before, were thought Sufficient Causes for his Advancement.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title="">[23]</a></span></b></span></span></span></i></blockquote>
665<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></span>
666<br />
667<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, serif; font-size: 15px;">
668<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In a letter to Abigail, he writes of Major Mifflin and the Generals leaving Philadelphia for Boston and news on the Battle of Bunker Hill:  </span></span></div>
669<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">
670<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
671<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, serif; font-size: 14.85px;">
672<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;">I have this Morning been out of Town to accompany our Generals Washington, Lee, and Schuyler, a little Way, on their Journey to the American Camp before Boston. The Three Generals were all mounted, on Horseback, accompanied by Major Mifflin who is gone in the Character of Aid de Camp. All the Delegates from the Massachusetts with their Servants, and Carriages attended. Many others of the Delegates, from the Congress—a large Troop of Light Horse, in their Uniforms. Many Officers of Militia besides in theirs. Musick playing &c. &c. Such is the Pride and Pomp of War. I, poor Creature, worn out with scribbling, for my Bread and my Liberty, low in Spirits and weak in Health, must leave others to wear the Lawrells which I have sown; others, to eat the Bread which I have earned.—A Common Case. We had Yesterday, by the Way of N. York and N. London, a Report, which distresses us, almost as much as that We had last fall, of the Cannonade of Boston. A Battle at Bunkers Hill and Dorchester Point—three Colonels wounded, Gardiner mortally. We wait to hear more particulars. Our Hopes and our Fears are alternately very strong. If there is any Truth in this Account, you must be in great Confusion.[24]</span></blockquote>
673<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></span>
674<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">On July 3, George Washington, with Thomas Mifflin as his aide, arrived in Cambridge, Massachusetts and presented his Commander-in-Chief credentials to the Massachusetts Militia who had successfully confined the British to Boston since April 19, 1775.   Washington took charge of new Continental Army setting up his headquarters at 105 Brattle Street in Cambridge.  The Continental Congress’ Declaration of Arms proved fruitful as supplies and troops began pouring into the military works surrounding Boston from all parts of the colonies.   Washington began the work of organizing militias from numerous colonies into an army by appointing senior officers (as opposed to militia elected officers), standardizing officer uniforms, drilling, and improving the siege works around Boston.  Washington, with the arrival of about 2,000 Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia long range riflemen,  

674positioned sharpshooters at key vantage points to harass and pick-off British regulars from their lines surrounding Boston.</span></span><br />
675<br />
676<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">Meanwhile, back in Philadelphia, the Quaker congregation who had admonished Mifflin in March 1775 for his actions in raising troops for the Pennsylvania Militia, brought the Major’s standing before a meeting house gathering.  The charges were "joining with and promoting measures pursued by the People for asserting their Civil privileges in such manner as are inconsistent with our Peaceable Profession & Principles” and they were not denied by Major Mifflin. On July 27, 1775 Thomas Mifflin was disowned by the Quakers of Philadelphia.   </span></span><br />
677<br />
678<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">On August 14th, recognizing Mifflin’s talents as a savvy businessman and a popular officer, Washington appointed him Quartermaster General of the Continental Army.  As the first Quartermaster General Mifflin went about his work procuring and allotting supplies to the military forces.  </span></span><br />
679<br />
680<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">The difficult position of Quartermaster-General he assigned to Mifflin. The duties were new and arduous. Everything was in confusion. Order had to be established, system to be inaugurated, and a vigilant watchfulness maintained that the army should want for nothing which could contribute to its efficie

680ncy and to its comfort.[25]</span></span><br />
681<br />
682<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">During this period Mifflin lived up to Washington’s expectations minimizing price gauging by war profiteers that had characterized eighteenth-century procurement efforts during the French and Indian War. </span></span><br />
683<br />
684<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">During the siege, Major Mifflin participated in a skirmish with the British when they attempted to seize Continental Army cattle.   On November 12, 1775 Abigail  Adams wrote to John Adams:</span></span><br />
685<br />
686<div style="line-height: 24px; text-align: center;">
687<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
688<i style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 20.7px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">I have nothing remarkable to write you. A little Skirmish hapned last week. The perticuliars I have endeavourd to collect, but whether I have the facts right I am not certain. A Number of Cattle were kept at Leachmores point where two Centinals were placed, in a high tide this an Island. The Regulars had observed this and a Scheme was laid to send a Number of them over and take of the Stock. Accordingly a number of Boats and about 400 men were sent; they landed it seems, unperceived by the Centinals who were a sleep; one of whom they killed the other took prisoner. As soon as they were perceived, they pouredd the cannon from Prospect Hill upon them which sunk one of their Boats, but as the tide was very high, it was difficult getting over, and some time before any alarm was given. A Coll. Tomson of the Riffel Men, Marchd instantly with his Men, and tho a very stormy day, regarded not the tide, nor wated for Boats, but Marchd over, neck high in water, and dischargd their peices, when the Regulars ran without waiting for to get of their Stock, and made the best of their way to the opposite Shore. The General sent his thanks in a public manner to the brave officer and his Men. Major Mifflin I hear was there, and flew about as tho he would have raisd the whole Army.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 20.7px;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="color: #5e5ec9; text-decoration-line: none;" title="">[26]</a></span></b></span></span></span></span></i></blockquote>
689</div>
690</div>
691<div style="line-height: 150%;">
692<div style="text-align: justify;">
693</div>
694</div>
695<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
696<i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
697<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
698<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">George
699Washington</span></a><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"> reported the action to </span><a href="http://www.johnhancock.org/"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">John Hancock</span></a><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">, the President of the Continental Congress as
700thus:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
701<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
702<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
703<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
704<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Yesterday I had a proof of it, as a party of
705the Enemy, about four or five hundred taking the advantage of the High Tide,
706landed at Leechmore's point, which at that time was in effect an Island, we
707were alarmed, and of course ordered every man to examine his cartouch Box, when

708the Melancholy Truth appeared, and we were Obliged to furnish the greater part
709of them with fresh ammunition. The Damage done at the point was the taking of a
710Man, who watched a few Horses and Cows, Ten of the latter they carried of
711Colonel Thompson marched down with his Regiment of Riflemen and was joined by
712Colonel Woodbridge with a part of his and a part of Patterson's regiment, who
713gallantly waded through the water and soon obliged the Enemy to embark under
714cover of a Man of War, a Floating Battery and the Fire of a Battery on Charles
715Town Neck. We have two of our Men dangerously Wounded by grape shot from the
716Man of War and by a Flag out this day we are informed the Enemy lost two of
717their Men.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title="">[27]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></i></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
718<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
719<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
720<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
721<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Although
722Mifflin was not mentioned in Washington’s letter his actions were deemed heroic
723by other with the Pennsylvania Gazette reporting on November 29, 1775 reported:
724<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
725<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
726<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
727<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
728<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“Extract of a letter from an Officer of
729distinction in the American Army near Boston, dated November 15, 1775.” It
730stated that “We had a skirmish the other day on Litchmore point with General
731Clinton and a body of his myrmidons. Col. Thompson and his riflers acquitted
732themselves most nobly. Our friend MIFFLIN played the part of himself—that is of
733a HERO.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
734<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
735<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
736<pre style="line-height: 20px;"><div style="text-align: left;">
737<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;">Another account reports: </span></div>
738<span style="font-size: 15px;">
739</span></pre>
740<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
741<blockquote class="tr_bq">
742<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18.6667px;">Mifflin solicited and obtained the command of a party to oppose them, and succeeded, with half-disciplined militia, in repelling the regular soldiery. An eye-witness, the aged and venerable General Craig, declared to the writer, that he ' “never saw a greater display of personal bravery than was exhibited on this occasion in the cool and intrepid conduct of Colonel Mifflin." [28]' </span></blockquote>
743<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span>
744<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">In early December 1775 </span><a href="http://abigailadams.org/" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">Abigail Adams</span></a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;"> answered Sarah Mifflin’s request to join her, the Major and others for an afternoon coffee in their Boston residence.   Abigail wrote John Adams the following day remarking on the infertility and delicate nature of Sarah and of her admiration of Major Mifflin: </span></div>
745<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
746<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
747<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify;">
748<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">I
749had received a Message from Mrs. Mifflin some time agone desireing I would
750visit her. My Pappa who you know is very obliging in this way accompanied me,
751and I had the pleasure of drinking coffe with the Dr. and his Lady, the Major
752and his Lady and a Mr. and Mrs. Smith from New York,  A daughter of the famous Son of Liberty Capt.
753Sears,  General Gates and Lee, a Dr.
754McHenery  and a Mr. Elvin,  with many others who were strangers to
755me.  … Major Mifflin you know I was allways an admirer of, as well
756as of his delicate Lady. I beleive Phyladelphia is an unfertile soil, or it
757would not produce so many unfruitfull women. I always conceive of these persons
758as wanting one addition to their happiness, but in these perilous times I know
759not whether it ought to be considerd as an infelicity, since they are certainly
760freed, from the anxiety every parent must feel for their rising ofspring.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[29]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
761<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
762<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
763<br /></div>
764<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
765<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The November skirmish, Mifflin’s

766good work as Washington’s Quartermaster General resulted in his promotion to
767Colonel on December 22, 1775.    <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
768<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
769<br /></div>
770<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
771<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">During the winter, there was
772little opportunity for Colonel Mifflin to distinguish himself further in
773battle.  His role as quartermaster
774general, however, remained herculean as he was responsible for supplying the troops
775during a very cold 1775-76 winter siege of Boston. </span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John Adams had the occasion of dining with
776Colonel Mifflin and General Washington during the winter siege writing:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
777<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
778<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
779<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
780<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">I then went to Cambridge where I dined at Coll.
781Mifflins with the General, and Lady, and a vast Collection of other Company,
782among whom were six or seven Sachems and Warriours, of the French Cagnawaga
783Indians, with several of their Wives and Children. A savage Feast they made of
784it, yet were very polite in the Indian style. One of these sachems is an
785Englishman a Native of this Colony whose Name was Williams, captivated in his
786Infancy with his Mother, and adopted by some kind Squaw—another I think is half
787french Blood.  I was introduced to them
788by the General as one of the grand Council Fire at Philadelphia which made them
789prick up their Ears, they came and shook Hands with me, and made me low Bows,
790and scrapes &c. In short I was much pleased with this Days entertainment.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[30]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
791<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
792<br /></div>
793<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
794<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">During the winter, George Washington sought the establishment
795of a Congressional Board to coordinate the war effort with the Commander-in-chief.
796On January 24, 1776, Congressional delegate Edward Rutledge, echoing General
797George Washington'

797s words, proposed that a war office be established similar to
798Great Britain.  No action was taken until
799the 26<sup>th</sup> when the Continental Congress appointed a committee <i>"to repair to New York, to consult and
800advise ... respecting the immediate defense of the said city."</i><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
801<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
802<br /></div>
803<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
804<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In late February, Mifflin
805was assigned the responsibility for providing the necessary </span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">transportation of the captured Fort Ticonderoga
806cannons to key Continental Army siege positions around Boston.  On March 2, the Fort Ticonderoga cannons
807began firing on British positions forcing them to scramble deeper into the town
808limits to avoid the shells of the long range cannons.  On March 5, on the orders of
809Commander-in-Chief Washington, Colonel Mifflin led his transport crews</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> in
810their mission to move the heavy Fort Ticonderoga artillery onto Dorchester
811Heights.   </span>This was a strategic
812move that ended Britain's occupation in Boston. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
813<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
814<br /></div>
815<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
816<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John Sullivan
817reported, on March 15<sup>th</sup>, to Delegate John Adams in Philadelphia:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
818<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
819<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
820<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
821<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Sir I had not time on the 15 Inst. to finish
822my Letter and now beg Leave to give you Some further Intelligence viz. on
823Saturday Evening our People took possession of Nook Hill near Boston. They</span></i><i><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">5</span></i><span class="

823apple-converted-space"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Continued a Cannonading all night without hurting
824a Man. In the morning they found the Approaches So near and being Suspicious
825that we were about taking possession of Noddles Island they Embarked Early on
826Sunday morning and fell Down to the Castle. We Saw the Ships under way about 8
827in the morning and the River full of Boats with Armed Soldiers. This gave an
828Alarm as Some Suspected they were about to Land at Dochester but having a full
829view of them with a Glass from Plowed Hill I found they were going on board the
830Ships. I then took my Horse and Rode Down to Charlestown Neck where I had a
831Clear view of Bunkers Hill. I Saw the Sentrys Standing as usual with their
832Firelocks Shouldered but finding they never moved I Soon Suspected what
833Regiment they belonged to and upon taking a Clear view with my Glass found they
834were only Effigies Set there by the flying Enemy. This Convinced me that they
835were Actually fled for if they meant to Decoy us they would have taken away
836Every appearance of Men. By this time I was Joined by Colo. Mifflin who with my
837Brigade Major agreed to go up Sending two persons Round the works to Examine
838whether there was any of them in the Rear of the works while we went up in the
839front. I at the Same time Sent for a Strong party to follow us on to the Hill
840to assist us in Running away (if necessary). We found no persons there and
841bravely Took a fortress Defended by Lifeless Sentries. I then brought on the
842party to Secure what we had So bravely won and went Down to the other works where
843we found all Abandoned but the works not Injured in any part. We hailed the
844ferry Boat which came over and Informed us that they had abandoned the Town. We
845then gave Information to the General who ordered me with the Troops under my
846Command to take possession of Charlestown and General Putnam with 2000 men to
847take possession of the works in Boston and on Monday morning his Excellencey
848Make his Entry into Boston and Repaired to Mr. Hancocks House where we found
849his Furniture Left without Injury or Diminution.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title="">[33]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></span></span></div>
850<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
851<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
852<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%;">
853<div style="text-align: justify;">
854<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Commander-in-Chief Washington reported
855to President John Hancock in a March 19, 1776 letter:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
856</div>
857<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%;">
858<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
859<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
860<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span class="

860apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sir: It
861is with the greatest pleasure I inform you that on Sunday last the 17th.
862Instant, about 9th O'Clock in the forenoon the Ministerial Army evacuated the
863Town of Boston, and that the Forces of the United Colonies are now in actual
864Possession thereof. I beg leave to congratulate you Sir, and the Honorable
865Congress on this happy event, and particularly as it was effected without
866endangering the Lives and property of the remaining unhappy Inhabitants.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title="">[34]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></span></span></div>
867<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
868<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
869<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
870<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sir William Howe's account of the evacuation, in a
871March 21, 1776 letter to the Earl of Dartmouth, reports: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
872<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
873<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
874<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
875<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> On the 2d inst. at night they began a
876cannonade upon the town; the same was repeated on the evening of the 3d and
8774th. On the 5th in the morning it was discovered that the enemy had thrown up
878three very extensive works with strong abatties on the commanding hills on
879Dorchester Neck, which must have been the employment of at least 12,000 men. In
880a situation so critical I determined upon immediate attack; the ardour of the
881troops encouraged me in this hazardous enterprise, and regiments were
882expeditiously embarked on board transports to fall down the harbour; but the
883wind unfortunately coming contrary and blowing very hard the ships were not
884able to get to their destination.…The weather continuing boisterous the next
885day and night gave the enemy time to improve their works, to bring up their
886cannon, and to put themselves into such a state of defense that I could promise
887myself little success by attacking them under such disadvantages; wherefore I
888judged it most advisable to prepare for the evacuation of the town.…This
889operation was effected on the 17th, and all the rear guard embarked at 9
890o'clock in the morning, without the least loss, irregularity or accident</span></i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">."</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
891<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
892<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
893<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
894<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">With
895Boston secured, Colonel Mifflin’s next task was to manage the complex logistics
896of moving Continental Army troops and supplies south to defend New York harbor
897from an invasion of British regulars.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
898<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
899<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
900<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
901<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In
902the summer of 1776, the important port of New York Harbor was limited to lower
903Manhattan Island and it was here that </span><a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">George Washington</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">
904order General Charles Lee to begin the building defenses for the Continental
905Army.  Lee ordered barricades and
906redoubts built in and around the city. 
907He also built along a bastion, called Fort Stirling, on Brooklyn Heights
908from which troops combed Long Island clearing out Loyalist and procuring
909supplies.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
910<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
911<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
912<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
913<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In
914early May, Washington arrived in New York to unfinished works, an undermanned
915army, and troops too concentrated on Manhattan Island. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Washington ordered that several thousand men be moved
916to Long Island and begin the construction of three more forts on eastern side
917of Brooklyn  to support Fort Stirling. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
918<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
919<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
920<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
921<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In
922that same month, Congress considered the promotion of Thomas Mifflin to
923brigadier general.  John Adams led the
924effort writing to Abigail on May 15, 1776:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
925<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
926<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
927<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
928<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">We have been very busily engaged for 4 or 5
929days in procuring Assistance for Boston. Congress has at last voted three
930Additional Battalions for Boston and that the five old ones be filled up, and we
931shall send you a Major General and a Brigadier General—Gates and Mifflin I hope

932but can’t promise.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title="">[35]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
933<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
934<i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
935<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
936<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On
937May 16<sup>th</sup> the Continental Congress elected Horatio Gates a Major General
938and Thomas Mifflin a Brigadier General. 
939The final decision on the appointments, however, rested with George Washington
940and on the 16<sup>th</sup> the five Massachusetts delegates signed a letter informing
941Washington of their preference stating <i>“that
942no officers in the Service would be more agreeable to us”</i> than Gates and
943Mifflin.  Washington agreed<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
944and Mifflin was relieved of his quartermaster duties and assigned to command
945Pennsylvania troops while the army was encamped in New York.   There was dissension on Mifflin’s appointment
946by New England Delegates who believed their colonels were more deserving of the
947promotion. Adams wrote defending Mifflin’s appointment to James Ward.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
948<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
949<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
950<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
951<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">You Speak of a General Mifflin who was young in experience,
952and in the Service. I wish our Massachusetts Collonels, old as they are, had as
953much Activity, and as extensive Capacities and Accomplishments as that young
954General. However he is not so very young. He is old in Merit in the American
955Cause. He has the utmost Spirit and Activity, and the best Education and
956Abilities. He is of one of the best Families and has an handsome Future in his
957Country. He has been long a Member of the Legislature here, and of Congress. He
958was long the most indefatigable and successful Supporter of the American Cause
959in this Province, where it has laboured more than anywhere else. He was the
960prime Conductor, and the Center of Motion to that association, which has
961compleated the Reduction of this Province to the American Union, and has
962infused a martial Spirit into a People who never felt any Thing like it before.
963You can Scarcely name a Man, anywhere who has more Signal Merit.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title="">[37]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
964<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
965<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
966<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
967<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On
968the promotion of Horatio Gates, Adams provides us with an inside look into New
969York politics and his adversary </span><a href="http://www.alexanderhamilton.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Alexander Hamilton. </span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
970<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
971<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
972<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
973<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Horatio Gates Esqr. was elected a Major
974General and Thomas Mifflin Esqr. Brigadier General. I take Notice of this
975Appointment of Gates, because it had great Influence on my future fortunes. It
976soon occasioned a Competition between him and Schuyler, in which I always
977contended for Gates, and as the Rivalry occasioned great Animosities among the
978Friends of the two Generals, the consequences of which are not yet spent.
979Indeed they have affected the Essential Interests of the United States and will
980influence their ultimate Destiny. They effected an Enmity between Gates and </span></i><a href="http://www.johnjay.net/"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Mr. Jay</span></i></a><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">

980 who always supported Schuyler, and a dislike in Gates of
981Hamilton who married Schuylers daughter, with which Mr. Burr wrought so
982skillfully as to turn the Elections in New York not only against Hamilton but
983against the Federalists, and whatever Hamilton may have pretended, I am
984persuaded that the decided part I had acted and the free Speeches I had made in
985Congress against Schuyler and in favour of Gates, had been rankling in
986Hamiltons heart from 1776 till he wrote his Libel against me in 1799. Gates's
987Resentment against Jay, Schuyler and Hamilton made him turn in 1799 against me,
988who had been the best Friend and the most efficacious Supporter he ever had in
989America. I had never in my Life any personal Prejudice or dislike against
990General Schuyler: on the contrary I knew him to [be] industrious, studious and
991intelligent: But the New England Officers, Soldiers and Inhabitants, knew Gates
992in the Camp at Cambridge. Schuyler was not known to many and the few who had
993heard of him were prejudiced against him from the former French War. The New
994England Soldiers would not enlist to serve under him and the Militia would not
995turn out. I was therefore under a Necessity of supporting Gates. Mr. Duane, Mr.
996Jay, Colonel Harrison &c. supported Schuyler. There is no difficulty
997therefore in Accounting for Hamiltons ancient any more than his modern Malice
998against me. <o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
999<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1000<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1001<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1002<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On June 12, 1776, Congress passed a resolution to establish the
1003Board of War. Five delegates of Congress were initially appointed; </span><a href="http://www.johadams.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John Adams</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, Roger
1004Sherman, Benjamin Harrison, James Wilson, and Edward Rutledge.  The Board was assisted by a permanent
1005secretary, Richard Peters. The Board of War began functioning on June 21st,
10061776 assuming the prescribed responsibilities for compiling a master roll of
1007all Continental Army officers; monitoring returns of all troops, arms, and
1008equipment; maintaining correspondence files, and securing prisoners of war.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1009<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1010<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1011<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1012<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On June 29th, the British fleet appeared and by that evening 45
1013British ships were anchored in Lower New York Bay just off Staten Island. By
1014week’s end there were 130 ships and on July 2nd, British troops began to land
1015on Staten Island. The few Continental regulars stationed on the island resisted
1016but they were no match for General Howe’s thousands of British Regulars and
1017they fled the island.  Those who remained
1018in the Staten Island citizen's militia switched over to the British side.  Ships continued to arrive and <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">by mid-August the British fleet numbered over 400
1019ships and 32,000 troops who were all camped on Staten Island.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1020<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1021<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
1022<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1023<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">General Mifflin, in his assessment of his
1024situation to Elbridge Gerry, motivated the delegate to write John Adams:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1025<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1026<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1027<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1028<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The fourth Thing is an Augmentation of the Army
1029at New York. By undoubted Intelligence it is the Intent of the Enemy to aim at
1030taking a Ridge about 12 Miles from Kings Bridge which runs from River to River
1031and thus endeavour to cut of[f] the Communication between the Camp and the
1032eastern Colonies. General Mifflin is of opinion that 5000 Men added to the
103325000 already ordered here will enable the General to possess himself of the
1034Ridge, and I am certain that not a Man less will answer the purpose. It is not
1035worthwhile to starve the Campaign for such an inconsiderable Number, and I am
1036for bringing them from the NE Colonies and letting the Army know that we expect
1037them to beat these Fellows at all Events. I cannot see the Necessity of keeping

1038two Regiments at Rhode Island and am for ordering one of them to this place.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title="">[38]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1039<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1040<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1041<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1042<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Washington, who was promised 28,000 troops,
1043managed to muster fewer than 19,000 troops to defend New York.  The bulk of Continental troops, however, were
1044colonial militiamen that were undisciplined, under armed, and ill trained.  General Mifflin was assigned, along with his
1045three companies, to Fort Washington where they prepared defenses. Major
1046Alexander </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Grayton, who
1047served and did not like General Mifflin recalls:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1048<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1049<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
1050<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1051<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">We were here under the command of General
1052Mifflin, and immediately employed in the construction of that fortress, under
1053the direction of Colonel Putnam, who, as already mentioned, was our principal
1054engineer; and, considering his want of experience, not destitute, perhaps, of
1055merit in his profession.  ... The
1056intelligence proved untrue, if such, indeed, had been received. But it is not
1057improbable that it was merely a contrivance of General Mifflin, to inure us to
1058alarms, and render us alert, objects that, to a certain extent, were not
1059without utility; but the General was a bustler, who harassed us unnecessarily;
1060and, considering the unavoidable severity of our duty, to the real injury of
1061the health of the troops. His manners were better adapted to attract popularity
1062than to preserve it. Highly animated in his appearance, and possessing, in an
1063eminent degree, the talent of haranguing a multitude, his services, in giving motion
1064to the militia, were several times, in the course of the war, felt and
1065acknowledged; but, that he was equally calculated to keep alive military ardour
1066and confidence, cannot be affirmed. He was full of activity, and apparently of
1067fire; but it rather resembled the transient blaze of light combustibles, than
1068the constant steady flame of substantial fuel; though, in saying this, it
1069should be mentioned, that I have no ground to insinuate that his fortitude was
1070not equal to any demand that might have been made upon it. He assumed a little
1071of the veteran, from having lain before Boston; was very fond of telling us
1072that he would bring us into a scrape; and it must be confessed, that he was
1073considerably happy in the display of that apathy to human carnage which is
1074affected by great commanders, in the spirit of which the great Frederick tells
1075us, that, "When sovereigns play for provinces, the lives of men are but as
1076counters." So much 'tis better to direct the game than be a component part
1077of its machinery! But whatever might have been Mifflin's deficiencies, he had
1078many qualifications for his station that too many others, placed in higher
1079ones, wanted.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title="">[39]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1080<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1081<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1082<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1083<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In early August Mifflin took time to write John
1084Adams concerning a soldier who was ordered to his command by Congress:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1085<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1086<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1087<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1088<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Camp at Mount Washington1 August 5th. 1776 Dear Mr. Adams Monsieur
1089Weibert who was orderd by Congress to this Post has requested me to apply in
1090his Behalf to you for Rank and pay in our Army; and has desird me to give you
1091my Opinion of his Conduct and Services. Monsieur Weibert is in my Opinion a
1092Gentleman of much Knowledge in his profession. He has been very, attentive to
1093the perfecting this post and has never absented himself One Hour from his Duty
1094once he arrivd here. Whoever is to command here, while the Works are
1095incompleat, will find Monsieur of infinite Service to him. As a Man of Science
1096and Business I think he is further entitled to the pay of Lieutenant
1097Colonel.  Rank no Doubt is his principal
1098Object. Indeed it is essential to the Service as he cannot otherwise command
1099Captains and Subalterns who Superintend work, or Fatigue, parties. The Rank and
1100pay of Lt Col may not be too great a Reward for his Services. The whole however
1101is submitted to you at his Request to solicit or not as you think proper.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title="">[40]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1102<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1103<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1104<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1105<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On August 22, the British invaded the southwest shore of Long
1106Island, about ten miles south from the East River. On August 27<sup>th</sup> the
1107British feigned a main army attack on the Continental works on the Guan Heights.  During the attack, Howe’s main army circled

1108around the Continental Army’s rear lines and attacked their flank.  All but 400 Maryland troops panicked and
1109fled.   The Maryland long range riflemen
1110stood their ground stalling the British flanking move enabling most of the army
1111to reassemble at Washington’s main defenses on Brooklyn Heights.   The
1112British dug in for a siege surrounding Washington and his Continental forces
1113that were trapped with their backs against the East River.  A bold British Naval maneuver could have
1114easily wiped them out.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1115<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1116<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1117<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1118<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The British siege operations included the digging of trenches that
1119slowly came closer to American defenses. Washington ordered General Thomas
1120Mifflin and his 1,200 man force to cross the East River and join him at Brooklyn
1121Heights.  Upon his arrival, General
1122Mifflin volunteered to inspect the Continental Army’s outer defenses and the
1123British siege preparations on the rainy afternoon of August 28th.   Mifflin assessed the situation while
1124Washington harassed the British siege crews with cannon bombard well into the
1125night.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1126<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1127<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1128<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1129<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">General Mifflin reported back to Washington that evening advising his
1130 position was untenable and retreat
1131across the East River was the best course of action.  Orders went out to General William Heath
1132stationed at Kings Bridge (the Bronx)  to
1133commandeer and send every flat bottomed boat or sloop without delay. At 4:00
1134p.m., on August 29th, Washington held a council with his generals. Mifflin repeated
1135his earlier advice to Washington for a full retreat across the East River to
1136Manhattan.  The generals agreed with
1137Mifflin’s recommendation and the evacuation was ordered.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1138<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1139<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1140<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1141<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin and his two Pennsylvania Regiments were ordered to make up
1142the rear guard, while his Massachusetts regiment, who were mainly sailors and
1143fisherman, were assigned the duty of ferrying troops across the East River into
1144Manhattan. Five hours into retreat there was confusion in orders sent to Thomas
1145Mifflin who remained on the front lines with his men tending to fires and all
1146the other feign duties necessary to mask the Continental Army’s retreat to
1147Manhattan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1148<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1149<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1150<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1151<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">At two o'

1151clock the next morning Scammell, an aid to Washington,
1152came to General Mifflin and told him that the boats were waiting to carry the
1153troops over. Mifflin told him he must be mistaken, that the commander-in-chief
1154could not mean the troops under his command. Scammell assured him that he did,
1155and General Mifflin then ordered Colonel Hand to call in his advance pickets
1156and march to the ferry. Ere long he halted, to take up his camp equipage, when
1157General Mifflin came up and asked him why he had halted. After explaining,
1158General Mifflin exclaimed: "Damn your pots and kettles! I wish the devil
1159had them! March on!" Hand obeyed, but he had not gone far when he met
1160Washington. "Is not this Colonel Hand?" Receiving an affirmative
1161answer, Washington expressed his surprise that he had abandoned his post. He
1162denied that he had done so. <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1163<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1164<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1165<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1166<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">That moment General Mifflin came up and Washington exclaimed:
1167"Good God! General Mifflin; I am afraid you have ruined us by so
1168unseasonably withdrawing the troops from the lines." General Mifflin
1169replied, "I did it by your order." Washington said this could not be.
1170Mifflin swore, "By God, I did," and asked, "Did Scammell act as
1171an aid-de-camp for the day, or did he not?" Washington acknowledged that
1172he did thus act, and then Mifflin told him that he received his orders through
1173Scammell. <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1174<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1175<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1176<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1177<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Washington declared it was a dreadful mistake, that matters were
1178in confusion at the ferry, and that unless Hand could resume his post before
1179the enemy discovered his absence the consequences would be "most
1180disagreeable." Happily this was done, and the retreat was accomplished in
1181safety. By six o'clock on the morning of the 30th the whole army of nine
1182thousand men was safe in New York. Washington with his staff was on horseback
1183all night and never left the ferry steps at Brooklyn until the last soldier had
1184departed.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title="">[41]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span> <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1185<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1186<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1187<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1188<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Upon learning of
1189Thomas Mifflin’s role in the Long Island evacuation, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Joseph
1190Ward wrote John Adams:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1191<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1192<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1193<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1194<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Far be it from me to derogate from the merits of the celebrated
1195General; he has great merit and deserves the esteem of his Country. I believe
1196he fills the rank he now holds with dignity, and that it was wise to appoint
1197him to the command of the Troops of his own State.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title="">[42]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1198<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1199<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1200<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1201<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The British,
1202outsmarted, remained in Long Island until September 15 preparing for an assault
1203on Manhattan.  On that date they landed
1204in force at Kip’s Bay and overran Manhattan with the exception of Harlem
1205Heights.  Samuel Parsons gives this
1206account in a letter to John Adams:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1207<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1208<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1209<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1210<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Before landing at Kip's Bay (about the foot of what is now 34th
1211St.) on 15 Sept., the British laid down a very heavy raking fire from their
1212warships in the East River. When British soldiers debarked from transports,
1213appearing out of the smoke of the naval guns, Connecticut militia under the
1214command of Col. William Douglas fled without firing a shot. Their panic was
1215communicated to Gen. John Fellows' brigade of Massachusetts militia and from
1216them to Gen. Parsons' Connecticut Continental regiments. Gen. Washington, who
1217had ordered Fellows and Parsons to move up to the support of the units
1218stationed along the river, reported later that the two generals did their best
1219to form their men into a holding line but that they could not stop the panic.  The brigade under General Parsons were soon

1220obliged to retire from the waterside, and give ground for the enemy to land.
1221General Mifflin immediately marched from Mount Washington with a thousand men,
1222to the ground near and below this place [Harlem], where he made a stand, threw
1223up some works, rallied our retreating troops, and in an hour after had the
1224principal part of our army (who were stationed below us) drawn up in good order
1225on the heights”<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title="">[43]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1226<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1227<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1228<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1229<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Continental
1230Army Harlem Heights position now under the command of General George Washington,
1231Major General Nathanael Greene, and Major General Israel Putnam, totaled around
12322,000 men. Together, they held their high ground position in Harlem against the
1233advancing 5,000 man British division.   <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">By flanking the superior British forces, Washington’s
1234troops pushed the British back.   The surprised British troops withdrew into
1235lower Manhattan joining Howe’s main force. This proved to be Washington’s first
1236battlefield victory of the war.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1237<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1238<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
1239<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1240<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The
1241British soldiers, who poured into </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">lower Manhattan,
1242where regrouping when a fire broke out at Fighting Cocks Tavern, near Whitehall
1243Slip.  The fire burnt wildly and  destroyed nearly a quarter of buildings on Manhattan
1244Island. <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">British leaders accused the colonial
1245rebels of the treachery.  Royal Governor
1246William Tryon believed that Washington was responsible, writing that <i>"Many circumstances lead to conjecture
1247that Mr. Washington was privy to this villainous act"<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[44]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></i>
1248and that <i>"some officers of his army
1249were found concealed in the city."  </i>The
1250Americans, on the other hand, accused the British of setting the fire in hopes
1251that that the city would be plundered. A Hessian major noted that some who
1252fought the blaze managed to <i>"pay
1253themselves well by plundering other houses nearby that were not on fire."<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[45]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></i>
1254The residents, whose property was either burned or plundered, assumed that one
1255side or the other had started it</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> After the fire, Nathan Hale was executed for spying.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1256<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1257<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1258<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1259<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Meanwhile,
1260Congress was livid over the loss of wagons containing most of the Continental
1261Army's powder, baggage and critical supplies that fell into to the hands of advancing
1262British troops in both Long Island and Manhattan. After a three-day congressional
1263investigation the committee recommended that quartermaster Moylan, who was
1264given the difficult task to protect the British controlled waterways, resign
1265his office. In an effort to restore order and the morale of the soldiers, General
1266Mifflin was re-appointed Quartermaster General by a special resolve of
1267Congress. This new assignment bitterly disappointed Mifflin.  General </span><a href="http://virtualology.com/nathanaelgreene.net"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Nathanael Greene</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></span><span class="

1267apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> despite Mifflin’s heroic actions in Boston, Long Island, and
1268Harlem, </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">emerged as Washington's principal
1269military adviser.  This was a role which
1270Mifflin coveted.</span></span></span></div>
1271<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1272<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1273<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1274<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://georgewashington.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">George
1275Washington</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> did not object to Mifflin's re-assignment
1276and the disgruntled quartermaster assumed the mundane duties of protecting and
1277delivering the supply necessary for the Continental Army to conduct the war.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The Journals of the Continental Congress
1278report:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1279<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1280<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1281<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify;">
1282<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Resolved, That Brigadier General Mifflin be authorized and
1283requested to resume the said office, and that his rank and pay, as brigadier,
1284be still continued to him.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
1285<br />
1286That a committee of three four be appointed to confer with Brigadier General
1287Mifflin: The members chosen, Mr. Richard Henry Lee, Mr. Roger Sherman, Mr. John
1288Adams, and Mr. Elbridge Gerry.”<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title="">[46]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1289<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify;">
1290<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1291<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1292<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In late October,
1293General Mifflin was sent to Philadelphia to report to the Continental Congress
1294on the critical condition of the army.  While
1295Mifflin was in Philadelphia, British General William Howe landed troops in
1296Westchester County, intending to cut off Washington's escape route from New
1297York. Washington retreated out of New York City and onto a hilltop just outside
1298of White Plains, NY.   Unable to hold the

1299high ground, Howe’s forces once again outflanked Washington whose troops were
1300forces into a fighting retreat north of White Plains.  267 British and Hessians were killed, wounded
1301or missing at White Plains but the true numbers on American losses remain
1302uncertain as reports varied wildly, ranging from 150 to 500 being killed,
1303wounded and captured. On November 16, 1776 the Continentals once again engaged
1304the British in New York and lost Fort Washington forcing the battered army’s
1305retreat into New Jersey.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1306<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1307<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1308<div class="cm2" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1309<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">It was a wise
1310move by the Commander-in-Chief to send General Mifflin to rally Philadelphia,
1311as Congress was preparing to take flight to Baltimore. Washington's Continental
1312Army was soon forced south through northern and central New Jersey.  Finally the Continental Army, numbering about
13131000 men, were forced to cross the Delaware into Pennsylvania to avoid annihilation.
1314 It was then that the citizens of
1315Philadelphia began to panic. Business was suspended, schools were closed and
1316agitated Patriots and Tories gathered in the streets. As news of the
1317Continental Army's plight filtered in, roads leading from the city were crowded
1318with refugees all fleeing the city.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1319<div class="cm2" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1320<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1321<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1322<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In the
1323Pennsylvania Statehouse square, a town meeting was called and General Thomas
1324Mifflin addressed the crowd and much of Continental Congress. After listening
1325to his appeals for unity and support, Congress stayed their ground long enough
1326to issue resolutions calling for the militia of Philadelphia and those in the nearest
1327counties to join Washington's beleaguered Army. Congress also sent word to all
1328parts of the country for reinforcements and supplies, and then ordered Mifflin
1329to remain in Philadelphia for consultation and advice. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1330<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1331<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1332<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1333<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin
1334organized and trained three regiments of militia of the city and adjoining
1335neighborhoods, and sent a body of men to Washington. The General also
1336orchestrated the complex re-supply of the Washington's ragged American forces
1337once they reached safety on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River. These
1338Mifflin measures were critical components needed by Washington who forces, even
1339with Mifflin’s fresh Philadelphia recruits, amounted to 2400 men.     <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1340<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1341<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1342<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1343<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In a surprise attack, the Continental Army led by George Washington crossed</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">the Delaware River and attacked
1344the winter quarters of a brigade composed primarily of German troops from
1345Hesse-Kassel in Trenton, New Jersey on December 26<sup>th</sup>. The Hessian
1346brigade, under the command of Colonel Johann Rall, was defeated and he died of
1347wounds sustained in the battle.  The
1348Hessian forces suffered 22 fatalities, 83 serious injuries, and 896 captures.
1349The Americans suffered only two fatalities and five injuries from war wounds.  Further to the south Washington’s plan to
1350surprise  and capture more British forces
1351was foiled by ice:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1352<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1353<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1354<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1355<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Washington ordered General Cadwalader with his brigade to cross
1356the river at Dunk's Ferry, and advance on the enemy under Count Donop at Mount
1357Holly, Bordentown, Burlington and Black Horse, while General Ewing in command
1358of the Flying Camp and New Jersey militia was to cross at Trenton landing, and
1359prevent the Hessians in Trenton under Colonel Rahl from joining Colonel Donop.
1360Washington himself crossed above Trenton, moved down on the other side and
1361gained an important victory, taking nearly all of the Hessians prisoners.
1362Colonel Hand's regiment participated in this action, and likewise Captain
1363Forrest's company of Procter's Pennslvania Artillery with six pieces. The ice
1364in the river prevented Cadwalader and Ewing from executing their part of the
1365plan. Consequently Count Donop with the detachments farther down the river
1366escaped to Princeton. "Otherwise," says Wilkinson, "these German
1367cantonments would have been swept."

1367 General Cadwalader crossed near
1368Bristol on the 27th and took a position at Crosswicks, "whilst a similar
1369number," so Wilkinson says, "drawn by General Mifflin from the city
1370and adjacent counties crossed at various places and rendezvoused at Bordentown
1371about the same time."<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title="">[47]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1372<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1373<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1374<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1375<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">General Mifflin
1376and his Philadelphia Associators met up with Washington just outside of Trenton.  Here the General fought with Washington and repulsed
1377a British attack at Assunpink Creek in Trenton. That night Washington held a
1378council of war. The Commander-in-Chief, at the suggestion of General </span><a href="http://arthurstclair.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Arthur St. Clair</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, decided to evacuate their Trenton position by circling around
1379General Lord Cornwallis' forces and mounting an attack against the British garrison
1380at Princeton. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1381<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1382<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1383<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1384<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The advanced Continental
1385troops, under the command of Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, numbered 350 and clashed
1386with two British regiments under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles
1387Mawhood.  General Mercer’s horse was shot
1388out from underneath him and he was quickly surrounded by British regulars
1389because his men were overrun. Mercer, an old French and Indian War veteran,
1390refused to surrender and was slashed repeatedly by numerous British
1391soldiers.  Earlier, Washington had ordered
1392the militia under Brigadier General John Cadwalader to support Mercer advance
1393into Princeton.  When they came upon the
1394flight of Mercer's men the militia turned in full retreat. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1395<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1396<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1397<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;">
1398<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxGkNBdHZEOKTJTo-Bp1NzOzj4LG1uevd04lMHWZvG4lJZsg1gX3PVU93TFOZ0KPTGgX3bZ6ezyf0pPNL5FFrZw-H8QJaeOOXCZ4MVXZVnsdttTq0Gt65t7ApsTQum4Bd6gKaCPCSQ5-Yw/s1600/Mifflin+Battle+of+Princeton.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxGkNBdHZEOKTJTo-Bp1NzOzj4LG1uevd04lMHWZvG4lJZsg1gX3PVU93TFOZ0KPTGgX3bZ6ezyf0pPNL5FFrZw-H8QJaeOOXCZ4MVXZVnsdttTq0Gt65t7ApsTQum4Bd6gKaCPCSQ5-Yw/s640/Mifflin+Battle+of+Princeton.jpeg" title="Battle of princeton - www.thomasmifflin.com" width="640" /></a></div>
1399<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
1400<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1401<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1402<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1403<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1404<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Washington with
1405his Continental forces finally reached the engagement and rallied the fleeing
1406militia to counter attack the British troops. A surprised Colonel Mawhood was
1407force to order a retreat and most of his British Regulars fled to Cornwallis’
1408lines in Trenton. Brigadier General John Sullivan forces cut off retreating British

1409troops who took refuge in Princeton’s Nassau Hall.  It was here the British surrendered ending
1410the battle. Cornwallis, who now had intelligence of Washington’s action in
1411Princeton, was on the move to engage the Continental Forces in Princeton. Americans,
1412who were wary of the superior British Army in their rear, quickly gathered
1413weapons from the battlefield and commandeered abandoned British supply wagons.   General Mercer, who was found mortally
1414wounded on the battlefield was taken to a field hospital and died nine days
1415later despite the best efforts of Dr. Benjamin Rush.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1416<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1417<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1418<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1419<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In planning his
1420next move, Washington received intelligence that a British pay chest of 70,000
1421pounds was stored in New Brunswick, and he wanted to move north to capture the
1422badly needed money.  Major Generals Henry
1423Knox and Nathanael Greene advised against the maneuver and Washington moved his
1424army first to the Somerset Courthouse and then to Morristown where he established
1425a winter quarters in its hills.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1426<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1427<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1428<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1429<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The battle at
1430Princeton was Thomas Mifflin’s last major action in the 1776 campaign. One
1431month later, during the week of February 17<sup>th</sup>, the Continental Congress
1432debated at length on the rules that should govern the promotion of general
1433officers.  The three areas of
1434consideration were 1) Promotions following strict succession;   2) Promotions
1435on merit; and 3) Promotions that met quotas for the states according to the
1436number of troops raised by each.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1437<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1438<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1439<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1440<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The debates were
1441cantankerous as all three principles were taken into account by delegates who
1442ardently favored one over another.   During that week, five men were raised to the rank
1443of major general: William Alexander (Lord Stirling), Thomas Mifflin, </span><a href="http://arthurstclair.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Arthur St. Clair</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, Adam Stephen, and Benjamin Lincoln. Nine men were made brigadier
1444generals: Enoch Poor, John Glover, John Paterson, Anthony Wayne, James M.
1445Varnum, John P. De Haas, William Woodford, Peter Muhlenberg, and George Weedon.
1446 <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1447<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1448<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1449<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1450<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The new major
1451generals, including Thomas Mifflin, were promoted ahead of men who had earned earlier
1452commissions as brigadiers. Benjamin Lincoln, a general in the Massachusetts
1453militia, had no Continental commission and Brigadier General </span><a href="http://benedictarnold.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Benedict Arnold</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, a Connecticut native, particularly felt the sting of being
1454bypassed.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1455<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1456<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1457<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1458<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In March, </span><a href="

1458http://johnadams.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John Adams</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> wrote
1459John Avery of Mifflin’s assurances as quartermaster general:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1460<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1461<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1462<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1463<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Hopes you give me, that our Quota will be ready in a few Weeks
1464rejoices me much. We want nothing but an Army, now in the Field to answer our
1465Purpose. I had this Morning the Pleasure of a Conversation with Major General
1466Mifflin who assures me that he has Tents of the very best Quality, compleatly
1467ready for an Army of 20,000 Men to take the Field, and that in three Weeks he
1468shall have enough compleated for 10,000 more, that he has entrenching Tools
1469enough compleated for the whole Army the whole Campaign. That he has Camp
1470Kettles and Canteens enough—and that he has Horses, Waggons and Magazines of
1471Forage ready, So that this Department, which was last Year in So much Disorder,
1472which occasioned Us such Losses, of Men, Baggage and Stores is now in a good
1473Arrangement, and promises, more Comfort to the Army.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title="">[48]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1474<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1475<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1476<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1477<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">By early April,
1478due to the expanding war theater, <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The Board of
1479War came to realization that they could not keep pace with the volume of work.  The Board recommended that the Continental
1480Congress create a permanent administrative body to coordinate and conduct the
1481war with Washington and his generals. 
1482Thomas Mifflin was a major supporter of this reorganization.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1483<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1484<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
1485<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1486<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The
1487popularity of General Mifflin in his home state of Pennsylvania had now
1488extended into all the States.  In 1776 the
1489<i>General Thomas Mifflin Privateer</i>, was
1490commissioned in his honor and it was piloted by Captain Daniel McNeill.  Within one year, the <i>General Thomas Mifflin’s</i> war exploits against the British were
1491remarkable to the extent that the French Navy exchanged of salutes with Captain
1492McNeill at Brest, in the summer of 1777. 
1493This naval signaling with the <i>General
1494Thomas Mifflin</i> attributed France’s recognition of U.S. Sovereignty<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> well
1495before the enactment of the Franco-American treaties.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1496<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1497<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1498<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1499<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">All throughout
1500the summer of 1777 British General William Howe attempted to draw </span><a href="http://georgewashington.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">George Washington</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> and the Continental Army into a battle in northern New Jersey.   By June, intelligence reported that Howe,
1501instead of meeting up with Burgoyne in the Hudson River Valley was preparing to
1502invade Philadelphia.  John Adams wrote
1503Abigail:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1504<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1505<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1506<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1507<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">This Week has produced an happy Reconciliation between the two
1508Parties in this City and Commonwealth, the Friends of the new Constitution and
1509those who wish for Amendments in it. . . .Mifflin invited the People to
1510assemble in the State House Yard, at the Desire of General Washington, who sent
1511them an Account that the Motions of the Enemy indicated an intention to begin
1512an Expedition, and that every Appearance intimated this City to be their
1513Object.  Mifflin made an Harrangue, in
1514which he applauded the Exertions of the Citizens last December, ascribed the
1515successes of Trenton and Princeton to their Behaviour and exhorted them to the
1516same Spirit, Unanimity and Firmness, upon this occasion. Advised them to choose

1517their Officers, under the new Militia Law and meet him in the common on Fryday.
1518The Citizens by loud shouts and Huzzas, promised him to turn out, and
1519accordingly, they met him in great Numbers Yesterday. Mean Time, Generals
1520Armstrong, Mifflin and Reed, waited on the Assembly, to interceed with them, to
1521gratify those who wished Amendments in the Constitution with an Appeal to the
1522People.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title="">[50]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1523<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1524<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1525<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1526<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
1527<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
1528<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
1529<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Meanwhile, in
1530the northern theater, with British General John Burgoyne and a powerful army on
1531the march south from Canada, Congress had directed Major General St. Clair to
1532defend this critical American fortress on Lake Champlain: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1533<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1534<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1535<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1536<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Congress having received Intelligence of the approach of the
1537Enemy towards Ticonderoga, have thought proper to direct you to repair thither
1538without delay. I have it therefore in Charge to transmit the enclosed Resolve [not
1539included], and direct that you immediately set out on the receipt hereof.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title="">[51]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1540<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1541<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1542<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1543<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The Americans
1544had held the fort since May 1775 when Ethan Allen and </span><a href="http://benedictarnold.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Benedict Arnold</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> carried out their daring and famous raid. The victory, one of the

1545few enjoyed by the Continentals in the early stages of the war, had as much
1546psychological as strategic importance. To possibly lose Fort Ticonderoga to the
1547British just two years later was an unappetizing prospect to Congress and all
1548the people of the United States. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1549<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1550<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1551<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1552<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">General St.
1553Clair's prospects did not look bright. He took command of the garrison's 2,500
1554ragged troops on June 12th. Burgoyne's much stronger and well-disciplined force
1555of over 7,000 British and Hessian troops attacked from the west via Mount Hope
1556and from the east across Lake Champlain. Sensing he was about to be surrounded,
1557St. Clair made the difficult decision to abandon the fort on July 5th and
1558retreat southward. Not even a month into his command, St. Clair was forced to
1559surrender America's most prized fortress. </span></span></div>
1560<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1561<br /></div>
1562<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1563<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In a strange
1564twist of fate, news of the fort’s easy capitulation convinced General William
1565Howe that Burgoyne's force could manage without his assistance, and Howe turned
1566his attention to Philadelphia instead of moving up the Hudson to link up with
1567Burgoyne and St. Leger. Even George III got carried away when he learned of St.
1568Clair's retreat, shouting <i>"I have
1569beat them! I have beat all the Americans!"</i> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title="">[52]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1570<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1571<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
1572<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1573<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> In August General Howe embarked his army on
1574transports and landed them at the northern end of Chesapeake Bay near Elkton
1575Maryland. Marching north towards Philadelphia the well-fortified British
1576regulars easily routed light American forces in several skirmishes.  Washington was forced to defend Philadelphia and
1577positioned the Continental Army behind Brandywine Creek. While General Wilhelm
1578von Knyphausen and his 5,000 troops prepared to attack Washington at the Chadds
1579Ford crossing, Howe secretly marched 15,000 troops further north and crossed
1580the Brandywine beyond Washington's right flank. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1581<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1582<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1583<div class="cm80" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1584<div style="font-size: 15px;">
1585<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Once again, poor
1586intelligence resulted in Howe’s column surprising the Continental Army’s in
1587rear of their right flank.  Washington
1588ordered three divisions to stall 15,000 the British-Hessian regulars force near
1589a Quaker meeting house.  After an arduous
1590fight, Howe's wing broke through the newly-formed American right wing and General
1591Knyphausen attacked Chadds Ford and crumpled the American left wing.
1592Washington's army went into full retreat. 
1593It was elements of Nathanael Greene's division that held off Howe's
1594column long enough for Washington’s army to escape to the northeast. The defeat
1595and subsequent maneuvers enabled the British to captured Philadelphia on
1596September 26<sup>th</sup>.  </span></span></div>
1597<div style="font-size: 15px;">
1598<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></div>
1599<div class="cm80" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.5px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
1600</div>
1601<br />
1602<div class="cm80" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
1603<div style="font-size: 15px; margin: 0px;">
1604<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1605<div style="font-size: 15px; margin: 0px;">
1606<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Continental Congress, learning of the rout fled first to Lancaster, and then to York-town, Pennsylvania where the Subsequent provided a natural barrier to another British offensive.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1607<div style="font-size: 15px; margin: 0px;">
1608<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1609<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
1610<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJbrfiAistgChpoyVMxcih2uqUBk6toySJv4jPY37-3sja2uYxqBW53F0yqFlfq46bZ_-D2vcSSGSssb6QhZbv6_uDqjJfQsAX3IqZFAg2WVOcSzyEjp4v-R9hXh87d0OOwE3LrU0uG5zd/s1600/NCHC+Citizenship+PITP+Fort+Mifflin+DOI.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="562" data-original-width="1018" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJbrfiAistgChpoyVMxcih2uqUBk6toySJv4jPY37-3sja2uYxqBW53F0yqFlfq46bZ_-D2vcSSGSssb6QhZbv6_uDqjJfQsAX3IqZFAg2WVOcSzyEjp4v-R9hXh87d0OOwE3LrU0uG5zd/s640/NCHC+Citizenship+PITP+Fort+Mifflin+DOI.png" title="National Collegiate Honor’s Council Partners in the Park Class of 2017 students at Fort Mifflin hold up a printing of the Declaration of Independence.  On January 18th, 1777, after victories at Trenton and Princeton, John Hancock's Congress ordered a true copy of the Declaration of Independence printed complete with the names of all the sign­ers. Mary Katherine Goddard, a Baltimore Postmaster, Printer and publisher, was given the original engrossed copy of the Declaration to set the type in her shop. A copy of the Goddard printing was ordered to be sent to each state so the people would know the names of the signers - – For more information visit our National Park and NCHC Partners in the Park Class of 2017 website" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
1611<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
1612<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.nchchonors.org/events/partners-in-the-parks">National
1613Collegiate Honor’s Council Partners in the Park</a> <a href="http://www.historic.us/p/nchc-partners-in-park.html">Class of 2017</a> students
1614at <a href="http://www.fortmifflin.us/" target="_blank">Fort Mifflin</a> holding up a printing of the  <a href="http://www.declarationofindependence.info/" target="_blank">Declaration of Independence</a> Goddard Broadside. On January 18th, 1777, after victories at
1615Trenton and Princeton, <a href="http://www.johnhancock.org/" target="_blank">John Hancock's Congress</a> ordered a true copy of the
1616Declaration of Independence printed complete with the names of all the
1617sign­ers. Mary Katherine Goddard, a Baltimore Postmaster, Printer and
1618publisher, was given the original engrossed copy of the Declaration to set the
1619type in her shop. A copy of the Goddard printing was ordered to be sent to each
1620state so the people would know the names of the signers.  – For more
1621information visit our <a href="http://www.historic.us/p/nchc-partners-in-park.html">National Park and </a><a href="http://www.historic.us/p/nchc-partners-in-park.html">NCHC</a><a href="http://www.historic.us/p/nchc-partners-in-park.html"> Partners in the
1622Park Class of 2017 website</a></span></blockquote>
1623</td></tr>
1624</tbody></table>
1625<div style="font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">
1626<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18.6667px;"> After General Sir William Howe's British-Hessian army occupied Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 26, 1777, it became necessary to supply his troops. </span><a href="http://www.fortmifflin.us/" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;" target="_blank">Fort Mifflin</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18.6667px;"> on Mud Island in the middle of the Delaware and Fort Mercer at Red Bank, New Jersey, together with river obstructions and a small flotilla under Commodore John Hazelwood prevented the Royal Navy from shipping provisions into the city. With Philadelphia effectively blockaded by the Americans, the Howe brothers were forced to lay siege to Fort Mifflin in order to clear the river. A Hessian attempt to storm Fort Mercer failed with heavy losses on October 22 in the Battle of Red Bank. Two British warships which had run aground near Mud Island were destroyed the next day. General George Washington reinforced Fort Mifflin throughout the siege, but the garrison never numbered more than 500 men. After a few setbacks, the British finally assembled enough artillery and warships to bring Fort Mifflin under an intense bombardment beginning on November 10. No longer able to reply to the British bombardment, Thayer ordered the survivors to row across to New Jersey in the night and left the flag flying.  </span></div>
1627<div style="font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">
1628<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
1629<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
1630<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihWU-YGPUTVGVpXLSirzwk-pGvAwhgqZgs6SyxsYhxKlq8MwTNmGEhWJyZuB0F-ixENPl1SZFNia4-5kFm3

1630Xhz96xjVXbHyCHXXVrEHoRYmzTpsn0tFrUBwtbwVlYXEqsoKQ7R9ZuRZJn4/s1600/NCHC+Citizenship+PITP_Page_06.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihWU-YGPUTVGVpXLSirzwk-pGvAwhgqZgs6SyxsYhxKlq8MwTNmGEhWJyZuB0F-ixENPl1SZFNia4-5kFm3Xhz96xjVXbHyCHXXVrEHoRYmzTpsn0tFrUBwtbwVlYXEqsoKQ7R9ZuRZJn4/s640/NCHC+Citizenship+PITP_Page_06.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
1631<tr><td class="tr-caption"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
1632<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.nchchonors.org/events/partners-in-the-parks">National Collegiate Honor’s Council Partners in the Park</a> <a href="http://www.historic.us/p/nchc-partners-in-park.html">Class of 2017</a> students at <a href="http://www.fortmifflin.us/">Fort Mifflin</a>'s Barracks, where the stayed for the PITP session from January 1 - 7, 2017. Heat was supplied by fireplace and undersized kerosene heaters. – For more information visit our <a href="http://www.historic.us/p/nchc-partners-in-park.html">National Park and </a><a href="http://www.historic.us/p/nchc-partners-in-park.html">NCHC</a><a href="http://www.historic.us/p/nchc-partners-in-park.html"> Partners in the Park Class of 2017 website</a></span></blockquote>
1633</td></tr>
1634</tbody></table>
1635<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
1636<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNuQXOvjw6CBGkzzMSBKbwTKtVz7Kp

1636dYD0Gbm8WjPjbeloPD_zQ7cLH6zvWahkwuXP2sWeMm1FFZKiM27vWy4qEMEnm4a5-yOBZjFnQyoqPMLOx9bjyyRdIzgh_jeljYPCJRQzOSKGLEBB/s1600/NCHC+Citizenship+PITP_Page_24.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNuQXOvjw6CBGkzzMSBKbwTKtVz7KpdYD0Gbm8WjPjbeloPD_zQ7cLH6zvWahkwuXP2sWeMm1FFZKiM27vWy4qEMEnm4a5-yOBZjFnQyoqPMLOx9bjyyRdIzgh_jeljYPCJRQzOSKGLEBB/s640/NCHC+Citizenship+PITP_Page_24.png" title="National Collegiate Honor’s Council Partners in the Park Class of 2017 students at Fort Mifflin's Barracks, where the stayed for the PITP session from January 1 - 7, 2017. Heat was supplied by fireplace and undersized kerosene heaters." width="640" /></a></div>
1637<div style="font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">
1638<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;">The namesake of the Fort Mifflin,
1639who was trying to manage logistical workload caused by 1777 expansion of the
1640Continental Army, was overwhelmed with disgust at the loss of his estate and
1641hometown of Philadelphia to the British occupation. Congress, earlier that year, had approved
1642a new Quartermaster's Department to conduct the ever expanding war.  Mifflin had not fully implemented the reforms
1643and changes before Philadelphia fell. 
1644He, along with all the supporting governmental bodies, was forced to
1645flee the city during the British occupation. 
1646Dispirited, critical of Nathanael Greene, and falling out of favor with
1647Washington, Thomas Mifflin resigned as quartermaster on October 8, 1777
1648claiming ill health.  Mifflin then retired
1649to his 1200 acre farm in Reading, Pennsylvania and awaited the decision of
1650Congress on his resignation.</span></div>
1651</div>
1652</div>
1653<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1654<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1655<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1656<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On October 17,
16571777, Congress approved a plan to reorganize the Board of War consisting of
1658three permanent members, men who were not members of Congress, plus a clerical
1659staff.  Congress greatly expanded the
1660board's duties to include the supervising of military recruitment and production
1661military armaments to conduct the war. The Board was designated as the official
1662intermediary in dealing with the Army and the 13 states on military affairs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1663<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1664<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1665<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1666<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On October 20,
16671777 Congress received the news that General Burgoyne was defeated at Saratoga
1668and surrendered to General Horatio Gates.  On October 21<sup>st</sup> with the news of
1669Gates victory at Saratoga Benjamin Rush wrote John Adams. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1670<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1671<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1672<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1673<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">My dear friend, I fear you will class me with the weeping
1674philosophers of antiquity, but I cannot help it. He who can be happy while his
1675country is wasting her blood, and treasure to no purpose must be more or less
1676than a man. General Gates' unparalled success gave me great pleasure, but it
1677has not obliterated the remembrance of the disorders I have seen in the army in
1678this department. On the contrary I am more convinced than ever of the necessity
1679of discipline and System in the management of our Affairs. I have heard several
1680Officers who have served under General Gates compare his Army to a well
1681regulated family. The same Gentlemen have compared Genl. Washington's imitation
1682of an Army to an unformed mob. Look at the Characters of both! The one on the
1683pinnacle of military glory—exulting in the Success of Schemes planned with
1684wisdom, and executed with vigor  and
1685bravery—and above all see a country saved by their exertions. See the Other out
1686generaled and twice beated—obliged to witness the march of a body of men only
1687half their number thro' 140 miles of a thick settled country—forced to give up
1688a city the capital of a state and After all outwitted by the same Army in a retreat.
1689If our Congress can witness these things with composure, and suffer them to
1690pass without an enquiry I shall think we have not Shook off monarchical
1691prejudices, and that like the Israelites of old we worship the work of our
1692hands.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1693<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1694<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1695<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1696<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In the British army Pickets are relieved once or twice every day,
1697and guards every two hours. In Genl. Washington's Army it is no uncommon thing
1698for pickets to remain five days and guards 24 hours without a relief and
1699destitute at the same time of provisions except such as they plunder or buy
1700with their own money. This negligence is a fruitful Source of diseases in our
1701Army.  In the British Army hospitals are
1702never without Guards. In G W's Army Guards which might save the lives of
1703hundreds are used to parade before the doors of our major Generals. One of them
1704had no less than a Sergant and 18 men to guard himself, and his baggage thr'o
1705this town.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1706<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1707<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1708<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1709<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">There are nearly as many Officers as men in our Army. Every

1710Regiment has a Surgeon with one or two mates. Each of these (Officers—Surgeons
1711and mates) has a Servant drawn from the ranks to attend them who is always
1712exempted on this Account from camp and field duty. I have been told the General
1713has forbidden it a hundred times in General Orders—But the evil continues—and
1714no wonder for Officers ride up to his Quarters with Soldiers behind them in the
1715capacity of Servants. Some of the martinets in my department have trod in their
1716footsteps. But I believe I have at the expence of the friendship of many of
1717them put a stop to the evil. Who ever heard of an Army being disciplined by
1718Orderly books? You might  as well think
1719of conquering an enemy by writing letters at him.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1720<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1721<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1722<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1723<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Dont tell me that our Army has driven Howe out of Philadelphia.
1724Gates has saved Pensylvania in the State of New York just as much of [as] Pitt
1725conquered America in Germany. I have no Objection to our country's being
1726delivered by a miracle provided we could secure perpetuity of them. I have
1727never heard of but one city whose walls fell down at the blowing of a ram's
1728horn. Military Skill—industry and bravery are the ordinary weapons made use off
1729for that purpose. God alone I know must save us at last, but I wish for the
1730future honor and, safety of our country he may do it thr'o the instrumentality
1731of human Wisdom and human Virtue. A peace just now would leave us without
1732Generals—Officers or Soldiers in the middle and Southern states, and if our
1733deliverance is now accomplished, it has been effected thr'o the instrumentality
1734of ignorance, idleness, and blunders</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>“A great and good God (says Genl. Conway in
1735a letter to a friend) has decreed that America shall be free, or and weak
1736counsellors would have ruined her long ago.”</i>   …  <i>Should not General Washington immediately
1737demand the enlargement of Gen. Lee's person upon parole within Howe's lines? What
1738honors, or marks of gratitude will you confer on Gates—Lincoln &c. Suppose
1739you introduce a constellation to be worn on the breast containing 13 stars as a
1740reward for military exploits?  But
1741nothing but heaven can ever repay them for the Services they have rendered
1742their country. God bless you!     PS:
1743…  Genl Mifflin must not be suffered to resign
1744his command in the Army. If he is—you will soon receive a hundred others.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title="">[53]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></span></div>
1745<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1746<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
1747<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1748<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
1749<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb-E-HToOFPeSGlhoQo7IkxTFda7B97wBvlgvq807AvsSIXai-DWxqxBzJfJWli_CCKoyyIrYbdMON5zgYWmC4s3-JEBDzPuEtQez6_CiRxPx7XuGB5GQclhfWhmmwxo4CZCCxmYeCwmde/s1600/Gates+Saratoga.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="678" data-original-width="1023" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb-E-HToOFPeSGlhoQo7IkxTFda7B97wBvlgvq807AvsSIXai-DWxqxBzJfJWli_CCKoyyIrYbdMON5zgYWmC4s3-JEBDzPuEtQez6_CiRxPx7XuGB5GQclhfWhmmwxo4CZCCxmYeCwmde/s640/Gates+Saratoga.jpg" title="

1749Artist: John Trumbull  (1756–1843)   Title: Surrender of General Burgoyne to General Horatio Gates." width="640" /></a></div>
1750<div style="text-align: center;">
1751<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1752<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
1753<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">With Gates’
1754victory over Burgoyne the stage was now set for Washington detractors, which
1755now included Major general Mifflin, to replace him as Commander-in-Chief.  On October 27<sup>th</sup> Rush again wrote
1756Adams:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1757<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1758<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1759<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1760<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">You know already my Opinion of the cause of the misfortunes which
1761have befallen our troops, and that I have always ascribed them to Other sources
1762than the negligence of Officers, or the Wickedness of Commissaries and Quarter
1763masters General. Characters appear in One age, and are only to be known in
1764Another. General CONWAY who was the nerves—MIFFLIN who was the Spirit—and LEE
1765who was the Soul of our Army have all been banished from Head Quarters. The
1766last has been most unjustly condemned by a Court Martial for saving our Army at
1767Monmouth on the 28 of last June.3 Genl. Washington was his accuser.4 The
1768congress I believe disapprove of the Sentence, but are so much </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Afraid of the workmanship of their own hands that they are afraid
1769to reverse it. I blush for my Country when I tell you that several members of
1770congress leave the house when the Affair is bro't on the carpet.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title="">[54]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1771<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1772<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
1773<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1774<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John Adams, along
1775with the other delegates, was not only in the throes of war but in a heated
1776debate over the finalization of the </span><a href="http://www.articlesofconfederation.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Articles of Confederation</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">.  Additionally, the day
1777after Benjamin Rush wrote Adams, </span><a href="http://johnhancock.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">John
1778Hancock</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> resigned from the Presidency. John Adams, the leader of
1779the powerful Adams-Lee Coalition,<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
1780decided to back </span><a href="http://francislightfootlee.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Francis
1781Lightfoot Lee</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> as Hancock's successor. </span><a href="http://www.henrylaurens.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Henry Laurens</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, a
1782merchant delegate from South Carolina who had emerged as a non-partisan leader
1783in the drafting of the </span><a href="http://www.articlesofconfederation.com/"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Constitution of 1777</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, did
1784not support the Virginian’s nomination. 
1785Instead, through an October 15<sup>th</sup>, 1777 motion, Laurens
1786lobbied the Continental Congress Delegates to grant Hancock his earlier request
1787for a two month leave of absence:   <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1788<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1789<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1790<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1791<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Our
1792President gave notice yesterday of his purpose to quit the Chair & Congress
1793next week. I moved the House to intreat
1794& solicit his continuance, to my surprise I was seconded & no more.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title="">[56]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span>
1795<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1796<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1797<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1798<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1799<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Laurens measure was tabled
1800and Hancock on October 29th vacated the Presidency. Secretary </span><a href="http://charlesthomson.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Charles Thomson</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">
1801assumed the chair that same afternoon to continue the debate on the </span><a href="http://articlesofconfederation.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Articles of Confederation</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">.  Three days later, to Laurens astonishment,
1802the chair nominated him to be the President of the Continental Congress.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1803<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1804<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1805<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1806<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On November 1<sup>st</sup>,
18071777 the vote was taken and with unanimous approval Laurens became the Second<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
1808President of the <u>United States</u> Continental Congress (</span><a href="http://peytonrandolph.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Peyton Randolph</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> and
1809</span><a href="http://henrymiddleton.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Henry Middleton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">
1810were presidents of the <u>United Colonies</u> Continental Congress). This was a
1811high tribute because Laurens was a freshman delegate and not a signer of the </span><a href="http://thedeclarationofindependence.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Declaration of Independence</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">. 
1812His character, independent thinking and merchant’s no nonsense approach to the
1813constitutional debates so impressed the Delegates that he became the leading
1814nominee.  It was widely believed that
1815Laurens could lead this fledgling nation to complete the first constitution of
1816the United States and win the war with Great Britain. Delegate Roberdeau wrote:
1817<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1818<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1819<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1820<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1821<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Henry Laurens, Vice President of South
1822Carolina, a worthy, sensible, indefatigable Gentleman, was this day chosen by a

1823unanimous vote, except his own, President of Congress. <a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[58]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
1824</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1825<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1826<br /></div>
1827<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1828<br /></div>
1829<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1830<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On November 1,
18311777 the new President, Henry Laurens, issued a Thanksgiving Day
1832Proclamation.  President Laurens next
1833major order of business occurred on November 7, 1777, when the Continental
1834Congress resolved:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1835<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1836<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1837<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1838<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Whereas, Major General Mifflin, by his letter of the 8th day of
1839October last, has requested leave to resign his commissions of major general,
1840and quarter master general in the army, on account of his ill state of health:<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1841<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1842<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1843<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1844<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Resolved, That General Mifflin's resignation of his commission of
1845quarter master general be accepted, but that his rank and commission of major
1846general be continued to him, without the pay annexed to that office, until
1847farther order of Congress.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1848<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1849<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Congress proceeded to the election of a Board of War, and the
1850ballots being taken,<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1851<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1852<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1853<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1854<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">General Mifflin, Colonel Timothy Pickering, and Colonel Robert H.
1855Harrison, were elected.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title="">[59]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1856<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1857<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1858<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1859<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Also on November 7<sup>th</sup>
1860John and Samuel Adams were voted a
1861“leave of absence to visit their families.”  Although the Board of War measure was now
1862behind them the delegates remained in York for three more days resuming the work
1863on finalizing the Articles of Confederation. 
1864On November 10<sup>th</sup> John Adams left York traveling first to
1865Lancaster and then to Thomas Mifflin’s farm in Reading where he spent the
1866night.  At Reading John Adams paid Mifflin <i>“92 dollars in Behalf of Mr. Hiltsheimer ... for keeping one Horse to
1867the 11. Aug. and another to the 19. Septr.”<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[60]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
1868</i> There is no doubt the conversation
1869between the two founders was over the Board of War and the northern army’s
1870victory at Saratoga.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1871<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1872<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
1873<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1874<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On November 15<sup>th</sup>,
18751777, without much further debate the Articles of Confederation was passed by
1876Congress.  The Perpetual Union of the
1877United States of America was now in the womb of nations.  Its birth, however, required its ratification
1878by all 13 States and this would not be realized until March 1, 1781 under </span><a href="http://samuelhuntington.org/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">President Huntington</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">.  Henry Laurens would sign the document, not as
1879President of the Continental Congress, but as a delegate from South Carolina
1880when South Carolina formally ratified the Articles of Confederation on July 9,
18811778.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1882<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1883<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1884<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1885<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Upon learning of
1886his appointment, Thomas Mifflin accepted the position and set off for York
1887where he began to lobby Congress to expand the Board and appoint Horatio Gates
1888as its President.  On November 24<sup>th</sup>
1889the Journals of Congress state:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1890<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1891<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1892<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1893<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Board of War reported, "That they have had a conference
1894with General Mifflin on the late establishment made by Congress for conducting
1895the war department, and are unanimously of opinion, that a sufficient number of
1896commissioners have not been appointed for giving due weight to the execution of
1897the regulations which may be recommended by the Board, and adopted by Congress,
1898and particularly for enabling one of the board of commissioners to visit, from
1899time to time, the different armies, posts, or garrisons, in order to see that
1900the regulations adopted by Congress are carried into execution, and to examine
1901what are the wants of the army, and what defects or abuses prevail, from time
1902to time, in the different departments;" <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1903<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1904<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1905<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1906<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Whereupon, That it would further greatly tend to facilitate the
1907Business of the Department, especially at the commencement of the new
1908Establishment, Prio Qu. to secure the Continuation of the Services of the
1909Secretary of the late Board of War, who in their opinion has discharged the
1910Duties of an arduous and complicated Department in its infant Stage, with
1911Honour to himself, and much Disinterestedness, and with Fidelity and advantage
1912to the Public.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1913<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1914<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1915<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1916<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Board further beg leave to represent that General Mifflin has
1917expressed a warm Solicitude that Major General Gates should be appointed
1918President of this Board, from a Conviction that his Military Skill would
1919suggest Reformations in the different Departments of the Army essential to good
1920Discipline, Order and Economy, and that his Character and Popularity in the
1921Army would facilitate the execution of such Reformations when adopted by
1922Congress; a Task in the opinion of this Committee more arduous and important,
1923than the formation of any new Establishment, however wise it may be in Theory!
1924On these principles your Committee are of opinion That two additional
1925Commissioners should be appointed to execute the Department of the War Office
1926in pursuance of the resolution of Congress of the 17th. of Octr. and that any
1927three of the said Commissioners should be a Quorum to transact business,
1928anything in the former resolutions respecting the Board to the contrary
1929notwithstanding. … <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1930<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1931<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1932<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1933<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Resolved, That  two
1934additional commissioners be appointed to execute the department of the war
1935office, in pursuance of the resolution of the 17 October last, and that any
1936three of the said commissioners be a quorum to transact business, anything in
1937the former resolutions respecting the Board to the contrary notwithstanding.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" title="">[61]</a></span></b></sp

1937an><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1938<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1939<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1940<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1941<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Thomas Mifflin
1942was successful and returned to the comforts of his Reading farm for the winter
1943of 1777-1778 while George Washington and his troops suffered the indignities of
1944Valley Forge.  <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Major Alexander </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Grayton, who served and did not like General Mifflin recalls:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
1945<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1946<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
1947<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1948<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The ensuing winter, at Reading, was gay and agreeable,
1949notwithstanding that the enemy was in possession of the metropolis
1950[Philadelphia]. The society was sufficiently large and select; and a sense of
1951common suffering in being driven from their homes had the effect of more
1952closely uniting its members. ... The variety and bustle they bring along with
1953them give a spring to the mind; and when illumined by hope, as was now the
1954case, they are, when present, not painful, and when past, they are among the
1955incidents most pleasing in retrospection. Besides the families established in
1956this place, it was seldom without a number of visitors, gentlemen of the army
1957and others. Hence, the dissipation of cards, sleighing parties, balls, &c.
1958was freely indulged. <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1959<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1960<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
1961<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1962<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">General Mifflin, at this era, was at home, a chief out of war,
1963complaining, though not ill, considerably malcontent, and apparently not in
1964high favour at head-quarters. According to him, the ear of the commander-in-chief
1965was exclusively possessed by Greene, who was represented to be neither the most
1966wise, the most brave, nor most patriotic of counsellors. In short, the
1967campaign, in this quarter, was stigmatised as a series of blunders; and the
1968incapacity of those who had conducted it unsparingly reprobated. The better

1969fortune of the northern army was ascribed to the superior talents of its
1970leader; and it began to be whispered, that Gates was the man who should, of
1971right, have the station so incompetently sustained by Washington. There was, to
1972all appearance, a cabal forming for his deposition, in which, it is not
1973improbable, that Gates, Mifflin, and Conway, were already engaged, and in which
1974the congenial spirit of Lee, on his exchange, immediately took a share.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" title="">[62]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
1975<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
1976<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
1977<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1978<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Adams-Lee Faction
1979steadily worked to bring Congress to the opinion that the safety of the country
1980demanded Horatio should replace George as Commander-in-Chief. The plot,
1981however, had few active supporters in Congress and the Continental Army. Chief
1982supporters of the scheme rounded off some impressive patriots supporting
1983General Gates including James Lovell, Benjamin Rush, Thomas Mifflin and their
1984organizer General Thomas Conway, a French officer of Irish lineage. Even John
1985and Samuel Adams contributed powerfully to hostility against George Washington
1986by ridiculing his <i>"Fabian Policy" </i>calling for <i>"a short
1987and violent war" </i>and preaching according to Henry Laurens historian D.
1988D. Wallace " … <i>that the worship of a man amounted to amounted to the
1989sin of idolatry which would certainly call down the curse of Heaven" <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" title="">[63]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1990<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
1991<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
1992<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
1993<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">John Adams exclaimed on the repulse of the
1994British from Delaware River Forts: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
1995<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
1996<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
1997<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
1998<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Thank
1999God the glory is not immediately due to the Commander-in-Chief, or idolatry and
2000adulation would have been so excessive as to endanger our liberties. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" title="">[64]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span>
2001</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2002<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2003<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2004<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2005<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">As the attacks on Washington
2006mounted the plotters made wild charges of his incompetence. It was asserted
2007that cowardice restrained Washington from driving General Howe out of
2008Philadelphia in 1777 even though he had two to three times more forces than the
2009British. For example, James Lovell the delegate from Massachusetts maintained

2010that Washington marched his army up and down with no other purpose then to wear
2011out their clothing, shoes, and stockings. The facts on this particular case,
2012however, were that General Howe's foraging parties had greater numbers than
2013Washington's entire army encamped in Valley Forge.  An attack on
2014Philadelphia would have decimated the Continental Army.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2015<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2016<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2017<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2018<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lovell wrote again to Samuel
2019Adams to complain about his fellow delegates coming to Washington’s defense,
2020stating:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2021<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2022<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2023<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2024<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">You
2025could not expect more smartness in a Resolve which was meant to rap a Demi G-
2026over the Knuckles, than what you found in the one hinted at. What a fatality attends some men in the choice of
2027their favorites! It seems as if honest men are not to be found in the 13 United
2028States sufficient to make aids de Camp, Secretaries and privy Councellors to one
2029great Man, whom no Citizen shall dare even to talk about say the Gentlemen of the Blade.
2030<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" title="">[65]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2031<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2032<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2033<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2034<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The Continental Congress
2035Delegates, most unknowingly, made  matters more complex for Washington when they placed
2036Generals Gates and </span><a href="http://thomasmifflin.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Mifflin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> on
2037the Board of War and installed  </span><a href="http://famousamericans.net/thomasconway/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Thomas Conway</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, against
2038Washington's protest, as Inspector General of the Continental Army.  In
2039these influential positions the scheme to replace Washington was pressed
2040forward by a series of <i>"interferences, shackles, vexations and slights
2041to resign his command" </i>according to Revolutionary War Historian
2042Wallace.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2043<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2044<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2045<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2046<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Despite Mifflin’s
2047quartermaster experience, the Cabal’s incompetence of managing the Board of
2048War, Commissary and Quartermaster departments left wagon loads of clothing and
2049provisions standing in the woods much to the chagrin of Henry Laurens. The
2050sufferings of Washington and his troops at Valley Forge were either due to
2051these men's incompetence or, as some historians maintain,  deliberate decisions that they thought would
2052eventually insure the replacement  of
2053Washington as Commander-in-Chief with Horatio Gates. 

2053 The Valley Forge
2054tragedy was not a product of the new nation’s poverty or the refusal of its
2055citizens to contribute to the War effort. 
2056It was a political travesty.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
2057<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
2058<br />
2059<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
2060<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxBZ2tECgOaO3qH4AXpsZCCJgTg7OIoKfSp9SbSZO_tnZzWwrjsfWzn8r-VT_PTkM0ydrzlKNW9_zFlJTBCpBkNjRAHaXi_EsKsz6XvcgsP-3R5oqcyf04sickwT3prMKG-W8F-EHPe87c/s1600/Gates+House2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="1024" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxBZ2tECgOaO3qH4AXpsZCCJgTg7OIoKfSp9SbSZO_tnZzWwrjsfWzn8r-VT_PTkM0ydrzlKNW9_zFlJTBCpBkNjRAHaXi_EsKsz6XvcgsP-3R5oqcyf04sickwT3prMKG-W8F-EHPe87c/s640/Gates+House2.jpg" title="The General Gates House in York, Pennsylvania where a key meeting of the cabal was reportedly held." width="640" /></a></div>
2061<div style="text-align: center;">
2062<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2063</div>
2064<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2065<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2066<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2067<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Irrefutable proof of a
2068conspiracy against </span><a href="http://georgewashington.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">George
2069Washington</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> came to light when General Stirling sent the
2070Commander-in-Chief a quote from </span><a href="http://famousamericans.net/thomasconway/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Thomas Conway's</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">
2071letter to Gates:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2072<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2073<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2074<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2075<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Heaven has been
2076determined to save your country, or a weak general and bad counselors would
2077have ruined it. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" title="">[66]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span>
2078</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2079<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2080<i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2081<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2082<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Washington’s only response
2083was to send the quote back to Conway on November 9, writing only: <i>“A letter,
2084which I received last night, contained the following paragraph.” <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" title="">[67]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2085<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2086<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
2087<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2088<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On November 28<sup>th</sup>,
2089learning of Stirling’s loyalty,  </span><a href="http://thomasmifflin.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Thomas Mifflin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">
2090sent a letter to Gates alerting him that the extract from Conway’s letter had
2091been sent to Washington, and how the Commander-in-Chief responded. Mifflin’s
2092letter indicated he agreed that Conway’s letter was just. In this letter he
2093cautioned Gates to be careful; as such open correspondence will “<i>injure his
2094best friends.” <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" title="">[68]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn68" name="_ftnref68" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2095<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2096<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></i></span></div>
2097<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2098<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Washington never made this
2099letter public.   Gates, however, did not heed Mifflin’s advice and
2100wrote Washington a letter ranting about a so called scoundrel who supposedly
2101leaked Conway’s letter to the public.  To Washington’s bewilderment, Gates
2102foolishly copied Congress thus making the letter public.  </span><a href="http://www.henrylaurens.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Henry Laurens</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">
2103learned of this through his son, a Washington Aide-to-Camp. John Laurens wrote
2104to his father from headquarters on January 3rd, 1778 giving this assessment in
2105a brief sentence identifying the Cabal’s true <i>“head”.</i><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2106<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2107<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div>
2108<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2109<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Conway
2110has weight with a certain party, formed against the present Commander-in Chief
2111at the head of which is General Mifflin. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" title="">[69]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn69" name="_ftnref69" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2112<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2113<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2114<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2115<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">General Conway's letter gave
2116George Washington no other option but to defend himself openly against the
2117conspiracy as it was now in the public eye.  Washington wrote to Laurens
2118on January 4<sup>th</sup>, 1778 that it was <i>“beyond the depth of my

2119comprehension”</i> that Gates would make public the correspondence. 
2120Washington wrote a letter to Gates and copied Congress notifying him that it
2121was his own aide, Wilkinson, who had been indiscreet and not anyone in his
2122camp.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2123<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2124<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2125<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
2126<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> President Laurens wrote to his son: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2127<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2128<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">"Talking
2129of General Conway's Letter which has been circulating as formerly intimated,
2130& of which General Gates declared both his ignorance & disapprobation,
2131I took occasion to say, if General Conway pretends sincerity in his late
2132parallel between the Great F____ [Fredrick] & the great W____ [Washington]
2133he has, taking this Letter into view, been guilty of the blackest hypocrisy -
2134if not, he is chargeable with the guilt of an unprovoked sarcasm & is
2135unpardonable. The General perfectly acquiesced in that sentiment & added
2136such hints as convinced me he thought highly of Conway. Shall such a Man
2137seperate friends or keep them asunder? It must not be. My Dear son, I pray God
2138protect you." <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70" title="">[70]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn70" name="_ftnref70" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span>
2139</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2140<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2141<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2142<div class="cm87" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2143<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Laurens was anxious to play
2144the role of <i>"peacemaker" </i>between Gates and Washington walking
2145the middle ground. In the end Laurens neutrality embolden the Cabal but the
2146scheme to replace </span><a href="http://georgewashington.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">George
2147Washington</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> with </span><a href="http://virtualology.com/HORATIOGATES.COM/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Horatio Gates</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">
2148fell apart in early 1778 when the plan was made public.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2149<div class="cm87" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2150<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2151<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2152<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">One after another the
2153delegates and generals hasten to disclaim any connection to the Conway and
2154Gates. The reaction of the people was clear, George Washington was strongly
2155entrenched in the minds and hearts of the common man and they wanted him to
2156remain the Commander-in-Chief. The public's affection towards Washington did
2157not <i>"endanger our libertieis" </i>as Adams predicted but rather

2158gave them new support as the people rallied around the Commander-in Chief. The
2159Cabal was dead; the people had spoken.  General Nathanael Greene, Mifflin’s rival, was placed in charge
2160of the quartermaster's department in March, 1778.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2161<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2162<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
2163<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2164<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In a letter to
2165Colonel Delany, written on the February 1, 1788, Mifflin maintained: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2166<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2167<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2168<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2169<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">As a man of sense and honor, you must judge what rny feelings must
2170be, when I am told that my old acquaintance, Colonel Delany, had charged me
2171with a design of ruining General Washington, and of setting up General Gates in
2172opposition to him. As a friend to my country, I have spoken my sentiments on
2173public matters with decency and firmness. I love and esteem General Washington,
2174and know him too well even to wish for an exchange. I love my country, and for
2175her sake deprecate the idea of such a change. But I have seen, and among my
2176friends have  said, that General
2177Washington's judgment in military points was frequently counteracted by what I
2178believed a dangerous influence. I have quoted Long Island and Mount Washington

2179as instances of that influence, and have lamented that the General did not
2180consider the great value of his own private judgment, a judgment universally
2181admitted and admired.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71" title="">[71]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn71" name="_ftnref71" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2182<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2183<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2184<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2185<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Conway Cabal emerged
2186once again in the summer of 1778 when Thomas Mifflin was addressed as "<i>pivot</i>"
2187in Laurens June 11th letter to his son. In this letter Laurens writes about
2188Congress's call for an investigation into General Mifflin's quartermaster
2189activities: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2190<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2191<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2192<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2193<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">If
2194you were here in this Room I could entertain you five minutes with description
2195of an excellent attempt in favor of pivot which was not only ousted but brought
2196on a proposition which, as a Man of honor he must have wished for, as a Man of
2197politeness he must have wished for it, because all the World wished for it.
2198Your antagonists I find have not yet turned their backs, the more motions they
2199make the more I suspect them. When they shall be fairly gone I will sing te
2200deum, but 'till then my duty & my Interest dictate infidelity & command
2201me to be watchful. The long continuance of repeated accounts marking their
2202intended embarkation has injured our Cause more than you are aware of. Adieu. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72" title="">[72]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn72" name="_ftnref72" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span>
2203</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2204<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2205<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2206<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
2207<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Laurens according to the Library of congress <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2208<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
2209<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2210<div class="cm11" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2211<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">…
2212was alluding to the call for an investigation of former quartermaster general
2213Thomas Mifflin that Congress approved this day. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73" title="">[73]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn73" name="_ftnref73" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span>
2214</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2215<div class="cm11" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2216<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2217<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2218<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In previous correspondence
2219with his son, Laurens had used the term <i>"pivot" </i>to designate
2220Mifflin's role in the so-called Conway Cabal. That John Laurens understood the

2221use of it as a reference to Mifflin is indicated by this statement in his June
222214th reply: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2223<div class="default" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2224<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2225<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2226<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The
2227inquiry into the conduct of the late quarter masters, must give pleasure to
2228every man who wishes to see the betrayers of public trusts brought to condign
2229punishment. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74" title="">[74]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn74" name="_ftnref74" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span>
2230</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2231<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2232<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2233<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2234<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">General Mifflin would later
2235be exonerated of these charges.  <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">This incident, however, ended Mifflin's
2236military career and brought about Congress accepting his resignation   on February
223725, 1779.  Despite these difficulties,
2238Congress continued to call upon General Mifflin for his expertise.  </span>On January 20<sup>th</sup>,
22391780, Mifflin was appointed on a board to devise means for retrenching
2240expenses. In this capacity he once again became a stalwart and strong advocate
2241of General Washington during the darkest days of the revolution. The thanks of
2242Congress were voted to him and Colonel Pickering, for "the wise and
2243salutary plans."  <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
2244<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><br /></span></span></span>
2245<br />
2246<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
2247<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOldig8zalGp9NvjKxuqogIgCk9PX0-Co4Uu51NFORrKVkEWFb_oXnJEGAQ1M0ezAIeBHGR8Ur0VGO-xgvwhjB3TbXqrzVyq4o6WJL2pMd0GRYx706E6eb3yzLX5TQ1YcgNgNvc-thW4UH/s1600/Continental+Congress+Board+of+War.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1593" data-original-width="1600" height="636" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOldig8zalGp9NvjKxuqogIgCk9PX0-Co4Uu51NFORrKVkEWFb_oXnJEGAQ1M0ezAIeBHGR8Ur0VGO-xgvwhjB3TbXqrzVyq4o6WJL2pMd0GRYx706E6eb3yzLX5TQ1YcgNgNvc-thW4UH/s640/Continental+Congress+Board+of+War.png" title="Seal of the United States Board of War and Ordnance, which is reproduced from Edward S. Ellis, Ellis's History of the United States" width="640" /></a></div>
2248<div style="text-align: center;">
2249<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
2250</div>
2251<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2252<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
2253<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2254<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In 1782, Thomas Mifflin joined
2255the ranks of Congress as a delegate to the United States, in Congress
2256Assembled. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2257<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2258<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2259<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2260<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">November
226112, 1782, Pursuant to the order of the day, the House proceeded to the election
2262of Delegates to represent this State in Congress, and the ballots, being taken,
2263it appeared, that the Honorable Thomas Mifflin, Thomas Fitzsimmons, James Wilson,
2264John Montgomery, and Richard Peters, Esquires, were duly elected.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn75" name="

2264_ftnref75" title="">[75]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn75" name="_ftnref75" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2265<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2266<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2267<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2268<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin took his seat on
2269November 20<sup>th</sup> in Philadelphia and served competently.  On December 12th, 1782 the USCA found it
2270necessary to send a delegation to Rhode Island passing this resolution:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2271<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2272<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2273<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2274<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">That
2275a deputation be sent from Congress to the State of Rhode Island to inform that
2276state of the propects which Congress have of loans and other supplies for the
2277ensuing year (for the purpose of making a full and just representation of the
2278public affairs of the United States,) and of urging the absolute necessity of a
2279compliance with the resolution of Congress of the 3d day of February, 1781,
2280respecting the duty on imports and prizes, as a measure essential to the safety
2281and reputation of these states.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2282<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2283<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2284<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2285<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Resolved,
2286That the deputation consist of three members, and that previous to their
2287departure they confer with the Superintendant of finance, the Secretary at War
2288and the Secretary for foreign affairs, who are hereby directed to communicate
2289to them such information, from their respective departments, as may be most
2290conducive to the end proposed: the members chosen, Mr. [Samuel] Osgood, Mr.
2291[Thomas] Mifflin and Mr. [Abner] Nash.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn76" name="_ftnref76" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[76]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2292<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2293<br /></div>
2294<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2295<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The following month, on an
2296interesting committee assignment, Thomas Mifflin worked with </span><a href="http://jamesmadison.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">James Madison</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> to
2297establish a Library for the United States as evidenced by this motion:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2298<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2299<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2300<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2301<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A
2302come., consisting of Mr. Madison, Mr. Mifflin & Mr. Williamson reported in
2303consequence of a motion of Mr. Bland, a list of books proper for the use of
2304Congress, and proposed that the Secy. should be instructed to procure the same.
2305In favr. of the Rept. it was urged as indispensable that Congress shd. have at
2306all times at co?ard such authors on the law of Nations, treaties, Negotiations
2307&c as wd. render their proceedings in such cases conformable to propriety;
2308and it was observed that the want of this information was manifest in several
2309important acts of Congress. It was further observed that no time ought to be
2310lost in collecting every book & tract which related to American antiquities
2311& the affairs of the U. S., since many of the most valuable of these were
2312every day becoming extinct, & they were necessary not only as materials for
2313a Hist: of the U.S., but might be rendered still more so by future pretensions

2314agst. their rights from Spain or other powers which had shared in the
2315discoveries & possessions of the New World. Agst the Report were urged 1st.
2316the inconveniency of advancing even a few hundred pounds at this crisis; 2dly.,
2317the difference of expence between procuring the books during the war &
2318after a peace. These objections prevailed, by a considerable majority. A motion
2319was then made by Mr. Wilson, 2ded. by Mr. Madison, to conclue the purchase for
2320the present to the most essential part of the books.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77" title="">[77]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn77" name="_ftnref77" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2321<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2322<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2323<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2324<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The measure failed to be
2325enacted due to the lack of funding in the U.S. Treasury.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2326<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2327<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2328<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2329<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In another interesting
2330measure after the USCA was forced to relocate to Princeton due to soldier
2331mutiny (see </span><a href="http://www.eliasboudinot.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">www.eliasboudinot.com</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> for
2332a full account) a Thomas Mifflin headed committee proposed:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2333<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2334<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2335<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2336<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Congress took into
2337consideration On the report On the a Committee, consisting of Mr. A[rthur] Lee,
2338Mr. [Oliver] Ellsworth and Mr. [Thomas] Mifflin, appointed to prepare a plan of

2339an equestrian statue of the Commander in Chief,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2340<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2341<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2342<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2343<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Resolved,
2344That the statue be of bronze: The General to be represented in a Roman dress,
2345holding a truncheon in his right hand in the other hand bearing a wreath of
2346laurel, [and his head encircled with a laurel wreath]. The statue to
2347besupported by a marble pedestal, on the four faces of which are to be
2348represented, in basso relievo, the four [following] principal events of the
2349war, in which General Washington commanded in person, viz. The evacuation of
2350Boston--the capture of the Hessians at Trenton--[the battle of Princeton]--the
2351action of Monmouth, and the surrender of York. On the upper part of the front
2352of the pedestal, to be engraved as follows: The United States in Congress
2353assembled ordered this statue to be erected in the year of our Lord 1783, in

2354honor of George Washington, Esquire the illustrious Commander in Chief of their
2355the Armies [of the United States of America], during the war which vindicated
2356and secured their Liberty, Sovereignty and Independence.</span></i> <i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Resolved, That a statue conformable to
2357the above plan, be executed by the best artist in Paris [Europe], under the
2358superintendence of the Minister of the United States at the Court of
2359Versailles; and that the Treasurer furnish money to defray the expence of the
2360same, [be furnished from the treasury of the United States].<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78" title="">[78]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn78" name="_ftnref78" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
2361<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2362<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2363<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2364<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The statue was so ordered in
2365an attempt to have General Washington move to a house that they prepared for
2366him just north of Princeton in a community known as Rocky Hill.  The USCA was in the throes of trying to form a
2367permanent peacetime military establishment. 
2368Nationalists like President Boudinot were being challenged radical
2369delegates who viewed any standing federal army as a central government plot to
2370weaken the states.  George Washington’s
2371presence was deemed, by the federally minded delegates, if legislation was to
2372be formulated to include a standing Army for the united States of America.
2373Washington was reluctant to attend but flattery measure of erecting a statue
2374worked and despite Martha Washington’s illness, the couple arrived in Princeton
2375on August 23, 1782.  They were greeted by
2376a reception hosted by the President of the College of New Jersey and Congress.  For more on Washington’s role in the Princeton
2377Congress please visit www.eliasboudinot.com.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
2378<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
2379<br />
2380<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
2381<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiH_PLLqvZa0M9RTxtZllkZjT6QU7J2qjmQYFD5LOpFd6ohytDAMdXNpxgZU78Wsp2QXBq96XO0Q4VmRnv1ZaxHtuLfrLQMWIwQL3APghdLODqGhp-VkZAGHRZGTGrl3g67cStupC5cIsD/s1600/Journals+Of+Congress+Title+Page+11-3-1783+to+6-3-1784.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiH_PLLqvZa0M9RTxtZllkZjT6QU7J2qjmQYFD5LOpFd6ohytDAMdXNpxgZU78Wsp2QXBq96XO0Q4VmRnv1ZaxHtuLfrLQMWIwQL3APghdLODqGhp-VkZAGHRZGTGrl3g67cStupC5cIsD/s640/Journals+Of+Congress+Title+Page+11-3-1783+to+6-3-1784.jpg" title="

2381Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled Containing  the Proceedings From the Third Day of November, 1783 ti the Third Day of June, 1784 - Volume IX, Published by order of Congress - Philadelphia, Printed by John Dunlap, Printer to the United States in Congress Assembled -- Image Courtesy of Historic.us - http://www.thomasmifflin.com/" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
2382<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled Containing  the Proceedings From the Third Day of November, 1783 t0 the Third Day of June, 1784 - Volume IX, Published by order of Congress - Philadelphia, Printed by John Dunlap, Printer to the United States in Congress Assembled -- Image Courtesy of Historic.us</span></td></tr>
2383</tbody></table>
2384<div style="text-align: center;">
2385<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2386</div>
2387<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2388<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> Mifflin’s work for the reminder of the Princeton
2389session stood out in the minds of the other delegates.  Despite having to leave early for Philadelphia,
2390when it came time to adjourn and relocate the next USCA to Annapolis the
2391members elected him President on November 3, 1783 without him being present.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn79" name="_ftnref79" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[79]</span></span></span></a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">  Daniel Carroll of Maryland was elected to
2392serve as chairman in his absence.   On November 4</span><sup style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">th</sup><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> the USCA authorized the final discharge of the
2393Continental Army </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">"except 500 men, with proper officers.</i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">" The
2394USCA then Adjourned to Annapolis scheduling to reconvene November 26</span><sup style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">th</sup><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">
2395at the Maryland State House.</span></div><div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div><div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="color: #7d7d7d; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px;"><b style="color: #333333; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 27.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 14.4px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.79px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: start;"><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" referrerpolicy="

2395strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SsMLXizzrGU" title="Congressional Capitols XII:  Maryland State House (1783–1784): Washington Resigns, Peace Ratified" width="640"></iframe></div><div><br /></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></span></b></div></span></div>
2396<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;">The
2397Maryland State House was designed by Joseph
2398Horatio Anderson in 1771. Its construction began in 1772 but was not completed
2399until 1779 due to the struggle for Independence.  The building was constructed in red brick Georgian
2400style with a small portico projecting out from the center crowned by a pediment.
2401The State House entrance is accented with two high arched windows that complement
2402the large rectangular windows on both stories lining the façade. A cornice above
2403the windows is topped by another pediment and the sloping roof gives way for a
2404central octagonal drum atop which rests a distinctive dome. The great dome is
2405topped by a balustrade balcony, another octagonal drum and a lantern. The
2406Interior of the Dome, from floor to ceiling, is 113' with the building itself
2407encompassing 120,900 square feet under roof. 
2408It is the oldest American State Capitol still in continuous legislative
2409use. Here on February 2, 1781, the Maryland legislature ratified the Articles
2410of Confederation thus dissolving the old U.S. Continental Congress government.
2411Now, two and half years later, the new government known as the United States in
2412Congress Assembled (USCA) was scheduled to convene to accept the resignation of
2413Commander-in-Chief George Washington and ratify the Treaty of Paris which would
2414finally end the war with Great Britain.  </span></div>
2415<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2416<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2417<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2418<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On
2419November 22nd, John Thaxter, Jr., John Adams' private secretary, arrived in Philadelphia
2420and presented the <i>Treaty of Paris</i> to President
2421Thomas Mifflin for ratification consideration by the USCA in Annapolis.  Mifflin, concerned over the nine state quorum
2422challenges wrote the Governors of the states from Philadelphia, on November 23,
24231783 this circular letter.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2424<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2425<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2426<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2427<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"I
2428have the honor to inform you, that Mr. [John] Thaxter, the private Secretary to
2429Mr. [John] Adams, arrived here from France last evening; being dispatched, by
2430our Minister at Paris [Benjamin Franklin], with a copy of the definitive treaty
2431of peace between the United States of America and Great Britain; which was
2432signed on the 3rd of September last. As I find by the last article of the
2433treaty, it is stipulated that 'the ratifications thereof, expedited in good
2434& due form, shall be exchanged between the contracting parties in the space
2435of six months or sooner if possible'; to be computed from the day of the
2436signature; and as much of that time is elapsed, I think it proper to give your
2437Excellency this information, to the end that the delegates of your State may be
2438impressed with the necessity of their attending in Congress as soon as
2439possible..."<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80" title="">[80]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn80" name="_ftnref80" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2440<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2441<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2442<div style="text-align: justify;">
2443<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">As
2444feared by President Mifflin, the USCA failed to achieve a quorum in November
2445and well into December only managing the lower limit of seven states on the 13<sup>th</sup>
2446to convene the Annapolis Congress. Below, </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;">Delegate </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;">Hugh Williamson gives his account </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"> of the initial session in Annapolis:</span><br />
2447<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span>
2448<br />
2449<blockquote class="tr_bq">
2450<i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;">To: William Blount </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;">Dear sir, Annapolis 28th Novr. 1783 </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;">On the 25th I arrived at this Place, we had adjourned to the 26th but have not yet made a Congress, Virginia alone being here. Yesterday the Delegates were chosen for this State, viz Jas McHenry, Coll. Lloyd, Mr Stone & Mr Chase. Mr Stone who is a Lawyer is said to be a man of considerable abilities mental and Col. Loy'd of the first abilities pecuniary in the State. He appears also to be clever. I left Mr Spaight at Philada. & expect him here on Monday. </span></span></i> </blockquote>
2451<blockquote class="tr_bq">
2452<i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;">The State House here is certainly an elegant Building. The Room we are to sit in is perhaps the prettyest in America. Be so good as give me a detail of assembly news. The acct. of western Lands in particular. As soon as I have settled at a private Lodging, which I hope will be on to morrow I shall try to connect the Chain of occurrences which have lately been interrupted.... </span></span></i></blockquote>
2453<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
2454<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz3btBV4ADAg95K2A-Ur3obLhlcpiosQhHO7xMBqyof79TT3BFtIqRltqEwpcIVvMPb8IRxs8f25gf7vUD3RG

2454Cx-dBbN9rsmVDrhHrx4SfuNf8qSgVNZjafZ_1Plt3tIF7XUlbwWQ2XKry/s1600/USCA+Journals+11-26+to+12-13-1783.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="516" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz3btBV4ADAg95K2A-Ur3obLhlcpiosQhHO7xMBqyof79TT3BFtIqRltqEwpcIVvMPb8IRxs8f25gf7vUD3RGCx-dBbN9rsmVDrhHrx4SfuNf8qSgVNZjafZ_1Plt3tIF7XUlbwWQ2XKry/s640/USCA+Journals+11-26+to+12-13-1783.jpg" title="Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled Containing  the Proceedings From the Third Day of November, 1783 ti the Third Day of June, 1784 Open to the December 13th, 1783 start of the Annapolis, MD session - -- Image Courtesy of Historic.us - http://www.thomasmifflin.com/" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
2455<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled Containing  the Proceedings From the Third Day of November, 1783 t0 the Third Day of June, 1784 Open to the December 13th, 1783 start of the Annapolis, MD session - </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">-- Image Courtesy of Historic.us</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"> </span></td></tr>
2456</tbody></table>
2457<div style="text-align: center;">
2458<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span></div>
2459<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span>
2460<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;">The Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled report:</span></span><br />
2461<blockquote class="tr_bq">
2462<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>December 13  -  A number of members met on November 26 according to adjournment, but there not being a sufficient number of states assembled to proceed to business, Congress was adjourned from day to day, till December 13th, 1783, when seven states appearing the following states and members appeared from </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">New Hampshire,</span> </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Abiel Foster, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Massachusetts, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Elbridge Gerry, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Samuel Osgood, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. George Partridge, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">Rhode Island,</span> </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. William Ellery, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. David Howell, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">Pennsylvania,</span></i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Tibetans Mifflin, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Cadwalader Morris, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">Delaware,</span> </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. James Tilton, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Eleazer McComb, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Maryland, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. James McHenry, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Edward Lloyd, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">Virginia,</span> </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Thomas Jefferson, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Samuel Hardy, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Arthur Lee, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. James Monroe, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">North Carolina,</span> </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Benjamin Hawkins, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Hugh Williamson, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i>Mr. Richard Dobbs Spaight, </i></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><i><span style="color: #990000;">South Carolina,</span> </i></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><i><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mr. Jacob Read,</span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i></span></blockquote>
2463<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%;">
2464<br /></div>
2465<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%;">
2466<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Articles
2467of Confederation, by constitutional requirement, mandated that nine states were
2468needed to ratifying treaty and bind all the states so no vote was taken by the
2469delegates on December the 13th. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span><br />
2470<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
2471<br />
2472<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
2473<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8zZY_198rBDS6FjkUdNgaEej2e1GirDKg7WqlDnmZnxUt-WMBBvgkPpy2U1prtkG20IbjLgbu1ZZhKfucOxBHrCuw0dScDCUqq7E6W-3h9HV-JJslKEc9HMmOA4IwphEoLSYg0ruFGnVo/s1600/USCA+Journals+12-13+to+12-20-1783.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8zZY_198rBDS6FjkUdNgaEej2e1GirDKg7WqlDnmZnxUt-WMBBvgkPpy2U1prtkG20IbjLgbu1ZZhKfucOxBHrCuw0dScDCUqq7E6W-3h9HV-JJslKEc9HMmOA4IwphEoLSYg0ruFGnVo/s640/USCA+Journals+12-13+to+12-20-1783.jpg" title="

2473Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled Containing  the Proceedings From the Third Day of November, 1783 ti the Third Day of June, 1784 Open to the December 13th to 20th 1783 noting the Treaty of Paris has been received - -- Image Courtesy of Historic.us - http://www.thomasmifflin.com/" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
2474<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;">Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled Containing  the Proceedings From the Third Day of November, 1783 to the Third Day of June, 1784 Open to the December 13th to 20th 1783 noting the Treaty of Paris has been received  -  Image courtesy of Historic.us </span></td></tr>
2475</tbody></table>
2476<div style="text-align: center;">
2477<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2478</div>
2479</div>
2480<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2481<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2482<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2483<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On
2484Saturday 20 December 1783 the USCA received Commander-in-Chief George Washington’s
2485letter notifying the President of his arrival in Annapolis, Maryland, with the
2486intention of <i>"asking leave to resign
2487the commission he has the honor of holding in their service, and desiring to
2488know their pleasure in what manner it will be most proper to offer his
2489resignation; whether in writing or at an audience."</i>   Upon reading the letter, debate ensued over
2490the constitutional issue of the resignation being approved by only a seven and
2491not a nine state USCA quorum.  It was delegate
2492</span><a href="http://www.jamesmonroe.net/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">James Monroe</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">,
2493from Virginia, who made the case that seven states were enough to receive the
2494Commander-in-Chief and accept his resignation. 
2495He argue that although the Articles require nine states to appoint a
2496Commander-in-Chief, there was no stipulation that nine were needed to accept a
2497resignation.  The Articles read:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2498<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2499<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2500<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2501<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The United States in Congress assembled shall
2502never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque or reprisal in time of
2503peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate
2504the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the
2505defense and welfare of the United States, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor
2506borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor
2507agree upon the number of vessels of war, to be built or purchased, or the
2508number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of
2509the army or navy, unless nine States assent to the same: nor shall a question
2510on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day be determined, unless
2511by the votes of the majority of the United States in Congress assembled.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn81" name="_ftnref81" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[81]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
2512<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2513<br /></div>
2514<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2515<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The
2516Delegates, after a lengthy debate, agreed and resolved that Washington <i>"

2516be admitted to a public audience, on
2517Tuesday next, at twelve o'clock."</i> <a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn82" name="_ftnref82" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[82]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
2518<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2519<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2520<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">George
2521Washington's attendance in Congress set the stage for one of the most
2522remarkable events of United States history.    
2523George Washington's resignation as Commander-in-Chief would be the last
2524great act of the Revolutionary War.  Historian
2525David Ramsay wrote of Washington trek to new federal capital to submit his
2526resignation: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2527<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2528<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2529<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2530<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In
2531every town and village, through which the General passed, he was met by public
2532and private demonstrations of gratitude and joy. When he arrived at Annapolis,
2533he informed Congress of his intention to ask leave to resign the commission he
2534had the honor to hold in their service, and desired to know their pleasure in
2535what manner it would be most proper to be done. They resolved that it should be

2536in a public audience.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn83" name="_ftnref83" title="">[83]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn83" name="_ftnref83" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2537<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2538<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
2539<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2540<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The event began on December
254122<sup>nd</sup> when President Mifflin gave a dinner, of over two hundred
2542covers, to the Commander-in-Chief. 
2543Afterwards, a magnificent ball was given in his honor by the Maryland
2544Assembly. Washington opened the ball with the charming Mrs. James MacCubbin,
2545gallantly presenting her with an elegant fan. This occasion was graced by <i>"the beauty and the chivalry"</i>
2546of the patriotic old colony. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2547<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2548<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2549<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2550<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The following day, the USCA
2551convened and the gallery at the Maryland State Capitol building was filled with
2552ladies and special guests of Congress. The governor, council, and legislature
2553of Maryland, several officers, and the consul-general of France were on all on the
2554floor. The members of Congress were seated and wore their hats to signify that
2555they represented the government. The spectators stood with bare heads. General
2556Washington entered and was conducted by Secretary Charles Thomson to a seat.
2557When all was quiet, President Mifflin said: <i>"The
2558United States, in Congress assembled, is prepared to receive the communications
2559of the Commander-in-Chief."</i>  The
2560USCA Journal reports:  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2561<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2562<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2563<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2564<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">According
2565to order, his Excellency the Commander in Chief was admitted to a pub­lic
2566audience, and being seated, and silence ordered, the President, after a pause,
2567informed him, that the United States in Congress assembled, were prepared to
2568receive his communications; Whereupon, he arose and addressed Congress as
2569follows: </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2570<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2571<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2572<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2573<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">'Mr.
2574President: The great events on which my resignation depended, having at length
2575taken place, I have now the honor of offering my sincere congratulations to
2576Congress, and of presenting myself before them, to surrender into their hands
2577the trust committed to me, and to claim the indulgence of retiring from the
2578service of my country. </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2579<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2580<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2581<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2582<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Happy
2583in the confirmation of our independence and sovereignty, and pleased with the
2584opportunity afforded the United States, of becoming a respectable nation, I
2585resign with satisfaction the appointment I accepted with diffidence; a
2586diffidence in my abilities to accomplish so arduous a task; which however was
2587superseded by a confidence in the rectitude of our cause, the support of the
2588supreme power of the Union, and the patronage of Heaven. </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2589<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2590<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2591<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2592<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The
2593successful termination of the war has verified the most sanguine expectations;
2594and my gratitude for the interposition of Providence, and the assistance I have
2595received from my countrymen, increases with every review of the momentous
2596contest. </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2597<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2598<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2599<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2600<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">While
2601I repeat my obligations to the army in general, I should do injustice to my own

2602feelings not to acknowledge, in this place, the peculiar services and
2603distinguished merits of the gentlemen who have been attached to my person
2604during the war. It was impossible the choice of confidential officers to
2605compose my family should have been more fortunate. Permit me, sir, to recommend
2606in particular, those who have continued in the service to the present moment,
2607as worthy of the favorable notice and patronage of Congress. </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2608<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2609<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2610<div class="cm81" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2611<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I
2612consider it an indispensable duty to close this last act of my official life by
2613commending the interests of our dearest country to the protection of Almighty
2614God, and those who have the superintendence of them to his holy keeping. Having
2615now finished the work assigned me, I retire from the great theatre of action,
2616and bidding an affectionate farewell to this august body, under whose orders I
2617have so long acted, I here offer my commission, and take my leave of all the
2618employments of public life'</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2619<div class="cm81" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2620<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2621<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2622<span style="background-color: white;"></span><br />
2623<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
2624<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgquCcL8x8pWRw87k1-3mAnQbQw6hpgen-sNOi6O570gn9YUQ-Pz34OyktGVBxa65P4g9qdFepsCnbGh5uQGEmtzy80jPwB4BEImz2wPTYIo3xKsM8uijnGN71JIQqDuyL-wTb9PjIVGz7u/s1600/Washington+Resigns+Commission.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgquCcL8x8pWRw87k1-3mAnQbQw6hpgen-sNOi6O570gn9YUQ-Pz34OyktGVBxa65P4g9qdFepsCnbGh5uQGEmtzy80jPwB4BEImz2wPTYIo3xKsM8uijnGN71JIQqDuyL-wTb9PjIVGz7u/s1600/Washington+Resigns+Commission.jpg" title=""General George Washington Resigning His Commission" by John Trumbull (1756–1843) - Circa 1817  - http://www.uspresidency.com/" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
2625<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>"General George Washington Resigning His Commission"</i> by John Trumbull (1756–1843) - Circa 1817 and placed in the United States Capitol rotunda in Washington D.C. in 1824. Its dimensions are 144" in × 216" inches.  General George Washington resigned his commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Army to the Congress, which was then meeting at the Maryland State House in Annapolis, on December 23, 1783. This action was of great significance in establishing civilian, rather than military rule, leading to a republic, rather than a dictatorship. Washington stands with two aides-de-camp addressing the President of the United States in Congress Assembled, Thomas Mifflin,  Elbridge Gerry, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, James Madison, Thomas Stone,William Ellery, Roger Sherman and other delegates. </span></td></tr>
2626</tbody></table>
2627<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
2628<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.georgewashington.us/">George
2629Washington</a></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">  then advanced and
2630delivered to President of the United States his commission, with a copy of his
2631address, and resumed his place. President Thomas Mifflin returned him the
2632following answer:</span></div>
2633<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2634<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2635<div class="cm17" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2636<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sir,  The United States in Congress assembled
2637receive with emotions, too affecting for utterance, the solemn deposit
2638resignation of the authorities under which you have led their troops with
2639safety and triumph success through a long a perilous and a doubtful war. When
2640called upon by your country to defend its invaded rights, you accepted the
2641sacred charge, before they it had formed alliances, and whilst they were it was

2642without funds or a government to support you. You have conducted the great
2643military contest with wisdom and fortitude, through invariably regarding the
2644fights of the civil government power through all disasters and changes. You
2645have, by the love and confidence of your fellow-citizens, enabled them to
2646display their martial genius, and transmit their fame to posterity. You have
2647persevered, till these United States, aided by a magnanimous king and nation,
2648have been enabled, under a just Providence, to close the war in freedom, safety
2649and independence; on which happy event we sincerely join you in
2650congratulations. <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2651<div class="cm17" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2652<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2653<div class="cm17" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2654<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Having
2655planted defended the standard of liberty in this new world: having taught an
2656useful lesson a lesson useful to those who inflict and to those who feel
2657oppression, you retire from the great theatre of action, loaded with the
2658blessings of your fellow-citizens, but your fame the glory of your virtues will
2659not terminate with your official life the glory of your many virtues will
2660military command, it will continue to animate remotest  posterity ages and
2661this last act will not be among the least conspicuous .  We feel with you our obligations to the army
2662in general; and will particularly charge ourselves with the interests of those
2663confidential officers, who have attended your person to this interesting
2664affecting moment. </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2665<div class="cm17" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2666<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2667<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2668<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">We
2669join you in commending the interests of our dearest country to the protection
2670of Almighty God, beseeching him to dispose the hearts and minds of its
2671citizens, to improve the opportunity afforded them, of becoming a happy and
2672respectable nation. And for you we address to him our earnest prayers, that a life
2673so beloved may be fostered with all his care; that your days may be happy, as
2674they have been illustrious; and that he will finally give you that reward which
2675this world cannot give.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn84" name="_ftnref84" title="">[84]</a></span></b></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn84" name="_ftnref84" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2676<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2677<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></i></div>
2678<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2679<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
2680<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihS9KmTkWI8tF733eoBPdGPhF8m__GsflFg_ZgBFnCIwx0BkoetH0fYSx7r_65_EPxNTxoXQJM4GWv0asxyh7_srzNHKY3R2wxV9REiL4ZyVovj0KSWMRw_1ETqi4yxbq1tfgsSFqg9W9I/s1600/Washington+Resig+Manu2B.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1222" data-original-width="1600" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihS9KmTkWI8tF733eoBPdGPhF8m__GsflFg_ZgBFnCIwx0BkoetH0fYSx7r_65_EPxNTxoXQJM4GWv0asxyh7_srzNHKY3R2wxV9REiL4ZyVovj0KSWMRw_1ETqi4yxbq1tfgsSFqg9W9I/s640/Washington+Resig+Manu2B.jpg" title="George Washington Resignation Speech -- Sir,  The United States in Congress assembled receive with emotions, too affecting for utterance, the solemn deposit resignation of the authorities under which you have led their troops with safety and triumph success through a long a perilous and a doubtful war. When called upon by your country to defend its invaded rights, you accepted the sacred charge, before they it had formed alliances, and whilst they were it was without funds or a government to supp

2680ort you. You have conducted the great military contest with wisdom and fortitude, through invariably regarding the fights of the civil government power through all disasters and changes. You have, by the love and confidence of your fellow-citizens, enabled them to display their martial genius, and transmit their fame to posterity. You have persevered, till these United States, aided by a magnanimous king and nation, have been enabled, under a just Providence, to close the war in freedom, safety and independence; on which happy event we sincerely join you in congratulations.    Having planted defended the standard of liberty in this new world: having taught an useful lesson a lesson useful to those who inflict and to those who feel oppression, you retire from the great theatre of action, loaded with the blessings of your fellow-citizens, but your fame the glory of your virtues will not terminate with your official life the glory of your many virtues will military command, it will continue to animate remotest  posterity ages and this last act will not be among the least conspicuous .  We feel with you our obligations to the army in general; and will particularly charge ourselves with the interests of those confidential officers, who have attended your person to this interesting affecting moment.    We join you in commending the interests of our dearest country to the protection of Almighty God, beseeching him to dispose the hearts and minds of its citizens, to improve the opportunity afforded them, of becoming a happy and respectable nation. And for you we address to him our earnest prayers, that a life so beloved may be fostered with all his care; that your days may be happy, as they have been illustrious; and that he will finally give you that reward which this world cannot give." width="640" /></a></div>
2681<div style="text-align: center;">
2682<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2683<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
2684<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">What made this action
2685especially remarkable was that George Washington, at his pinnacle of his power
2686and popularity, surrendered his commission to President Thomas Mifflin, who had
2687conspired to replace him as Commander-in-Chief with Horatio Gates in 1777.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn85" name="_ftnref85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[85]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>  Washington was now a private citizen. The
2688next day he left Annapolis, and made all haste to return to his beloved Mount
2689Vernon holding true to the example of Cincinnatus.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn86" name="_ftnref86" title=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[86]</span></span><!--[endif]--></a></span>  Washington would serve as the first President
2690of the Order of Cincinnatus.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2691<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2692<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2693<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2694<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Quorum challenges at
2695Annapolis became more complex after Washington’s resignation.  The severe winter of 1783–1784, due to the
2696volcanic eruption of Laki in Iceland, prevented delegates from five of the
2697thirteen States from attending the USCA. The Treaty
2698stipulated that the USCA was required to approve and return the document to
2699England within six months of September 3, 1783. It was January 3<sup>rd</sup>,
27001784, four months into the timeframe, and a ratified treaty would take 45 days
2701to cross the Atlantic.  Time was now of
2702the essence.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2703<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2704<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
2705<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2706<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">A quorum of
2707seven States was present and o</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">ne faction of the USCA argued these

2708states could ratify the treaty because they were merely approving and not
2709entering into a treaty. Furthermore, it was unlikely that the required
2710delegates could reach Annapolis before the ratification deadline.  </span><a href="http://www.thomasjefferson.us/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Thomas
2711Jefferson</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> led the delegates who insisted that a full nine states
2712were required to ratify the treaty. Any less, Jefferson argued, would be
2713chicanery and a <i>"dishonorable
2714prostitution"</i> of the Great Seal of the United States.   Additionally, a seven state ratified Treaty
2715would open the door to Great Britain declaring it null and void at later date
2716when the King learned the USCA did not meet the constitutional nine state
2717requirement. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2718<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2719<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2720<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2721<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jefferson headed a committee
2722of both factions and arrived at a compromise. The USCA would ratify with only
2723seven states present if the vote was unanimous and this would not set a
2724precedent for future decisions. The treaty would be forwarded to the US
2725ministers in Europe who would be instructed to request a delay of three months.
2726If Great Britain should insist on the meeting the deadline, then the Ministers
2727should present the seven-state treaty ratification.  Shortly after the committee disbanded an
2728eighth state arrived and was in favor of the Treaty’s ratification.  On January 13th, the convention needed one
2729more delegate to gain the nine states necessary to ratify the treaty. The
2730following day, South Carolina Representative Richard Beresford, who was ill,
2731arrived in Maryland achieving a quorum. The vote was immediately taken upon on
2732his arrival and on January 14, 1784 and the treaty passed unanimously.  The USCA resolved  <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
2733<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
2734<br />
2735<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
2736<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYTOa9wdFfZPwmbadErWJZQXeYKd9OUfG0Ycbi1cCbGK0HTNEjn77l6NlQEr8CMJCVAUPGcR8KmMPpxFH61mL6VSLM1gzTbwGOqjtrEENaYCvcOnbE0TR1Lqv2ps8jW1hRftzYAsUifcU9/s1600/Treaty+of+Paris+Vote++JOC+01-14-1784+Manuscript.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1030" data-original-width="1154" height="570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYTOa9wdFfZPwmbadErWJZQXeYKd9OUfG0Ycbi1cCbGK0HTNEjn77l6NlQEr8CMJCVAUPGcR8KmMPpxFH61mL6VSLM1gzTbwGOqjtrEENaYCvcOnbE0TR1Lqv2ps8jW1hRftzYAsUifcU9/s640/Treaty+of+Paris+Vote++JOC+01-14-1784+Manuscript.jpg" title="Treaty of Paris Proclamation, January 14, 1784, Manuscript image of the vote from the rough USCA Journals" width="640" /></a></div>
2737<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
2738</div>
2739<div style="text-align: center;">
2740<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2741</div>
2742<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2743<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Unanimously,
2744nine states being present, that the said definitive treaty be, and the same is
2745hereby ratified by the United States in Congress assembled, in the form following  A Proclamation To all persons to whom these
2746presents shall come greeting: Whereas definitive articles of peace and
2747friendship between the United States of America and his Britannic majesty, were
2748concluded and signed at Paris on the 3d day of September, 1783, by the
2749plenipotentiaries of the said United States, and of his said Britannic Majesty,
2750duly and respectively authorized for that purpose; which definitive articles
2751are in the words following:<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2752<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2753<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2754<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2755<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> ‘The Most Holy and Undivided Trinity ...</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Done at Paris, this third day of September,
2756in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three. (L. S.)
2757D. Hartley, (L. S.) John Adams, (L. S.) B. Franklin, (L. S.) John Jay.’  <o:p></o:p></i></span></span></span></div>
2758<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2759<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div>
2760<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2761<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In
2762testimony whereof, we have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto
2763affixed. Witness his Excellency <u>Thomas Mifflin, our President</u>, this
2764fourteenth day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred
2765and eighty four and in the eighth year of the sovereignty and independence of
2766the United States of America.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2767<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2768<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Resolved,
2769that the said ratification be transmitted with all possible despatch, under the
2770care of a faithful person, to our ministers in France, who have negotiated the

2771treaty, to be exchanged. <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2772<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2773<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2774<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2775<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Resolved,
2776that Colonel Josiah Harmar be appointed to carry the said ratification.  </span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn87" name="_ftnref87" title="">[87]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn87" name="_ftnref87" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
2777<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2778<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
2779<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2780<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Three copies were sent by
2781separate couriers to ensure delivery.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2782<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2783<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2784<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
2785<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ouqAO3JvQuaqMIK2ujZseVEiqDNoBTq42dNsUm1Y_NYyPr1hZLKwdMjm3HKkXkTADGE5ObyHTXwPcjCf7sxY7Hybtzqk80I1wDyqeouyyOvecP_OAqhlF5Ya2AuJZHRNklBs_HjY9Lo9/s1600/mifflin+treaty+large.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="President Thomas Mifflin Signed Treaty of Paris Proclamation - www.thomasmifflin.com" /></td></tr>
2786<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">United States in Congress Assembled  Treaty of Paris Ratification Proclamation signed by </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">President Thomas Mifflin and Secretary Charles Thomson.</span></td></tr>
2787</tbody></table>
2788<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;">
2789<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ouqAO3JvQuaqMIK2ujZseVEiqDNoBTq42dNsUm1Y_NYyPr1hZLKwdMjm3HKkXkTADGE5Ob

2789yHTXwPcjCf7sxY7Hybtzqk80I1wDyqeouyyOvecP_OAqhlF5Ya2AuJZHRNklBs_HjY9Lo9/s1600/mifflin+treaty+large.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span></a></div>
2790<div class="cm6" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
2791<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2792<div align="center" class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.2in;">
2793<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
2794<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBT3H47avXUmqXvIt8KZlNTJmvbdlILXB6YwPFyvJ_1ge1cxLz2bE2ZCQkBOpw2vn6e18glAqIRdOHqD4VPSwsx9209P8Cskf1FFi9ChhVg1gzY7oZcrdg1X5qA6Y7HXMM9XKulZXUk1Zk/s1600/USCA+Journals+01-16-1784+Ratification1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBT3H47avXUmqXvIt8KZlNTJmvbdlILXB6YwPFyvJ_1ge1cxLz2bE2ZCQkBOpw2vn6e18glAqIRdOHqD4VPSwsx9209P8Cskf1FFi9ChhVg1gzY7oZcrdg1X5qA6Y7HXMM9XKulZXUk1Zk/s1600/USCA+Journals+01-16-1784+Ratification1.jpg" title="Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled Containing  the Proceedings From the Third Day of November, 1783 to the Third Day of June, 1784 Open to the January 14th, 1784 vote on the Treaty of Paris Ratification.  Note that the Journals record that 11 of the 13 States had a total of 23 delegates present during the ratification vote.   The States of New Hampshire and New Jersey did not meet the two Delegate minimum per State mandated by the Articles of Confederation so their State's votes are not counted being marked with a black circle rather than the ay.  The remaining nine States that voted ay on the ratification met the Articles of Confederation State quorum minimum of nine to enact a Treaty. - Image Courtesy of Historic.us  -- http://www.thomasmifflin.com/" /></a></td></tr>
2795<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;">Journals of the United States in Congress Assembled Containing  the Proceedings From the Third Day of November, 1783 to the Third Day of June, 1784 Open to the January 14th, 1784 vote on the Treaty of Paris Ratification.  Note that the Journals record that 11 of the 13 States had a total of 23 delegates present during the ratification vote.   The States of New Hampshire and New Jersey did not meet the two Delegate minimum per State mandated by the Articles of Confederation so their State's votes are not counted being marked with a black circle rather than the ay.  The remaining nine States that voted ay on the ratification met the A</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;">rticles of Confederation State quorum minimum of nine to enact a Treaty.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;">   - </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;">-- Image Courtesy of Historic.us</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small; line-height: 150%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"> </span></td></tr>
2796</tbody></table>
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2823<i>United States, in Congress Assembled </i>Treaty
2824of Paris Proclamation<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn88" name="_ftnref88" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[88]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></span></div>
2825<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2826<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">King George III did not
2827ratify the treaty for Great Britain until April 9, 1784 and his signature
2828officially ended the American War for Independence. At the writing of this chapter
2829I am pleased to report the Treaty Proclamation is currently displayed
2830prominently at the National Archives in Washington D.C. with Mifflin's
2831signature, as <i>“Our President,” </i>boldly
2832penned just under the Great Seal of the United States and opposite of “<i>In the name of the most Holy and Undivided
2833Trinity.”(See above)<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
2834<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2835<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div>
2836<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2837<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Two days after
2838the Proclamation was issued to the people Mifflin turned to the then<span class="

2838apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Christian business</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>of electing a Federal Chaplin, he
2839writes to Daniel Jones:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2840<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2841<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2842<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2843<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">It is
2844with the greatest Satisfaction I enclose to you an Act of Congress of the 22d
2845Inst. by which you are unanimously elected their Chaplain. I need not inform
2846you that it is the wish of your friends that you attend as soon as your private
2847affairs will permit.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2848<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2849<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2850<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2851<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The end of
2852January had the President focus on a pressing border matter between
2853Massachusetts and Canada that threatened the peace of the treaty. The President
2854sent Governor Hancock the USCA recommendations and a brief letter on the 23rd
2855stating<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2856<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2857<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2858<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2859<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I have
2860the honor to transmit to your Excellency an Authenticated copy of the
2861ratification of the Definitive Treaty, together with the recommendation of
2862Congress conformably to the said Treaty.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2863<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
2864<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2865<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2866<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The 1783 Treaty of Paris
2867also freed American trade from British control. Robert Morris hired a ship and
2868through Mifflin's Congress, and the efforts of future U.S. President, James
2869Monroe, Congress granted the necessary ship’s papers to the Empress of China
2870opening U.S. trade to the Far East on January 30, 1784: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2871<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2872<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2873<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2874<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">We
2875the United States in Congress assembled, make known, that John Green, captain
2876of the ship called the Empress of China, is a citizen of the United States of
2877America, and that the ship which he commands belongs to citizens of the said

2878United States, and as we wish to see the said John Green prosper in his lawful
2879affairs, our prayer is to all the before mentioned, and to each of them
2880separately, where the said John Green shall arrive with his vessel and cargo, that
2881they may please to receive him with goodness, and treat him in a becoming
2882manner, permitting him upon the usual tolls and expenses in passing and
2883repassing, to pass, navigate and frequent the ports, passes and territories, to
2884the end, to transact his business where and in what manner he shall judge
2885proper, whereof we shall be willingly indebted. </span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn89" name="_ftnref89" title="">[89]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn89" name="_ftnref89" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2886<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2887<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
2888<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2889<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Empress of China was
2890actually three-masted, square-rigged 1783 privateer ship that was refitted for
2891commercial purposes due to the cessation of hostilities between Great Britain
2892and the United States. The ship left New York harbor on George Washington's
2893Birthday, February 22, 1784, transporting the first official representative of
2894the American government, Samuel Shaw, to China. 
2895The ship<i> </i>cargo was lead, 30 tons of ginseng, cotton, camel cloth,
28962,500 animal skins and several barrels of pepper. The ginseng, which grew wild
2897in North America, was the most profitable cargo as the Chinese valued its
2898healing powers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2899<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2900<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
2901<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2902<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On August 30, 1784 the
2903Empress of China reached Canton, China. Samuel Shaw, Captain Green and the crew
2904were not free to roam in China.  They
2905were limited to compounds called hongs where the Chinese merchants called to
2906trade. The trade was successful and the ship returned to New York City in May
29071785 filled with a cargo of tea, tableware, silks, exotic
2908plants, new metal alloys and nankeen (Chinese cotton)

2909netting Robert Morris over $30,000 inspiring a host of U.S. merchants to
2910enter into the Far East trade.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn90" name="_ftnref90" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[90]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>  Empress of China Partner and business agent
2911Major Samuel Shaw, who was in charge of 1784 mission, kept a meticulous journal<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn91" name="_ftnref91" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[91]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
2912and submitted his report to Foreign Secretary John Jay on May 19, 1785.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn92" name="_ftnref92" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[92]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>   Jay summarized the lengthy report to
2913President Hancock as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2914<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2915<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2916<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2917<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On
2918reading over the letter of Mr. Shaw, in which he gives an account of his voyage
2919in the ship Empress of China to Canton, I observe some paragraphs which, in my
2920opinion, merit the further attention of Congress. They are the following:<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2921<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2922<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2923<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2924<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"We
2925came to an anchor in the Straits of Sunda on the 18th July. It was no small
2926addition to our happiness on this occasion, to meet there two ships belonging
2927to our good allies the French. The Commodore, Monsieur D'Ordelin, and his
2928officers, welcomed us in the most affectionate manner; and as his own ship was immediately
2929bound to Canton, gave us an invitation to go in company with him. This friendly
2930offer we most cheerfully accepted, and the Commodore furnished us with his
2931signals by day and night, and added such instructions for our passage through
2932the Chinese seas as would have been exceedingly beneficial, had any unfortunate
2933accident occasioned our separation."<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2934<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2935<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2936<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2937<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"On
2938our arrival at the Island of Macao, the French Consul for China, Monsieur

2939Vieillard, with some other gentlemen of his nation, came on board to congratulate
2940and welcome us to that part of the world, and kindly undertook the introduction
2941of the Americans to the Portuguese Governor."<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2942<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2943<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2944<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2945<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Three
2946days afterwards we finished our outward-bound voyage." "When the
2947French sent their officers to congratulate us, they added to the obligations we
2948were already under to them, by furnishing men, boats, and anchors, to assist us
2949in coming to safe and convenient moorings; nor did their good offices stop
2950here—they furnished us with part of their own bank-sail; and insisted further,
2951that until we were settled, we should take up our quarters with them at
2952Canton." "Notwithstanding the treatment we received from all parties
2953was perfectly civil and respectful, yet, it was with peculiar satisfaction that
2954we experienced, on every occasion, from our good allies, the French, the most
2955flattering and substantial proofs of their friendship. 'If,' said they,' we
2956have in any instance been serviceable to you, we are happy; and we desire
2957nothing more ardently than further opportunities to convince you of our
2958affection.'"<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2959<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2960<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2961<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2962<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">As
2963the purpose for which that letter was committed, did not probably extend to
2964these paragraphs, I take the liberty of suggesting whether it would not be
2965proper to send a copy of that letter to Mr. Jefferson, and instruct him to
2966express to the French Minister, the sense which Congress entertain of the
2967friendly offices and civilities shown by the French officers in question to
2968that American ship; to request the favor of him to signify the same to them;
2969and to assure his most Christian Majesty that the people of the United States
2970will, on their part, be happy in opportunities of acknowledging these pleasing
2971acts of kindness, and of cultivating and continuing the same spirit of mutual
2972friendship which has hitherto so happily subsisted between the two nations.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn93" name="_ftnref93" title="">[93]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn93" name="_ftnref93" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
2973<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2974<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
2975<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2976<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Three months later, on
2977January 20, 1786, Foreign Secretary Jay recommended to the USCA that  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
2978<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2979<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
2980<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2981<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">As
2982the attention of American merchants begins to turn to the China and India
2983trade, and several of their vessels will probably be employed in it in the
2984course of this year, 1 take the liberty of submitting to the consideration of

2985Congress, the propriety of appointing a Consul and Vice Consul General for
2986Canton, and other parts in Asia. Such officers would have a degree of weight
2987and respect which private adventurers cannot readily acquire, and which would
2988enable them to render essential services to their countrymen, on various
2989occasions. More credit would be given by strangers to men who bring such
2990evidence of their merit, than to others whose characters cannot be so soon and
2991so certainly known; and their commission would give them more ready access to,
2992and greater influence with, Princes, Governors, and Magistrates, than private
2993merchants can in general expect.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
2994<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
2995<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
2996<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
2997<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On January 30, 1786, with
2998the USCA approval, Foreign Secretary John Jay sent Samuel Shaw his commission
2999as fir U.S. Counsel to China.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3000<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3001<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3002<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3003<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">I
3004have the honor of transmitting to you herewith enclosed, a commission
3005constituting you Consul of the United States at Canton, in China. You have my
3006best wishes, that you may derive advantages from this office equal to the honor
3007and propriety with which I am persuaded it will be exercised. Although neither
3008salary nor perquisites are annexed to it, yet so distinguished a mark of the
3009confidence and esteem of the United States, will naturally give you a degree of
3010weight and respectability which the highest personal merit cannot very soon
3011obtain for a stranger in a foreign country.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
3012<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3013<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3014<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3015<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">It
3016will not be necessary for me to dwell on the advantages your country may derive
3017from the information you may acquire. Permit me, however, to request the favor
3018of your correspondence, and that you will transmit to me, by proper
3019conveyances, whatever intelligence and observations you may think conducive to
3020the public good. The mercantile and other regulations at Canton respecting
3021foreigners; the number and size of foreign vessels, and of what nations, which
3022annually enter there; their cargoes, and what articles of merchandise answer
3023best; are matters which merit attention. It might also be useful to know
3024whether foreigners do, or can, carry on a circuitous trade in that part of the
3025world, either on their own account, or by being carriers for others, whether
3026Asiatic or European. Accurate information on all these points, will probably
3027require time to collect; and as accurate information only can be useful, I
3028cannot flatter myself with receiving ample details from you very soon after
3029your arrival, unless on such of these subjects as may not require much time to
3030investigate.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
3031<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3032<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3033<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3034<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I
3035shall not omit writing to you by every opportunity, and will do myself the
3036pleasure of sending you such information respecting our country, as, though
3037perhaps not very essential to you either as a Consul or a merchant, cannot fail
3038of being interesting to an American citizen early and strongly attached to his
3039country.</span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn94" name="_ftnref94" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[94]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">      
3040<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3041<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3042<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3043<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3044<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Unfortunately, the State
3045Department forgot to inform the President of the United States, Barack
3046Obama.  On the night of November 15, 2009
3047President Obama addressed a Shanghai China town hall meeting and spoke of the
30481784 Empress of China trade mission. The President said in part:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3049<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3050<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3051<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3052<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">However,
3053America's ties to this city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, to
3054the earliest days of America's independence. In 1784, our founding father, George

3055Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these
3056shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted
3057to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with
3058nations like China. This is a common American impulse -- the desire to reach
3059for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
3060<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3061<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3062<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3063<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">President Obama was correct
3064on the year but the U.S. President who signed Empress of China’s papers was
3065Thomas Mifflin and not George Washington. 
3066For a video of President Obama’s speech go to:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3067<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3068<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3069<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;">
3070<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/uqUtMVg-UFE?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></span></div>
3071<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
3072<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3073<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3074<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3075<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify;">
3076<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3077<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3078<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On the 31st
3079President Mifflin transmitted a copy of a letter from John Allan along with a
3080resolution passed on the 29th by Congress to Governor Hancock addressing the
3081Canadian border dispute. Allan, a United States agent in the eastern department
3082of Indian affairs, had claimed<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>"Consternation"<span class="

3082apple-converted-space"> </span></i>of Micmac, Passamaquody,
3083Penobscot, and St. Johns Indians over recent encroachments into their territory
3084from Nova Scotia. This was in breach of boundaries defined in the ratified<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Definitive Treaty of Peace</i>. The
3085governor was requested to make an examination of Allan's concerns, and if
3086British encroachments into the territory were found, to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>"send a representation thereof
3087to the British governor of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Nova
3088Scotia."</i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3089<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3090<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div>
3091<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3092<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The next day, a
3093financial report of the United States was submitted to Superintendent<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://superintendentoffinance.com/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Robert Morris </span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">by the grand committee of Congress. This grand committee, which
3094had been selected on January 23rd, had originally been assigned the
3095Superintendent's report of October 21, 1783, that instructed it draw up<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>"a requisition on the States
3096for the payment of Interest on the national debt."<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i>After the committee's initial
3097meeting on the 24th<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://thomasmifflin.com/thomasmifflin.org/mifflinct/thomas-jefferson.net"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Thomas
3098Jefferson</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">, who was elected chairman, moved<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>"that it be an instruction to
3099the Grand committee to prepare and report to Congress an estimate of current
3100expenses from the 1st day of January 1784 to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>the
31011st of Jan. 1785."<span class="apple-converted-space"> <o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></span></div>
3102<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3103<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></span></div>
3104<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3105<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On January 30th
3106the committee was also assigned a letter and note from the French Minister
3107concerning the payment of interest to foreign holders of loan office
3108certificates as well as other documents at later dates. Thomas Jefferson's
3109committed filed the following report:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3110<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3111<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3112<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3113<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">A grand
3114Committee of Congress is now engaged in preparing estimates of the necessary
3115federal expenses of the present year from the first to the last day of it,
3116inclusive and of the articles of interest on the public debts foreign &

3117domestic which call indispensably for intermediate provision while the impost
3118proposed ultimately for their discharge shall be on it's passage through the states;
3119these estimates are to lead to a new requisition of money from the states, but
3120the committee have hopes that this new requisition may be lessened if not
3121altogether dispensed with provided a full compliance can be obtained with the
3122former requisitions of Nov. 2, 1781, for 8 mil­lions of dollars & of
3123October 16, 1782, for 2 millions of dollars. They suppose that the requisition
3124of 8 millions was greater than all the objects of it did in event require. They
3125suppose further that some of these objects have been transferred to other
3126funds. Of course there will be a surplus remaining after all the demands paid
3127& payable out of this fund. In like manner the 2 millions having been part
3128of 6 millions estimated on a war establishment and peace taking place immediately
3129after, they expect a surplus may remain on this also after all payments made
3130& to be made out of it. These surpluses which will be reached by no former
3131appropriation & which are therefore fair­ly open to be newly appropriated
3132they ask of you to estimate according to the best of your information that they
3133may see how far an enforcement of them will go towards supplying the demands of
3134the current year: but that they may know how to call on the several states to
3135pay up their deficiencies, it will be necessary also for you to inform them
3136what proportion of these requisitions had been paid up by each state to the 1st
3137day of Jan. 1784.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3138<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3139<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3140<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3141<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another
3142object claimed the attention of the Committee. By a vote of Sep. 4, 1782,
31431,200,000 Dollars were required from the states for the special purpose of
3144paying inter­est, with a permission to them to pay first out of their quotas
3145the interest on loan office certificates and other liquidated debts, loaned or
3146contracted in their own states, so that the balance only was to be remitted to
3147the Continental Treasury. Have any such balances been remitted, or have you any
3148information how far the several states have proceeded to comply with this
3149requisition by payment of interest within their own state?</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3150<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3151<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3152<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3153<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">A former
3154committee had been appointed to revise the civil list and to adapt it to the
3155change of circumstances which peace has induced.(5) They have gone through that
3156work except so far as it relates to the department of Finance, by which I mean
3157to include the establishments in the several offices of the Superintendt,
3158Comptroller, Auditors, Register, Treasurer, & the Commissioners for
3159settling the accounts in the several states, and the accts of the Staff
3160departments. They hope from your letter in answer to one written you by Dr
3161Williamson their chairman that you are turning your attention to this subject
3162and that you will be so kind as to inform them whether any of the offices or
3163officers in that department may be dispensed with under present circumstances
3164so as to lessen it's expenses without endangering more substantial loss, a true
3165and laudable Economy being their object. I take the liberty of mentioning this
3166subject to you only because the Grand Committee under whose instructions I
3167write will of course be delayed in their estimates till the other committee
3168shall have made a full report on the civil list.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3169<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3170<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3171<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3172<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">With you
3173I know it is unnecessary to urge as early an answer as is practicable.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3174<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3175<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3176<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3177<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On February
317810th, in response to Schuyler's intelligence and warnings, Mifflin turned the
3179delegates' attention to Native American business. After a brief debate Congress
3180resolved to authorize Schuyler to assure the Six Nations<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3181<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3182<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3183<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3184<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">of the
3185protection of the United States, so long as they continue in the peaceable
3186disposition which they now manifest, and that a general treaty will be held
3187with them "as soon as the season and other necessary circumstances will
3188permit.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3189<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3190<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3191<div class="cm2" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3192<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On February 20th
3193Thomas Mifflin once again was forced to deal with sporadic delegate attendance
3194by certain states. He wrote His Excellency the Governor of New Hampshire as
3195well as the Governors of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, North
3196Carolina and Georgia the following letter:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3197<div class="cm2" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3198<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3199<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3200<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I think it a duty I owe to the
3201office I am honoured with, as well as to the Union, to inform your Excellency,
3202and thro' you the State over which you preside; that the great business of the
3203United States is at a stand, for want of a representation agreeable to the
3204Articles of Confederation. The Journal transmitted by the Secretary to your
3205Excellency, and which contains the proceedings of Congress, and an Account of
3206the States and Members present from the first Monday of November last to this
3207day, will convince your Excellency of the state of inactivity, to which the
3208affairs of the United States are reduced, for want of a full representation. At
3209this moment, there are many matters of the highest importance to the safety,
3210honor, and happiness of the United States, which require immediate Attention.
3211Among these I need only mention the establishing a general peace with the
3212Indians, and settling the western territory, the arranging our foreign Affairs,
3213and taking measures for securing our frontiers, preserving our stores and
3214Magazines; making requisitions for the expenses of the current year and for
3215satisfying the public Creditors.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3216<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3217<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I have only to add that by the
3218sickness of some of the Members, attending at Annapolis, we have had seven
3219States represented in Congress only three days since the sixth Inst.; as your

3220Excellency will observe by the enclosed certificate of the Secretary,(1) and,
3221that the Members present are dissatisfied with attending to no purpose, and are
3222very impatient under their situation. I am with the greatest Respect and
3223esteem,</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3224<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3225<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3226<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3227<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Your Excellency's Most Obedient
3228and humble Servant,</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3229<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin: 5pt 0in 13.5pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3230<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Thomas Mifflin<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3231<div class="cm17" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin: 5pt 0in 13.5pt 0.5in;">
3232</div>
3233<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3234<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><i>Enclosure of State Attendance:</i></span></span></div>
3235<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
3236<i style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></i></div>
3237<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3238<i style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Saturday February 7th, only five States attended.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></span></i></div>
3239<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3240<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
3241<span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></i>
3242</div>
3243<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3244<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Monday February 9th, only six.</span></i></span></span></i></div>
3245<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3246<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3247</span></span></i>
3248</div>
3249<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3250<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Tuesday & Wednesday 10th, and 11th seven States attended.</span></i></span></span></i></div>
3251<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3252<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3253</span></span></i>
3254</div>
3255<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3256<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Thursday February 12, only five States attended.<span class="

3256apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></span></span></i></div>
3257<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3258<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3259</span></span></i>
3260</div>
3261<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3262<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Friday February 13th, seven States attended,</span></i></span></span></i></div>
3263<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3264<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3265</span></span></i>
3266</div>
3267<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3268<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Monday Feby 16th, only five.</span></i></span></span></i></div>
3269<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3270<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3271</span></span></i>
3272</div>
3273<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3274<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Tuesday Feby. 17th, }</span></i></span></span></i></div>
3275<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3276<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3277</span></span></i>
3278</div>
3279<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3280<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Wednesday Feby, 18th, }<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></span></span></i></div>
3281<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3282<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3283</span></span></i>
3284</div>
3285<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3286<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Thursday Feby. 19th, } Only six States, attended.</span></i></span></span></i></div>
3287<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3288<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3289</span></span></i></div>
3290<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3291<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Friday Feby. 20th, }<span class="

3291apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></span></span></i></div>
3292<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3293</span></span></i>
3294<br />
3295<div style="text-align: justify;">
3296<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Saturday Feby. 21st, }</span></i></span></span></i></div>
3297<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3298</span></span></i>
3299<br />
3300<div style="text-align: justify;">
3301<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The States unrepresented, are New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Delaware,
3302and </span></i><i style="font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></i></span></span></i><br />
3303<div style="display: inline; text-align: justify;">
3304<div style="display: inline;">
3305<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Maryland, North Carolina and Georgia. </span></i></span></span></i></span></span></i></div>
3306</div>
3307<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 14.65pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">21 Feby. 1784.</span></span></span></i></div>
3308<i style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">
3309</span></span></i>
3310<br />
3311<div style="line-height: 20px;">
3312</div>
3313<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 14.65pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
3314<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3315<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3316<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin also
3317appended the following information to his letter to the President of

3318Pennsylvania, who is not among the addressees noted in Mifflin's letter book.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3319<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3320<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3321<div class="cm83" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3322<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">States not represented: New
3323Hampshire--One Delegate present. New York. New Jersey--One Delegate present.
3324Delaware--One Delegate present. Maryland--One Delegate attending. One sick.
3325North Carolina--One Delegate attendg. One sick. Georgia.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3326<div class="cm83" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in;">
3327<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3328<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3329<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">To the Governor
3330of New York, who was inquiring about direly needed garrisons, Mifflin wrote on
3331the 26rd:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3332<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3333<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3334<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3335<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I am
3336directed by Congress to inform your Excellency that "Nine States not
3337having been represented but for a few days since the Adjournment of Congress to
3338this place, the arrangement of Garrisons for the Western and Northern Posts has
3339not been entered upon nor can it be considered till the States become more
3340attentive to keep­ing up a full representation in Congress.The States not
3341represented are New Hampshire, New York, Delaware, Maryland and Georgia.  </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3342<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3343<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3344<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3345<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On the 23rd of
3346February a resolution was adopted upon the recommendation of the committee of
3347qualifications to provide greater uniformity in the election of delegates and

3348improve congressional atten­dance. It requested that the states appoint
3349delegates to one year terms, running from November to November to coincide with
3350the congressional year.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3351<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3352<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3353<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3354<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In March 1784, Congress
3355turned to an ordinance regarding the landed ceded to the United States by Great
3356Britain in the above Treaty. A congressional committee led by Thomas Jefferson
3357proposed dividing up sprawl­ing western territories (now known as Ohio,
3358Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota) into 14 territories. They
3359would remain territories until they had attained the same population as the
3360least populous state in America. At that point, the territories would become
3361states, and they would have the same rights as the original thirteen states.
3362The Ordinance of 1784 also guaranteed self-government to the residents of the
3363territories.  The USCA Journal report on
3364April 23, 1784:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3365<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3366<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3367<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3368<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">That
3369such temporary government shall only continue in force in any State until it
3370shall have acquired twenty thousand free inhabitants when giving due proof
3371thereof to Congress, they shall receive from them authority with appointments
3372of time and place, to call a convention of representatives to establish a
3373permanent constitution and government for themselves. Provided that both the
3374temporary and permanent governments be established on these principles as their
3375basis:<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
3376<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3377<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3378<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3379<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">First:</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> That they shall forever remain a part
3380of this confederacy of the United States of America. </span></i></span></span></div>
3381<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3382<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></i></div>
3383<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3384<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Second.</b> That in their persons, property and territory they shall be
3385subject to the government of the United States in Congress assembled and to the
3386Articles of Confederation in all those cases in which the original states shall
3387be so subject, [and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in
3388Congress assembled, conformable thereto. </span></span></i></div>
3389<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3390<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></i></div>
3391<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3392<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Third:</b>
3393That they in no case shall interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by
3394the United States in Congress Assembled, nor with the ordinances and
3395regulations which Congress may find necessary, for securing the title in such
3396soil to the bona fide purchasers. </span></span></i></div>
3397<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3398<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></i></div>
3399<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3400<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Fourth</b>.
3401That they shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to

3402be contracted, to be apportioned on them by Congress, according to the same
3403common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on the
3404other states. </span></span></i></div>
3405<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3406<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></i></div>
3407<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3408<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Fifth.</b> That no tax
3409shall be imposed on lands, the property of the United States.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
3410<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3411<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3412<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3413<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sixth.</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> That their respective governments shall
3414be in republican forms, and shall admit no person to be a citizen who holds any
3415hereditary title. That after the year 1800 of the Christian era, there shall be
3416neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of the said states, otherwise
3417than in punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been convicted the
3418have been personally guilty, republican. </span></i></span></span></div>
3419<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3420<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></i></div>
3421<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3422<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Seventh.</b>
3423That the lands of non-resident proprietors shall, in no case, be taxed higher
3424than those of residents within any new State, before the admission thereof to a
3425vote by its delegates in Congress.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
3426<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3427<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3428<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3429<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">That
3430whensoever any of the said states shall have, of free inhabitants, as many as
3431shall then be in any one the least numerous of the thirteen Original states,
3432such State shall be admitted by its delegates into the Congress of the United
3433States, on an equal footing with the said original states; provided nine states
3434agree to such admission, according to the reservation of the eleventh of the
3435Articles of Confederation. the consent of so many states in Congress is first
3436obtained as may at the time be competent to such admission. And in order to
3437adapt the said Articles of Confederation to the state of Congress when its
3438numbers shall be thus increased, it shall be proposed to the legislatures of
3439the states, originally parties thereto, to require the assent of two-thirds of
3440the United States in Congress assembled, in all those cases wherein, by the
3441said articles, the assent of nine states is now required, which being agreed to
3442by them, shall be binding on the new states. Until such admission by their
3443delegates into Congress, any of the said states, after the establishment of
3444their temporary government, shall have authority to keep a member in Congress,
3445with a right of debating but not of voting.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn95" name="_ftnref95" title="">[95]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn95" name="_ftnref95" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3446<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3447<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3448<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3449<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3450<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;">
3451<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7pNcvOeUxGbuZU0sNwQJbizVQWc8thdRH1zaOcRbCgaNGPo42TuScL-Q1LWYp6SMawfORYsRWGflibgZ2GJh_g12JaH0jkyhnqAmQVehW_iPvd3H3AF7TFtIMvOhxSykuXPQyLN_0-Xgw/s1600/Mifflin+Ordinance+of+1784+Map.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7pNcvOeUxGbuZU0sNwQJbizVQWc8thdRH1zaOcRbCgaNGPo42TuScL-Q1LWYp6SMawfORYsRWGflibgZ2GJh_g12JaH0jkyhnqAmQVehW_iPvd3H3AF7TFtIMvOhxSykuXPQyLN_0-Xgw/s640/Mifflin+Ordinance+of+1784+Map.jpg" title="Ordinance of 1784 Thomas Jefferson Map - www.thomasmifflin.com" width="482" /></span></a></div>
3452<div align="center" class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.2in;">
3453<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span><i style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.2in;">1784 Map Prepared by John Hartley</i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /><i>
3454 from Thomas Jefferson’s Ordinance of
34551784<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></span></div>
3456<div align="center" class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.2in;">
3457<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div>
3458<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3459<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">This proposal was passed on
3460April 23<sup>rd</sup> but without the sixth clause banning slavery in the
3461territory after 1800.  The abolition of
3462slavery was defeated by the Southern Contingent of the USCA, despite President

3463Mifflin and Delegate Thomas Jefferson’s support.   This ordinance, although amended in 1785 and
3464supplanted with the Ordinance of 1787, established a structure for the addition of new states born from new
3465federal territories. Above all, the Ordinance of 1784 stated that the new
3466states would enter the union equal to previously established states. The USCA
3467and the current tripartite government would adopt this blueprint in all future
3468laws designed to add new states to the Union.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3469<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3470<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
3471<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3472<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">On
3473April 26<sup>th</sup> the USCA, in its quest to find a permanent capital, a
3474motion was made to adjourn and reconvene in Trenton, New Jersey on October 30,
34751784.  The question of where to locate
3476the permanent capital of the United States beleaguered the USCA since it was
3477driven out of Philadelphia by its own military. 
3478The citizens of Trenton were determined to persuade the USCA to make
3479their town the permanent capital of the USA and the April 26<sup>th</sup>
3480resolution gave them the opportunity to demonstrate their hospitality.  </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Of note, the will of Dr.
3481David Cowell, <i>“a physician of respect,
3482and extensive practice,”</i> who died December 18, 1783 bequeathed <i>“one hundred pounds to the United States of
3483America, to be thrown into the fund for erecting public buildings at
3484Lamberton.”</i> This private gift was<i>
3485“the first legacy we recollect to have been given to the United States and is
3486respectable for a person of middle fortune.” </i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn96" name="_ftnref96" title="">[96]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn96" name="_ftnref96" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span><i> <o:p></o:p></i></span></span></span></div><div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">On n April 30th, the USCA ordered the Mutiny of 1783 arrest of Captain Carbery with this motion:</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%;"><i><blockquote>The committee, consisting of Mr. [Jacob] Read, Mr.[John] Montgomery and Mr. [Thomas] Stone, to whom it was referred to take order upon the report of a committee of the 23 day of April instant, on the motion of Mr. [Jacob] Read of the 16 day of March last, Report, That in virtue of the said order of the United States in Congress assembled, your committee took measures, and have caused Henry Carbery, late a captain in the Pennsylvania line of Continental roops, in the said report mentioned, to be arrested and brought before the Honorable Robert Goldsborough, one of the judges of the general court of the state of Maryland, for examination, and to be proceeded against according to law and justice. Your committee have caused to be laid before the said Judge, all such proofs and evidence

3486s of the nature and circumstances of the crime charged against the said Henry Carbery, as were on the files or in the possession of Congress. And your committee informed the said judge, that it was the sense of the United States in Congress assembled, that the said Henry Carbery, who is a fugitive from justice, ought to be tried according to the laws of Pennsylvania, in which state the offence charged against him was committed, and to the laws of which State he is amenable. Your committee recommend that the executive of the state of Maryland, be requested to take proper measures for the delivery of the body of the said Henry Carbery, to the executive of the state of Pennsylvania, or their order, that he may be dealt with according to law. -- Resolved, That Congress agree to the said report.</blockquote></i></div></span></span></span></span></span></div>
3487<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3488<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3489<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3490<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In May, the USCA turned to
3491debate on an appointment of a new U.S. Foreign Secretary.  Since Robert Livingston had resigned there
3492was little communication from President Mifflin to Commissioner John Jay,
3493Benjamin Franklin and John Adams after the treaty’s ratification.  The commissioners’ original USCA orders did
3494not permit them to negotiate commercial treaties with England, France and any
3495other country.  Accounts of John Jay’s
3496missions both in France and Spain were complex and had to be settled so he
3497remained in France completing the accounting and waiting for new USCA orders.  By spring, Jay had completed the accounting
3498and his wife already <i>en route</i> to New
3499York. He seemed content with leaving trade treaties to Adams and Franklin and
3500set sail for New York arriving in July.  
3501Jay was unaware the USCA elected him the new Foreign Secretary on May 7<sup>th</sup>
3502to serve in yet another new U.S. Capitol at Trenton, New Jersey.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3503<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3504<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3505<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3506<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Thereupon,
3507Congress proceeded to the election, and being this day informed by a letter of
3508the 9 of March last, from the hon. Dr. Franklin, that the hon. Mr. J. Jay,
3509proposed to embark for America, in the month of April, and this information
3510corresponding with the intelligence communicated to Congress by Mr. Jay
3511himself, in his letters of last year, Mr. Jay was put in nomination; and, the
3512ballots being taken, The hon Mr. John Jay was elected Secretary for foreign
3513affairs, having been previously nominated by Mr. [Elbridge] Gerry.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn97" name="_ftnref97" title="">[97]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn97" name="_ftnref97" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3514<div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3515<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3516<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3517<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">     Upon his arrival he was presented with a
3518letter from Charles Thomson that stated:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3519<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3520<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3521<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3522<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I
3523have the pleasure to inform you that on the 7th of May Congress elected you

3524Secretary for foreign affairs. I do not know how you will be pleased with the
3525appointment, but this I am sure of that your country stands in need of your
3526abilities in that Office. I feel sensibly that it is not only time but highly
3527necessary for us to think and act like a sovereign as well as a free people.
3528And I wish this sentiment were more deeply impressed on the members of every
3529state in the Union. The opportunities you will have of corresponding not only
3530with the executives but with the several legislatures, in discharging the
3531duties of your office, will I trust greatly contribute to raise & promote
3532this spirit. And this is a reason why I wish you were here to enter on the
3533business. On the same day that you were elected to the Office for foreign
3534affairs, Congress appointed M.r Jefferson in addition to Mr. J Adams and Mr.
3535Franklin for the purpose of negotiating commercial treaties with the powers of
3536Europe.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn98" name="_ftnref98" title="">[98]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn98" name="_ftnref98" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3537<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3538<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3539<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3540<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">John Jay had not sought this
3541office and was surprised by the appointment. 
3542His plans were to re-establish his private legal practice in New York
3543and simply to brief Congress on his missions to Spain and England that resulted
3544in the Treaty of Paris.  His status in
3545New York was that of a celebrity and statesman and many events were held in his
3546honor:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3547<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3548<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3549<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3550<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He
3551was presented with the freedom of the city in a gold box, 'as a pledge of our
3552affection;' such was the language of the accompanying address by the
3553Corporation, 'and of our sincere wishes for your happiness.'</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn99" name="_ftnref99" title="">[99]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn99" name="_ftnref99" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3554<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3555<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3556<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3557<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The USCA during Jay’s return
3558was plagued with quorum failures to such an extent that he was unable to file a
3559full report. The attendance of the thirteen States had become more and more
3560desperate after the ratification of the peace treaty.  The public was no longer interested in
3561federal matters and the states were generally satisfied to go their separate
3562ways with the war now at an end.  This
3563had the effect of drawing the best minds into state governments and leaving a
3564USCA filled with men who were not influential and decisive.  As in the case of Annapolis, there were a few
3565great minds present or who had a passionate attachment to the idea of
3566nationality.  Thomas Jefferson wrote to
3567his governor:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3568<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3569<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3570<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3571<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">We
3572have but nine states present, seven of which are represented by only two
3573members each. There are 14 gentlemen then, any one of which differing from the
3574rest, stops our proceeding, for all these questions require the concurrence of
3575nine states. We shall proceed in a day or two to take them up, and it is my
3576expectation that after having tried several of them successively and finding it
3577impossible to obtain a single determination, Congress will find it necessary to
3578adjourn till the spring, first informing the states that they adjourn because
3579from the in attendance of members their business cannot be done, recommending
3580to them to instruct and enable their members to come on at the day a

3580ppointed,
3581and that they constantly keep three at the least with Congress while it shall
3582be setting. I believe if we had thirteen states present represented by three
3583members each we could clear off our business in two or three months, and that
3584hereafter a session of two or three months in the year would suffice.</span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn100" name="_ftnref100" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[100]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">   
3585<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3586<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3587<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3588<div class="cm87" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3589<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">By mid-May Thomas
3590Mifflin's hopes were to complete his term as President before the start of
3591summer. Once again the States were under represented. Believing that it would
3592be impossible for a letter to reach the more distant States in time for
3593congressional final action and adjournment, the President wrote only his
3594Excellency Nicholas Van Dyke of Delaware on May 11th, 1784:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3595<div class="cm87" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3596<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3597<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3598<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">I have the Honor
3599to inform your Excellency that there are Subjects of considerable importance
3600which demand the immediate attendance of your Delegates in Congress, which must
3601necessarily be postponed unless they come forward without Delay, Congress
3602having determined to adjourn on the 3d day of June next.</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3603<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3604<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3605<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3606<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">On May 15th President Mifflin directed
3607Secretary of War, Henry Knox:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3608<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">
3609<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3610<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3611<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">"to open a
3612Correspondence with the Commander in Chief of his Britannic Majesty's Forces in
3613Canada in order to ascertain the precise time when each of the Posts with­in
3614the Territories of the United States now occupied by British Troops shall be
3615deliv­ered up. You are also to endeavor to effect an exchange with the British
3616Commanding Officer in Canada of the Cannon and Stores at the Posts to be
3617evacuated, for Cannon and Stores to be delivered at West Point, New York or
3618some other convenient place, and if this cannot be accomplished, that then you
3619cause the compliment of Cannon and Stores requisite for those Posts to be in
3620readiness to be transported in the most convenient and expeditious manner
3621possible."</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3622<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3623<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3624<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3625<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">General Knox responded
3626suggesting that he order<span class="

3626apple-converted-space"> </span><i>"a
3627confidential field officer to repair to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Canada,
3628who will be able upon the spot to negotiate the affair much sooner than it
3629could be done by Letters."<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i>Congress
3630immediately endorsed Knox's request.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td><img alt="" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcayol5qpV5hHXosX5nqhVcK00tkDuGdnb1IEPB_OyhXkG3NMZViwuu3-7WyVjl4N6LDzvSJ9s_Gxu9prFp6OFf-3gxKqKqyc5Z0E0xgeMxK5uUtyg3zASOwPgB1zscpNXBNQM4UPKD0hP/s320/Mifflin.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="President Thomas Mifflin Medallion - www.thomasmifflin.com" width="320" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><a href="http://www.coinact.us/" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Click Here</a><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: bold;"> to view the US Mint & Coin Acts 1782-1792</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcayol5qpV5hHXosX5nqhVcK00tkDuGdnb1IEPB_OyhXkG3NMZViwuu3-7WyVjl4N6LDzvSJ9s_Gxu9prFp6OFf-3gxKqKqyc5Z0E0xgeMxK5uUtyg3zASOwPgB1zscpNXBNQM4UPKD0hP/s1600/Mifflin.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span></a></div><b style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 36px;"></b></span></span></span></div>
3631<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3632<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3633<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3634<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">In May, while<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://thomasmifflin.com/thomasmifflin.org/mifflinct/benjaminfranklin.org"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">Benjamin
3635Franklin's</span></a><span class="

3635apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">efforts
3636were underway for the United States and France to reach agreement on a consular
3637convention in France a foreign relations crisis gripped Pennsylvania. Charles
3638Julien chevalier de Longchamps assaulted the French Consul General in
3639Philadelphia.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3640<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3641<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3642<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3643<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">Chevalier de La Luzerne
3644advised Thomas Mifflin of this attack on May 20th claiming it a breach of
3645diplomatic privilege. The issued of Longchamps' attack on Marbois that
3646illuminated the rights of diplomatic officials and the obligation of the
3647Federal government to protect and defend foreign dignitaries was a topic of
3648heated debate in Congress. The United States in Congress Assembled did little
3649more than offer a reward of $500 for Longchamps' capture and urged the states
3650to assist in his apprehension as their hands were tied by a weak Federal
3651Constitution. The real issue of the Marbois-Longchamps affair shifted from
3652foreign policy to states rights. The acts of Philadelphia and the government of
3653Pennsylvania prevented the incident from escalating into a cause that would
3654undermine federal-state relations. Pennsylvania, much to the pleasure of the
3655Thomas Jefferson (the recently appointed U.S. Minister to France currently in
3656Philadelphia), quickly apprehended Longchamps.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3657<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3658<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3659<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3660<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">The issue, however, did
3661not end here as despite the Pennsylvania Supreme Court handing out a stiff
3662sentence to Longchamps the French wanted him extradited to France. Pennsylvania
3663refused and then Marbois started to pressure the Confederation Congress to
3664intervene and overrule the State's position. The United States in Congress
3665Assembled was again faced with a Confederation Constitutional crisis on issues
3666concerning foreign policy and the scope permitted under the Federal law. This
3667and similar matters were never ultimately settled between the States and the
3668Federal government until the 2nd Constitution superseded the Articles of
3669Confederation in 1789.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3670<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3671<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3672<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3673<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">Mifflin's term as President
3674all but ended with this affair and the resolution implementing the Committee of
3675States. One of his concluding letters as President concerned Dr. Gordon's
3676request to access Washington's papers and to Continental documents for the
3677writing his history of the American Revolution. Mifflin wrote George Washington
3678his final let­ter as President on May 31st:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3679<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3680<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3681<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 13.55pt; margin-left: 0.5in;">
3682<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“Doctor Gordon having applied to Congress
3683for access to their records and for their Countenance to his Admission to your
3684Papers they have passed the enclosed </span></span></i></div>
3685<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 13.55pt; margin-left: 0.5in;">
3686<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3687<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 13.55pt; margin-left: 0.5in;">
3688<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Resolutions which I transmit to you at the
3689request of the Doctor.</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3690<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 13.55pt; margin-left: 0.5in;">
3691<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3692<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3693<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">On Friday I
3694expect to have the Pleasure of seeing Mount Vernon in Company with Mrs. Mifflin
3695and Mr. Lloyds family--But there is a possibility that we shall not proceed
3696farther than Alexandria on that day as the setting of Congress on Thursday may
3697be so late as to prevent my leaving Annapolis before Friday mornings. At every
3698event I have determined not to see Philadelphia before I have the Satisfaction
3699of paying a Visit at Mount Vernon."</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
3700<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 36.15pt; text-align: justify;">
3701<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3702<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3703<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On May 29<sup>th</sup> the
3704USCA, on the recommendation of Thomas Jefferson’s Committee of three, appointed
3705a Committee of the States <i>"to sit in
3706the recess of Congress."</i>  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3707<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3708<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3709<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3710<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Resolved,
3711That the Committee of the states, which shall be appointed pursuant to the
3712ninth of the Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union, to sit in the
3713recess of Congress, for transacting the business of the United States, shall
3714possess all the powers which may be exercised by seven states in Congress
3715assembled, except those of sending Ambassadors, ministers, envoys, residents,
3716consuls or agents, to foreign countries or courts; establishing rules for
3717deciding what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner
3718prizes taken by land or naval forces, in the service of the United States,
3719shall be divided or appropriated; establishing courts for receiving and

3720determining finally appeals in cases of capture; constituting courts for
3721deciding disputes and differences arising between two or more states; fixing
3722the standard of weights and measures for the United States; changing the rate
3723of postage on the papers passing through the post offices established by
3724Congress; and generally of repealing or contravening any Ordinance or act
3725passed by Congress; … <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
3726<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3727<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3728<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3729<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Congress
3730proceeded to appoint "a committee of the states;" and, the ballots
3731being taken, the following members were elected: For New Hampshire, Mr.
3732Blanchard. Massachusetts, Mr. Dana. Rhode Island, Mr. Ellery. Connecticut, Mr.
3733Sherman. New York, Mr. De Witt. New Jersey, Mr. Dick. Pennsylvania, Mr. Hand.
3734Maryland, Mr. Chase. Virginia, Mr. Hardy. North Carolina, Mr. Spaight. South
3735Carolina, Mr. Read.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn101" name="_ftnref101" title="">[101]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn101" name="_ftnref101" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3736<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3737<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3738<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3739<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Historian Edmund Burnett
3740writes of this 1784 committee:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3741<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3742<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3743<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3744<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Although
3745such a committee, to sit during the recess of Congress, was provided for by the
3746Articles of Confederation, this was the first instance in which it had been
3747called into being, and it was also the last. Contrary to its earlier
3748expectations, Congress had sat almost continuously, with scarce a break in its
3749sessions, since its assembling in May, 1775. The Committee of the States was
3750therefore an experiment. That it was not altogether a successful one it is one
3751of the purposes of this paper to show. The committee accomplished nothing of
3752first-rate importance. Its career was brief; it was also checkered; it ended in
3753fiasco. </span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn102" name="_ftnref102" title="">[102]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn102" name="_ftnref102" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3754<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3755<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3756<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3757<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The USCA failed to follow
3758Jefferson and his committee’s recommendation that the Committee of the States
3759should be headed by the President of the USCA. 
3760In a later resolution he was actually removed from heading the committee
3761with the members electing their own chair. 
3762Additionally, the States were permitted to interchange members at their
3763discretion.  Most damaging to committee’s
3764effectiveness was the resolve that declared that no question, except that of
3765adjournment, could be decided without the voice of nine states.  The committee made its debut with a nine
3766state quorum on July 8 and held it intermittently until August 9th.  It never exceeded the nine states thereby
3767making it necessary for unanimous agreement to enact even the simplest
3768matter.   By August 13<sup>th</sup>, the
3769members reporting number six and they passed the following resolution issued by
3770Secretary Charles Thomson on August 19, 1784:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3771<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3772<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3773<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3774<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Whereas
3775the honorable the delegates from the states of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts,
3776and New-Jersey, did on Wednesday, the eleventh day of the present month of
3777August, leave the city of Annapolis, and set out for their respective homes,

3778whereby the Committee of the States hath been reduced to a number insufficient
3779to do any manner of business; and whereas the continuance to meet from day to
3780day, of the remaining members, without the power to do any public act, will be
3781unnecessary; and as they do not conceive there is the smallest hope, that a
3782sufficient number of delegates can again be assembled at Annapolis, to enable
3783the Committee of the States to proceed to business, before the time appointed
3784for the meeting of Congress pursuant to their adjournment, and it is proper
3785that the public papers and records should be removed as speedily as may be to
3786Philadelphia, till offices can be prepared for their reception at Trenton: The
3787undersigned delegates have recommended to the Secretary of Congress, to take
3788order for the immediate removal and safe arrangement and disposition of the
3789papers and records of Congress. </span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn103" name="_ftnref103" title="">[103]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn103" name="_ftnref103" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3790<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3791<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3792<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3793<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
3794<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3795<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Committee of the States
3796was gone, never to be reinstated. Delegate James Monroe said in November 1784
3797that there was talk of having a congressional investigation of the committee.
3798No investigation was ever made into the collapse of the committee.  The chief lesson that came from Annapolis and
3799the Committee of the States was an executive of the plurality was not an
3800effective from of government. Burnett concludes in is work on the Committee of
3801the States:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3802<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3803<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3804<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3805<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Its
3806farcical ending formed a fitting climax to the increasing failure of Congress
3807to fulfill the requirements of a union of the States, and brought ridicule not
3808only upon itself but upon Congress. Its utter failure to accomplish the
3809purposes for which it was created emphasized the weakness inherent in the
3810Confederation as constituted, and through the very disgust which it aroused
3811gave a powerful impetus to the agitation, already begun, for a stronger
3812government, a more perfect union.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn104" name="_ftnref104" title="">[104]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn104" name="_ftnref104" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3813<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3814<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
3815<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3816<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">President Thomas Mifflin, as
3817most historians mistakenly maintain, did not remain in Annapolis to Chair the
3818Committee of the States.  Mifflin
3819returned to Pennsylvania and after the committee’s collapse did not heed the

3820call of the USCA to be reassembled in Trenton on November 1, 1784.  The USCA Journals Chronology of Mifflin's
3821presidency is as follows: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3822<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3823<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3824<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="line-height: 20px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
3825<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcPBhjwjdZiOTBAhKVHZHyJRLTnvE4bWRYwPJjO7d5fKp9bg8LLnT5TKjZPKQKlhO1Z5__DHDfKKP4rc9K6q8TkVHhWKJJ32UlpEXFkCUBNDQCdChUnYB5n3tO1klTSVgrt7e849TZbIAe/s320/05_mg.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="President Thomas Mifflin and Maryland State House Medallion - www.thomasmifflin.com" width="320" /></td></tr>
3826<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.coinact.com/" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: bold;">Click Here</a><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: bold;"> to view the US Mint & Coin Acts 1782-1792</span></td></tr>
3827</tbody></table>
3828<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;">
3829<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcPBhjwjdZiOTBAhKVHZHyJRLTnvE4bWRYwPJjO7d5fKp9bg8LLnT5TKjZPKQKlhO1Z5__DHDfKKP4rc9K6q8TkVHhWKJJ32UlpEXFkCUBNDQCdChUnYB5n3tO1klTSVgrt7e849TZbIAe/s1600/05_mg.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"></span></a></div>
3830<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
3831<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3832<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3833<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1783 - November 3</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Convenes new Congress;
3834elects Thomas Mifflin president (elects Daniel Carroll chairman in the
3835president's absence). November 4 Authorizes discharge of the Continental Army-
3836"except 500 men, with proper officers." Adjourns to Annapolis, to
3837reconvene the 26th. <o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3838<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3839<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3840<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3841<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">December 13</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Reconvenes at Annapolis.
3842December 15 Fails to convene quorum. December 16 Reads foreign dispatches.
3843December 17 Fails to convene quorum. December 22 Holds public entertainment for
3844General Washington. December 23 Appeals to unrepresented states to maintain
3845congressional attendance; receives Washington and accepts his resignation.
3846December 27 Receives report on capital location. December 29<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3847<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3848<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3849<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3850<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">January 1</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Fails to convene quorum.
38511784 January 3 Resolves to receive Francis Dana, "relative to his mission
3852to the Court of Russia." January 5 Rejects proposal to nominate knights to
3853the Polish Order of Divine Providence. January 8 Debates Quaker petition for
3854suppression of the slave trade. January 10 Fails to convene quorum. January 14
3855Ratifies definitive treaty of peace, "nine states being present";
3856recommends that the states "provide for the restitution of"
3857confiscated loyalist property. January 15 Acquiesces in public creditor demand
3858that loan office certificate interest not be subject to depreciation. January
385917-20 Fails to convene quorum. January 21 Rejects motion denying Continental
3860jurisdiction in Lusannah admiralty appeal. January 22 Halts plan to dispose of
3861military stores. January 23 Sets date for selecting judges to determine
3862"the private right of soil" in the Wyoming Valley. January 26 Narrows
3863half-pay eligibility rules. January 27-28 Fails to convene quorum. January 30
3864Grants sea-letters for The Empress of China voyage to Canton. <br />
3865<br />
3866<b>February 3</b> Creates post of
3867undersecretary to revive office for foreign affairs. February 4-5 Fails to
3868convene quorum. February 6 Issues brevet promotions for departing foreign
3869officers. February 7-9 Fails to convene quorum. February 10 Plans general
3870treaty with Native American nations of the northern department. February 11
3871Registers commissions of five French consuls and five vice-consuls. February 12
3872Fails to convene quorum. February 16-23 Fails to convene quorum. February 24
3873Postpones debate on garrisoning frontier posts for failure of nine-state
3874representation. February 27 Commends Marquis de la Rouerie; deadlocks over
3875appointment of a secretary for foreign affairs.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3876<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3877<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3878<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3879<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">March 1</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Receives Indiana Company petition;
3880accepts Virginia cession of western land claims; reads western land ordinance
3881report. March 2 Elects Henry Remsen under secretary for foreign affairs;
3882deadlocks over appointment of a secretary. March 4 Elects commissioners to
3883negotiate with the Native Americans. March 5 Debates plans for holding treaty with
3884the Native Americans. March 10 Fails to convene quorum. March 12 Rejects
3885Connecticut protest against half-pay plan. March 13 Rejects Delaware delegate
3886credentials, exceeding three-year limitation. March 16 Bars appointment of
3887aliens to consular and other foreign posts. March 19 Adopts instructions for
3888Native American commissioners. March 22-25 Postpones debate on Lusannah
3889admiralty appeal. March 23 Rejects credentials of Massachusetts delegate Samuel
3890Osgood. March 26 Affirms that in negotiating commercial treaties these United
3891States be considered . . . as one nation, upon the principles of the federal
3892constitution." March 30 Sets quotas and adopts fiscal appeal to the
3893states; rejects motion denying Continental jurisdiction in Lusannah appeal.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3894<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3895<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3896<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3897<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">April 1-2</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Debates report on
3898negotiating commercial treaties. April 5 Adopts appeal to the states on arrears
3899of interest payments on the public debt. April 6 Reads report on maintaining
3900frontier garrisons. April 8 Instructs agent of marine on sale of Continental ships.
3901April 12 Debates public debt. April 14 Debates motion to adjourn from Annapolis

3902to various proposed sites. April 16 Instructs "commissioners for treating
3903with the Native American nations." April 19 Debates western land
3904ordinance; deletes anti-slavery paragraph. April 20-21 Debates western land
3905ordinance. April 23 Debates western land ordinance. April 24 Receives New York
3906memorial concerning the Vermont dispute.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftn105" name="_ftnref105" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[105]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
3907April 26 Resolves to adjourn June 3, to reconvene at Trenton October 30;
3908debates capital's location. April 27-28 Debates public debt. April 28 Orders
3909arrest of Henry Carbery, leader of Pennsylvania mutiny. April 29 Exhorts states
3910to complete western land cessions. April 30 Requests states to vest Congress
3911with power to regulate trade "for the term of fifteen years."<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3912<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3913<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3914<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3915<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">May 3</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Reaffirms secrecy rule on foreign
3916dispatches; receives French announcement on opening free ports to US trade. May
39175 Debates retrenchment of the civil list. May 7 Sets diplomatic salaries;
3918appoints John Jay secretary for foreign affairs. May 11 Adopts instructions for
3919negotiation of commercial treaties. May 12 Resolves to request delivery of
3920frontier posts to US troops. May 15 Debates disqualification of Rhode Island
3921delegates. May 17 Receives announcement of French Minister La Luzerne's
3922intention to return to France. May 18 Orders troops for the protection of
3923Native American commissioners. May 19-24 Debates disqualification of Rhode
3924Island delegates. May 21-22 Fails to convene quorum. May 25-27 Debates
3925garrisoning frontier posts. May 28 Adopts "Ordinance for putting the
3926department of finance into Commission"; reads proposed land ordinance and
3927report on Native American affairs. May 29 Appoints Committee of the States
3928"to sit in the recess of Congress," and adopts resolutions defining
3929its powers and rules. Offers reward for arrest of chevalier de Longchamps for
3930assault on the French consul general, the marquis de Barbe-Marbois. May 31
3931Debates garrisoning frontier posts. <o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span><br />
3932<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></span></span>
3933<br />
3934<div style="text-align: center;">
3935<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></span></span></div>
3936<div style="text-align: center;">
3937<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></div>
3938<div class="cm80" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.5px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
3939</div>
3940<br />
3941<div class="separator" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; clear: both; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
3942<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqraxVMIDQnuZv9G6yGX4WUiPNE91e2ZZ2nFIEMxK8ojZi8jZFCbzAlP9TuXhFD-lzdVkheUGtOpk9lyCDrFUL6sLQIi0D5d-dJginc6zZbUIj8OfzwVqJpgYUYq7AQDeJap5zz_o3WdA1/s1600/mifflin+promissory+note.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqraxVMIDQnuZv9G6yGX4WUiPNE91e2ZZ2nFIEMxK8ojZi8jZFCbzAlP9TuXhFD-lzdVkheUGtOpk9lyCDrFUL6sLQIi0D5d-dJginc6zZbUIj8OfzwVqJpgYUYq7AQDeJap5zz_o3WdA1/s640/mifflin+promissory+note.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
3943</div>
3944<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3945<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3946<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3947<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">June 1</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Resolves
3948to meet thrice daily until adjournment. June 2 Orders discharge of Continental
3949troops "except 25 privates to guard the stores at Fort Pitt, and 55 to
3950guard the stores at West Point." June 3 Instructs ministers
3951plenipotentiary not to relinquish navigation of the Mississippi; authorizes
3952call of 700 militiamen to protect the northwestern frontiers; elects three
3953treasury commissioners; adjourns "to meet at Trenton on the 30th day of
3954October. <o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3955<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3956<i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></i></div>
3957<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
3958<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">July
39595</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Committee of the States convenes, adopts rules, meets in
396020 regular sessions to August 3. <b>August
39614-19</b> Committee of the States fails to convene quorum, except briefly on
3962August 9, and dissolves amid controversy. <b>November
39631</b> Convenes at Trenton, two states represented.</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></div>
3964<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3965<br /></div>
3966<div class="cm85" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3967<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin’s interest in
3968politics did not end with the Presidency. He was a member of the Pennsylvania
3969Legislature and was elected speaker of that body in 1785.</span></span><br />
3970<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
3971<br />
3972<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
3973<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZetSIwel2DARTczP-rwpH_zc1AROsCexJ3wtNi-WbGtAY_HXjC_RH2LdbNajz7YecwoTUysdzrluP_ZPMVBYaTqTBOVdH2OjuW3MQkiG_1XLm5EObEMG_G_rD1RGAG_Lp-F7PNYjsY8vp/s1600/Thomas+Mifflin+1786+DS.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="764" data-original-width="1564" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZetSIwel2DARTczP-rwpH_zc1AROsCexJ3wtNi-WbGtAY_HXjC_RH2LdbNajz7YecwoTUysdzrluP_ZPMVBYaTqTBOVdH2OjuW3MQkiG_1XLm5EObEMG_G_rD1RGAG_Lp-F7PNYjsY8vp/s640/Thomas+Mifflin+1786+DS.jpg" title="Front: Pay to Jacob Shallus, Esq on order twenty-eight pounds for his pay as Assistant Clerk to the Assembly.  September 27, 1786, Thomas Mifflin, Speaker,  David Rittenhouse, Esq, [Treasurer of Pennsylvania]  Attest Jhn Nicholson [Controller General of Pennsylvania] Reverse: October 11th, 1786 Received the contents Jacob Shallus" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
3974<tr><td class="tr-caption"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
3975<span style="font-size: small;">Front: <i>Pay to Jacob Shallus, Esq on order twenty-eight pounds for his pay as Assistant Clerk to the Assembly.  September 27, 1786</i>, <i>Thomas Mifflin, Speaker</i>,  <i>David Rittenhouse</i>, <i>Esq,</i> [Treasurer of Pennsylvania]  <i>Attest</i> <i>Jhn Nicholson</i> [Controller General of Pennsylvania] Reverse: <i>October 11th, 1786 Received the contents Jacob Shallus</i></span></blockquote>
3976</td></tr>
3977</tbody></table>
3978<div style="text-align: center;">
3979<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3980<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"> In 1787, Mifflin was
3981elected as a delegate to the Philadelphia convention that framed the current
3982Constitution of the United States. Mifflin attended regularly, but made no
3983speeches and did not play a substantial forensic role in the Convention. He
3984signed the new Constitution on September 17, 1787.</span><br />
3985<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3986<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3987<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mifflin was elected a member
3988of the <i>Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania </i>in 1788, succeeded to
3989its presidency, and filled that office until 1790. He presided over the
3990convention that was called to devise a new constitution for Pennsylvania, was
3991elected the first governor over Arthur St. Clair in a landslide victory.  <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
3992<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3993<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
3994<div class="cm80" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
3995<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">He was then re-elected for
3996the two successive terms of three years each. He raised Pennsylvania's quota of
3997troops for the suppression of the Whiskey Insurrection, and served during the
3998campaign under General Henry Lee, of Virginia. Governor Mifflin was a member of
3999the American Philosophical Society from 1768 until his death.</span></span></div>
4000<div class="cm2" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
4001<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Not being eligible under the
4002constitution for a fourth term in the governor's chair, he was elected in 1799
4003to the assembly, during which time he affiliated himself with the emerging
4004Republican Party. Thomas Mifflin, like his colleague Thomas Jefferson, was
4005wealthy most of his life, but was a copious spender. Demands from his creditors
4006forced him to leave Philadelphia in 1799, and he died in Lancaster the
4007following year at age 56. Pennsylvania remunerated his burial expenses.  President Mifflin is buried at Trinity Lutheran
4008Church, 31 South Duke Street, Lancaster, PA 17602. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
4009<div class="cm2" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
4010<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
4011<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center;">
4012<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigVbVo8FkS-8kgYOCPKvYcI_bkLFOHq07VvGBCUCOadXsjFkTqmuLYuaOK2QC8yftKsAPDRcKsEBmQ9XbH0Z-v26PK00fGrUVZNx9xU7D

40125KdidsVUK3MZ1dAMiJ5TgsJgJmd-ZGV12mUJY/s1600/mifflin+grave2.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><img alt="" border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigVbVo8FkS-8kgYOCPKvYcI_bkLFOHq07VvGBCUCOadXsjFkTqmuLYuaOK2QC8yftKsAPDRcKsEBmQ9XbH0Z-v26PK00fGrUVZNx9xU7D5KdidsVUK3MZ1dAMiJ5TgsJgJmd-ZGV12mUJY/s640/mifflin+grave2.jpg" title="President Thomas Mifflin Grave - www.thomasmifflin.com" width="640" /></span></a></div>
4013<div class="cm2" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
4014<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
4015<div align="center" class="cm2" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
4016<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
4017 id="Picture_x0020_63" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="mifflingrave bw"
4018 style='width:264pt;height:187.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
4019 <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Mariesha\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg"
4020  o:title="mifflingrave bw"/>
4021</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4022<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
4023<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i>Mifflin's Grave - Just as the
4024“Almighty” saw fit to have Adams, Jefferson, and Monroe all expire on July 4th,
4025a penniless Thomas Mifflin is buried, only one month after his 3rd term as PA
4026Governor, on the grounds of The Lutheran Church of the Holy Trinity in downtown
4027Lancaster. Amazingly as one inspects his tombstone there is no mention of his
4028United States Presidency or his ratification of the Treaty that ended the war
4029with Great Britain. The Lutheran Church of the Holy Trinity sign, however,
4030casts an unusual shadow on the grave of a man who executed his Presidential
4031Signature opposite the "Most Holy
4032and Undivided Trinity" on the Proclamation that ended the war with Great
4033Britain</i></span></span></div>
4034<div style="line-height: 20px;">
4035<div style="font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">
4036
4037<div style="font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
4038<div style="color: #333333;">
4039<span style="background-color: white;"></span><br /></div>
4040<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15.4545px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
4041</div>
4042<div style="color: #333333;">
4043<br /></div>
4044<div style="font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15.4545px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
4045<div style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
4046<div style="line-height: normal;">
4047<div align="center" class="cm2" style="font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22.5px;">
4048<div class="defaultcharCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.1in;">
4049<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.275px;">
4050<div style="text-align: center;">
4051<div style="margin: 0px;">
4052<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 36px;"><b>Articles of Confederation Congress</b></span></div>
4053</div>
4054</div>
4055<div style="color: #333333; line-height: 24px;">
4056<div style="text-align: center;">
4057<div style="margin: 0px;">
4058<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: medium;">United States in Congress Assembled (USCA) Sessions</span></div>
4059</div>
4060<div id="ftn17">
4061</div>
4062</div>
4063</div>
4064<div class="defaultcharCxSpMiddle" style="color: #333333; line-height: 24px;">
4065<div style="margin: 0px;">
4066<br /></div>
4067</div>
4068<div class="defaultcharCxSpMiddle" style="color: #333333; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0in;">
4069<div align="center">
4070<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightShadingAccent5" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><tbody>
4071<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(75, 172, 198); border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: solid none; border-top-color: rgb(75, 172, 198); border-top-width: 1pt; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4072<div style="margin: 0px;">
4073<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">USCA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4074</div>
4075</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(75, 172, 198); border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: solid none; border-top-color: rgb(75, 172, 198); border-top-width: 1pt; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4076<div style="margin: 0px;">
4077<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Session Dates<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4078</div>
4079</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(75, 172, 198); border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: solid none; border-top-color: rgb(75, 172, 198); border-top-width: 1pt; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4080<div style="margin: 0px;">
4081<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">USCA Convene Date<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4082</div>
4083</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(75, 172, 198); border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: solid none; border-top-color: rgb(75, 172, 198); border-top-width: 1pt; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4084<div style="margin: 0px;">
4085<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">President(s)<span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
4086</div>
4087</td></tr>
4088<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4089<div style="margin: 0px;">
4090<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">First<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4091</div>
4092</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4093<div style="margin: 0px;">
4094<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-05-1780 to 11-04-1781*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4095</div>
4096</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4097<div style="margin: 0px;">
4098<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">03-02-1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4099</div>
4100</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4101<div style="margin: 0px;">
4102<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.samuelhuntington.org/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Samuel Huntington</a> & <a href="http://www.thomasmckean.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Thomas McKean</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4103</div>
4104</td></tr>
4105<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4106<div style="margin: 0px;">
4107<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Second<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4108</div>
4109</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4110<div style="margin: 0px;">
4111<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-05-1781 to 11-03-1782<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4112</div>
4113</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4114<div style="margin: 0px;">
4115<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-05-1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4116</div>
4117</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4118<div style="margin: 0px;">
4119<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.johnhanson.org/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">John Hanson</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4120</div>
4121</td></tr>
4122<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4123<div style="margin: 0px;">
4124<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Third<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4125</div>
4126</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4127<div style="margin: 0px;">
4128<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-04-1782 to 11-02-1783<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4129</div>
4130</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4131<div style="margin: 0px;">
4132<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-04-1782<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4133</div>
4134</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4135<div style="margin: 0px;">
4136<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.eliasboudinot.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoratio

4136n: none;" target="_blank">Elias Boudinot</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4137</div>
4138</td></tr>
4139<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4140<div style="margin: 0px;">
4141<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Fourth<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4142</div>
4143</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4144<div style="margin: 0px;">
4145<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-03-1783 to 10-31-1784<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4146</div>
4147</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4148<div style="margin: 0px;">
4149<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-03-1783<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4150</div>
4151</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4152<div style="margin: 0px;">
4153<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.thomasmifflin.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Thomas Mifflin</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4154</div>
4155</td></tr>
4156<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4157<div style="margin: 0px;">
4158<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Fifth<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4159</div>
4160</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4161<div style="margin: 0px;">
4162<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-01-1784 to 11-06-1785<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4163</div>
4164</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4165<div style="margin: 0px;">
4166<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-29-1784<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4167</div>
4168</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4169<div style="margin: 0px;">
4170<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.richardhenrylee.org/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Richard Henry Lee</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4171</div>
4172</td></tr>
4173<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4174<div style="margin: 0px;">
4175<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sixth<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4176</div>
4177</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4178<div style="margin: 0px;">
4179<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-07-1785 to 11-05-1786<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4180</div>
4181</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4182<div style="margin: 0px;">
4183<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-23-1785<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4184</div>
4185</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4186<div style="margin: 0px;">
4187<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.johnhancock.org/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">John Hancock</a> & <a href="http://www.nathanielgorham.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Nathaniel Gorham</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4188</div>
4189</td></tr>
4190<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4191<div style="margin: 0px;">
4192<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Seventh<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4193</div>
4194</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4195<div style="margin: 0px;">
4196<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-06-1786 to 11-04-1787<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4197</div>
4198</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4199<div style="margin: 0px;">
4200<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">02-02-1787<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4201</div>
4202</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4203<div style="margin: 0px;">
4204<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.arthurstclair.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Arthur St. Clair</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4205</div>
4206</td></tr>
4207<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4208<div style="margin: 0px;">
4209<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Eighth<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4210</div>
4211</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4212<div style="margin: 0px;">
4213<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-05-1787 to 11-02-1788<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4214</div>
4215</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4216<div style="margin: 0px;">
4217<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">01-21-1788<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4218</div>
4219</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4220<div style="margin: 0px;">
4221<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.cyrusgriffin.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Cyrus Griffin</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4222</div>
4223</td></tr>
4224<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4225<div style="margin: 0px;">
4226<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ninth<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
4227</div>
4228</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4229<div style="margin: 0px;">
4230<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">11-03-1788 to 03-03-1789**<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4231</div>
4232</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4233<div style="margin: 0px;">
4234<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">None<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4235</div>
4236</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4237<div style="margin: 0px;">
4238<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">None<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4239</div>
4240</td></tr>
4241</tbody></table>
4242</div>
4243<div style="margin: 0px;">
4244<br /></div>
4245<div style="text-align: justify;">
4246<div style="margin: 0px;">
4247* The <a href="http://www.articlesofconfederation.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Articles of Confederation</a> was ratified by the mandated 13th State on February 2, 1781, and the dated adopted by the C

4247ontinental Congress to commence the new  United States in Congress Assembled government was March 1, 1781.  The USCA convened under the <a href="http://www.articlesofconfederation.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Articles of Confederation </a>Constitution on March 2, 1781.  </div>
4248</div>
4249<div style="text-align: justify;">
4250<div style="margin: 0px;">
4251<br /></div>
4252</div>
4253<div style="text-align: justify;">
4254<div style="margin: 0px;">
4255** On September 14, 1788, the Eighth United States in Congress Assembled resolved that March 4th, 1789, would be commencement date of the <i><a href="http://www.constitutionof1787.com/" style="color: #6c7ace; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Constitution of 1787's</a></i> federal government thus dissolving the USCA on March 3rd, 1789.<br />
4256<br />
4257<br /></div>
4258</div>
4259</div>
4260</div>
4261</div>
4262</div>
4263<div style="color: #333333; margin: 0px;">
4264</div>
4265</div>
4266</div>
4267</div>
4268<div style="font-size: 15px;">
4269<!--[endif]-->
4270
4271</div>
4272<div id="ftn1" style="font-size: 15px;">
4273<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4274<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Mifflin
4275was also born in Philadelphia, the son Esther Cordery and of George Mifflin. He
4276and his first wife, Elizabeth Bagnell, were the parents of seven children,
4277including Thomas Mifflin. Sarah Fishbourne, his second wife, bore Mifflin three
4278children, including John Fishbourne Mifflin. John Mifflin, a wealthy Quaker
4279merchant,  held numerous significant
4280political posts including that of provincial councilor as well as of
4281councilman, alderman and justice of the peace. John Mifflin was a trustee of
4282the College and Academy of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania)
4283from 1755 until his death in 1759.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4284</div>
4285<div id="ftn2" style="font-size: 15px;">
4286<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4287<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Woodford
4288Mansion, <i>History of Woodford</i>, 33rd
4289& Dauphin Streets, East Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, PA 19132, --  www.woodfordmansion.org<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4290</div>
4291<div id="ftn3" style="font-size: 15px;">
4292<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4293<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> David Barclay
4294(1729 – 1809) was an English Quaker merchant and banker. He is also known as a
4295philanthropist and abolitionist. He  was
4296one of the founders of the present-day Barclays Bank and a pioneer in  the English brewing industry.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4297<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4298<br /></div>
4299</div>
4300<div id="ftn4" style="font-size: 15px;">
4301<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4302<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Wright,
4303Robert K. Jr. and Morris J. MacGregor, Jr. ,<i>

4304Thomas Mifflin -- Soldier-Statesmen of the Constitution</i>, Center of Military
4305History, United States Army, Washington, D.C., 1987 <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4306</div>
4307<div id="ftn5" style="font-size: 15px;">
4308<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4309<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Pennsylvania
4310Gazetteer, October 18, 1770, and December 5, 1771<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4311</div>
4312<div id="ftn6" style="font-size: 15px;">
4313<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4314<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams to
4315Abigail Adams, October 7, 1774 , Founding Families: Digital Editions of the
4316Papers of the Winthrops and the Adamses, ed.C. James Taylor. Boston:
4317Massachusetts Historical Society, 2007., http://www.masshist.org/ff/ Docno: AFC01d113, heinafter referred to as
4318Founding Families: Digital Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4319</div>
4320<div id="ftn7" style="font-size: 15px;">
4321<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4322<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Hilrzheimer,
4323Diary, 26, Edward Iwananicki, "The Mifflin Mansionson at the Falls of
4324Schuylkill,Germantown Crier, XVII (May 1965), 53-59.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4325</div>
4326<div id="ftn8" style="font-size: 15px;">
4327<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4328<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Diary of John
4329Adams, 1773 July 15, 1773 , Founding Families: Digital Editions, Docno:
4330DJA02d095<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4331</div>
4332<div id="ftn9" style="font-size: 15px;">
4333<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4334<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Diary of John
4335Adams, 1774 Aug. 29. Monday, Founding Families: Digital Editions, Docno:
4336DJA02d135<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4337</div>
4338<div id="ftn10" style="font-size: 15px;">
4339<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4340<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Diary of John
4341Adams, 1774 Aug. 30. Tuesday, Founding Families: Digital Editions, Docno:
4342JA02d136<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4343</div>
4344<div id="ftn11" style="font-size: 15px;">
4345<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4346<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Diary of John
4347Adams, 1774  September  2, Friday, Founding Families: Digital
4348Editions, Docno: DJA02d141<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4349</div>
4350<div id="ftn12" style="font-size: 15px;">
4351<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4352<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Diary of John
4353Adams, 1774  September 3, Saturday,
4354Founding Families: Digital Editions, Docno: DJA02d142<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4355</div>
4356<div id="ftn13" style="font-size: 15px;">
4357<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4358<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Stanley Klos,
4359in his book <a href="http://www.americasfourrepublics.com/"><b><i>America’s Four Republics: The
4360More or Less United States</i></b></a><b><i>,</i></b> divides the U.S. founding into
4361four separate United American Republics with the first beginning with the
4362Continental Congress of the United Colonies convening at Carpenters’ Hall on
4363September 5, 1774.  The Second United
4364America Republic formation date is July 2, 1776 (Passage of Lee’s Resolution
4365declaring 12 of the 13 Colonies independent of Great Britain),   The <b><i>Third United America Republic</i></b>
4366formation is March 1, 1781 (Articles of Confederation ratification and USCA
4367start date), and the <b><i>Fourth United America Republic</i></b>
4368formation is  March 4, 1789 (U.S.
4369Constitution of 1787 governmental start date as resolved by the United States

4370in Congress Assembled in September 1788)<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4371</div>
4372<div id="ftn14" style="font-size: 15px;">
4373<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4374<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams to
4375Abigail Adams, October 7, 1774 , Founding Families: Digital Editions of the
4376Papers of the Winthrops and the Adamses, ed.C. James Taylor. Boston:
4377Massachusetts Historical Society, 2007., http://www.masshist.org/ff/  - AFC01d113<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4378</div>
4379<div id="ftn15" style="font-size: 15px;">
4380<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4381<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams,
4382Notes of Debates in the Continetal Congress 26-27, September, 1774, Founding
4383Families: Digital Editions DJA02d168<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4384</div>
4385<div id="ftn16" style="font-size: 15px;">
4386<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4387<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Diary of John
4388Adams, 1774  September 9 1774, Saturday,
4389Founding Families: Digital Editions DJA02d153<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4390</div>
4391<div id="ftn17" style="font-size: 15px;">
4392<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4393<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Diary of John
4394Adams, 1774  September 10 1774, Saturday,
4395Founding Families: Digital Editions DJA02d154<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4396</div>
4397<div id="ftn18" style="font-size: 15px;">
4398<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4399<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams,
4400Notes of Debates in the Continetal Congress October 24, 1774,, Founding
4401Families: Digital Editions, DJA02d199<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4402</div>
4403<div id="ftn19" style="font-size: 15px;">
4404<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4405<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> The Seven
4406Years' War was a War for Empire that took place between 1756 and 1763. It
4407involved most of the great powers of the time and affected Europe, North
4408America, Central America, the West African coast, India, and the Philippines.
4409In the historiography of numerous countries, the war is alternatively named
4410after combats in the respective theaters: the French and Indian War (North
4411America, 1754–63), Pomeranian War (Sweden and Prussia, 1757–62), Third Carnatic
4412War (Indian subcontinent, 1757–63), and Third Silesian War (Prussia and
4413Austria, 1756–63).<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4414</div>
4415<div id="ftn20" style="font-size: 15px;">
4416<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4417<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams to
4418Abigail Adams, May 29. 1775,
4419Founding Families: Digital Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4420</div>
4421<div id="ftn21" style="font-size: 15px;">
4422<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4423<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Diary of John
4424Adams, In Congress, June and July 1775, Founding Families: Digital Editions,
4425Docno: DJA03d294 <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4426</div>
4427<div id="ftn22" style="font-size: 15px;">
4428<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4429<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams
4430wrote to James Warren, June 21, 1775, Founding Families: Digital Editions   Docno:
4431PJA03d029<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4432</div>
4433<div id="ftn23" style="font-size: 15px;">
4434<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4435<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams to
4436Nathanael Greene,  August 4. 1776, Founding Families:
4437Digital Editions   Docno: PJA04d253<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4438</div>
4439<div id="ftn24" style="font-size: 15px;">
4440<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4441<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams to
4442Abigail Adams, June 23, 1775 , Founding Families: Digital Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4443</div>
4444<div id="ftn25" style="font-size: 15px;">
4445<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4446<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> William
4447Crawford Armor, Lives of the governors of Pennsylvania, with the incidental
4448history of the state, from 1609 to 1873," Publisher: T. H. Davis Davis
4449Co., Norwich, CT, 1874, page 107<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4450</div>
4451<div id="ftn26" style="font-size: 15px;">
4452<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4453<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Abigail Adams
4454to John  Adams, November 12,, 1775,
4455Founding Families: Digital Editions  Docno: AFC01d217<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4456</div>
4457<div id="ftn27" style="font-size: 15px;">
4458<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4459<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> George
4460Washington to the Continental Congress, November 11, 1775, The writings of
4461George Washington from the original manuscript sources: Volume 4, Electronic
4462Text Center, University of Virginia Library<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4463</div>
4464<div id="ftn28" style="font-size: 15px;">
4465<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4466<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span

4466 style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Life of
4467Thomas Mifflin, Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Carey, Lea
4468& Carey Publishers, Philadelphia, 1827 - Volume 2 - Page 111  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4469</div>
4470<div id="ftn29" style="font-size: 15px;">
4471<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4472<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Abigail Adams
4473to John  Adams, December 10, 1775,
4474Founding Families: Digital Editions - Docno:
4475AFC01d224<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4476</div>
4477<div id="ftn30" style="font-size: 15px;">
4478<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4479<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John  Adams to Abigail Adams, January 24, 1776,
4480Founding Families: Digital Editions  <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4481</div>
4482<div id="ftn31" style="font-size: 15px;">
4483<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4484<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4485the Continental Congress, January 26, 1776<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4486</div>
4487<div id="ftn32" style="font-size: 15px;">
4488<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4489<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Fisk, John,
4490The American Revolution, Published 1891 Houghton, Mifflin, page 170<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4491</div>
4492<div id="ftn33" style="font-size: 15px;">
4493<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4494<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Sullivan
4495to John Adams, March 15, 1776,  Docno:
4496PJA04d032<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4497</div>
4498<div id="ftn34" style="font-size: 15px;">
4499<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4500<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4501</div>
4502<div id="ftn35" style="font-size: 15px;">
4503<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4504<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams to
4505Abigail Adams, May 15, 1776, Founding Families: Digital Editions   Docno:AFC01d268<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4506</div>
4507<div id="ftn36" style="font-size: 15px;">
4508<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4509<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4510the Continental Congress, May 19, 1776.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4511</div>
4512<div id="ftn37" style="font-size: 15px;">
4513<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4514<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Adams to
4515Joseph Ward, August 20, 1776, Founding Families: Digital Editions, Docno: PJA04d282<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4516</div>
4517<div id="ftn38" style="font-size: 15px;">
4518<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4519<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Elbridge
4520Gerry to Samuel and John Adams , July 21. 1776, Founding Families: Digital
4521Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4522</div>
4523<div id="ftn39" style="font-size: 15px;">
4524<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4525<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Alexander
4526Grayton, Memories of a Life Chiefly Passed in Pennsylvania, Harriburgh, PA 1811
4527pages 135-135<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4528</div>
4529<div id="ftn40" style="font-size: 15px;">
4530<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4531<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Thomas
4532Mifflin to John Adams August 5, 1776, Founding Families: Digital Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4533</div>
4534<div id="ftn41" style="font-size: 15px;">
4535<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4536<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Albert Sidney
4537Bolles,Ph.D.,  Pennsylvania, province and
4538state: a history from 1609 to 1790, John Wanamaker, Philadelphia: 1899, Volume
45391, page 503<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4540</div>
4541<div id="ftn42" style="font-size: 15px;">
4542<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4543<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Joseph Ward
4544to John Adams, September 6, 1776, Founding Families: Digital Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4545</div>
4546<div id="ftn43" style="font-size: 15px;">
4547<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4548<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Samuel Holden
4549Parsons  to John Adams, September 9,
45501776, Founding Families: Digital Editions: </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">PJA05d017</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4551</div>
4552<div id="ftn44&quot

4552; style="font-size: 15px;">
4553<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4554<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Letter from
4555Governour Tryon to Lord George Germain:  
4556September 24, 1776, American Archives<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4557</div>
4558<div id="ftn45" style="font-size: 15px;">
4559<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4560<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Barnet
4561Schecter, The Battle for New York. New York: Walker & Co, 2002, page 207<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4562</div>
4563<div id="ftn46" style="font-size: 15px;">
4564<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4565<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4566the Continental Congress, October 1, 1776.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4567</div>
4568<div id="ftn47" style="font-size: 15px;">
4569<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4570<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Albert Sidney
4571Bolles,Ph.D.,  Pennsylvania, province and
4572state: a history from 1609 to 1790, John Wanamaker, Philadelphia: 1899, Volume
45731, page 511<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4574</div>
4575<div id="ftn48" style="font-size: 15px;">
4576<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4577<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">John Adams to John Avery, March 21, 1777, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Founding
4578Families: Digital Editions,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Docno:
4579PJA05d067</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4580</div>
4581<div id="ftn49" style="font-size: 15px;">
4582<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4583<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Adams Family
4584Papers Footnote, Docno: PJA06d030, “Since exchange of salutes was an attribute
4585of sovereignty, it is understandable that the authorities at Bordeaux without
4586approval of the French government hesitated to take an action that could be
4587interpreted as recognition of American independence. To a degree, however, the
4588question was moot, for on 14 and 15 Feb., at Quiberon Bay, the Ranger and
4589Independence had exchanged salutes, as had the privateer General Mifflin,
4590at  ZBest, in the summer of 1777.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4591</div>
4592<div id="ftn50" style="font-size: 15px;">
4593<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4594<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">John Adams to Abigail Adams, June 14, 1777, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Founding
4595Families: Digital Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4596</div>
4597<div id="ftn51" style="font-size: 15px;">
4598<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4599<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John Hanock
4600to Arthur St. Clair, April 30, 1777, original manuscript,  <a href="http://www.stanklos.org/">Stan Klos
4601Collection</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4602</div>
4603<div id="ftn52" style="font-size: 15px;">
4604<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4605<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> The Livery of
4606Honor, McBride's Magazine, Volume 64, J.B. Lippincott and Company,
4607Philadelphia, 1899, page 610<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4608</div>
4609<div id="ftn53" style="font-size: 15px;">
4610<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4611<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Benjamin Rush to John Adams, October 20. 1778, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Founding
4612Families: Digital Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4613</div>
4614<div id="ftn54" style="font-size: 15px;">
4615<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4616<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Benjamin Rush to John Adams, October 27. 1778, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Founding
4617Families: Digital Editions<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4618</div>
4619<div id="ftn55" style="font-size: 15px;">
4620<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4621<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> In 1775 after
4622Joseph Galloway and other loyalists abandoned Congress this coalition was born
4623by and alliance of New England and Southern men like <a href="http://www.richardhenrylee.org/">Richard Henry Lee</a>, Eldridge Gerry,
4624Charles Thomson, John and <a href="http://www.samueladams.org/">Samuel Adams</a>
4625who were strong proponents for independence. 
4626Thomas Mifflin was one of their favorite sons.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4627</div>
4628<div id="ftn56" style="font-size: 15px;">
4629<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4630<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ibid, Henry
4631Laurens  to John Lewis Gervais, October
463216th 1777<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4633</div>
4634<div id="ftn57" style="font-size: 15px;">
4635<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4636<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Despite this change in republics from the United Colonies to the United
4637States Laurens is commonly referred to as the Fourth President of the
4638Continental Congress.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4639</div>
4640<div id="ftn58" style="font-size: 15px;">
4641&l

4641t;div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4642<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> David Duncan
4643Wallace, Life of Henry Laurens, page 229<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4644</div>
4645<div id="ftn59" style="font-size: 15px;">
4646<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4647<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4648the Continental Congress, November 7, 1777.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4649</div>
4650<div id="ftn60" style="font-size: 15px;">
4651<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4652<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[60]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Mifflin's receipt for this payment, dated
465313 Nov. 1777, is in the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.masshist.org/publications/apde/xtr.php?mode=apx&id=APXterms1"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Adams Papers</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4654</div>
4655<div id="ftn61" style="font-size: 15px;">
4656<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4657<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[61]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4658the Continental Congress, November 24, 1777.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4659</div>
4660<div id="ftn62" style="font-size: 15px;">
4661<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4662<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[62]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Alexander
4663Grayton, Memories of a Life Chiefly Passed in Pennsylvania, Harriburgh, PA 1811
4664pages 135-135<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4665</div>
4666<div id="ftn63" style="font-size: 15px;">
4667<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4668<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[63]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> David Duncan
4669Wallace, Life of Henry Laurens, page 265<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4670</div>
4671<div id="ftn64" style="font-size: 15px;">
4672<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4673<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[64]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ibid, page
4674265<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4675</div>
4676<div id="ftn65" style="font-size: 15px;">
4677<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4678<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[65]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Paul H.
4679Smith, ed. <em>Letters of Delegates, James </em>Lovell
4680to Samuel Adams, January 20, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4681</div>
4682<div id="ftn66" style="font-size: 15px;">
4683<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4684<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[66]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> John C.
4685Fitzpatrick, Editor. January 4, 1778, Original Manuscript, The Writings of
4686George Washington Image 385 Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4687</div>
4688<div id="ftn67" style="font-size: 15px;">
4689<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4690<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[67]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> George
4691Washington, to Thomas Conway, November 9, 1778, Original Manuscript, The
4692Writings of George Washington<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4693</div>
4694<div id="ftn68" style="font-size: 15px;">
4695<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4696<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref68" name="_ftn68" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[68]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> June Lloyd, “<i>Beware of Your Board of War”</i>, Historical
4697Society of Pennsylvania Online 2004-2008.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4698</div>
4699<div id="ftn69" style="font-size: 15px;">
4700<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4701<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref69" name="_ftn69" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[69]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Paul H.
4702Smith, ed. <em>Letters of Delegates to Congress,
47031774-1789, </em>John Laurens to Henry Laurens,  headquarters on January 3rd, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4704</div>
4705<div id="ftn70" style="font-size: 15px;">
4706<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4707<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref70" name="_ftn70" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[70]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ibid, Henry
4708Laurens to John Laurens April 9, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4709</div>
4710<div id="ftn71" style="font-size: 15px;">
4711<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4712<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref71" name="_ftn71" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[71]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> William
4713Crawford Armor, Lives of the governors of Pennsylvania, with the incidental
4714history of the state, from 1609 to 1873," Publisher: T. H. Davis Davis
4715Co., Norwich, CT, 1874, page 283<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4716</div>
4717<div id="ftn72" style="font-size: 15px;">
4718<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4719<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref72" name="_ftn72" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[72]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ibid, Henry
4720Laurens to John Laurens, June 11, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4721</div>
4722<div id="ftn73" style="font-size: 15px;">
4723<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4724<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref73" name="_ftn73" title="&quot

4724;><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[73]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ibid,
4725Editor’s note, Laurens to John Laurens, June 11, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4726</div>
4727<div id="ftn74" style="font-size: 15px;">
4728<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4729<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref74" name="_ftn74" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[74]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ibid<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4730</div>
4731<div id="ftn75" style="font-size: 15px;">
4732<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4733<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref75" name="_ftn75" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[75]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4734the United States in Congress Assembled, November 18, 1782<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4735</div>
4736<div id="ftn76" style="font-size: 15px;">
4737<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4738<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref76" name="_ftn76" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[76]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4739the United States in Congress Assembled, December 6, 1782<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4740</div>
4741<div id="ftn77" style="font-size: 15px;">
4742<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4743<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref77" name="_ftn77" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[77]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4744the United States in Congress Assembled, January 23, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4745</div>
4746<div id="ftn78" style="font-size: 15px;">
4747<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4748<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref78" name="_ftn78" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[78]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4749the United States in Congress Assembled, August 7, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4750</div>
4751<div id="ftn79" style="font-size: 15px;">
4752<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4753<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref79" name="_ftn79" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[79]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4754the United States in Congress Assembled, November 3, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4755</div>
4756<div id="ftn80" style="font-size: 15px;">
4757<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4758<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref80" name="_ftn80" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[80]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> President
4759Thomas Mifflin to Governor John Dickinson, November 23, 1783, Original
4760Manuscript<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4761</div>
4762<div id="ftn81" style="font-size: 15px;">
4763<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4764<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref81" name="_ftn81" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[81]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> USCA Journals,
4765March 1, 1781, Articles of Confederation, Article IX<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4766</div>
4767<div id="ftn82" style="font-size: 15px;">
4768<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4769<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref82" name="_ftn82" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[82]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> USCA
4770Journals, December 20, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4771</div>
4772<div id="ftn83" style="font-size: 15px;">
4773<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4774<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref83" name="_ftn83" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[83]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ramsay,
4775David, The History of the American Revolution Published - James J. Wilson,
4776Trenton: 1811 <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4777</div>
4778<div id="ftn84" style="font-size: 15px;">
4779<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4780<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref84" name="_ftn84" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[84]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4781the USCA, December 23, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4782</div>
4783<div id="ftn85" style="font-size: 15px;">
4784<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4785<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref85" name="_ftn85" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[85]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Smith, Paul
4786H., ed. <em>Letters of Delegates to Congress,
47871774-1789, </em>John Laurens to Henry Laurens,  headquarters on January 3rd, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4788</div>
4789<div id="ftn86" style="font-size: 15px;">
4790<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4791<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref86" name="_ftn86" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[86]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> The Society
4792of the Cincinnati was founded at the close of the Revolutionary War by the
4793officers of the Continental line and their French counterparts, who had served
4794together in the struggle for American independence. They wished to preserve the
4795rights and liberties for which they had fought and to foster the bonds of
4796friendship that had been formed among them during the long years of war. The
4797Society's founding document, the Institution, was adopted on May 13, 1783. The
4798Society took its name from the Roman hero Cincinnatus, the citizen-soldier who
4799was twice called to lead his country in war and, after each victory, declined
4800offers of power and position to return to his home and plough. George
4801Washington, known as the <i>"Cincinnatus
4802of the West," </i>was elected the Society's first president general, a
4803position he held until his death in 1799.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4804</div>
4805<div id="ftn87" style="font-size: 15px;">
4806<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4807<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref87" name="_ftn87" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[87]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ibid,
4808Proclamation by the United States, in Congress Assembled, January 14, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4809</div>
4810<div id="ftn88" style="font-size: 15px;">
4811<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4812<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref88" name="_ftn88" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootno

4812teReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[88]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Ibid,
4813Original Manuscript, the United States National Archives Administration <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4814</div>
4815<div id="ftn89" style="font-size: 15px;">
4816<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4817<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref89" name="_ftn89" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[89]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4818the United States in Congress Assembled, January 30, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4819</div>
4820<div id="ftn90" style="font-size: 15px;">
4821<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4822<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref90" name="_ftn90" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[90]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Markoe,
4823Karen,  <i>200 Years of U.S. Trade with China</i>, State University of New York
4824Maritime College, http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/china/for_pol/ch_trade.htm<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4825</div>
4826<div id="ftn91" style="font-size: 15px;">
4827<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4828<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref91" name="_ftn91" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[91]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Shaw, Samuel
4829& Josiah Quincy, The Journals Of Major Samuel Shaw: The First American
4830Consul At Canton: With A Life Of The Author, W. Crosby and H. P. Nichols, 1847<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4831</div>
4832<div id="ftn92" style="font-size: 15px;">
4833<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4834<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref92" name="_ftn92" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[92]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Shaw,
4835Robert,  The Papers of John Jay,  Columbia University, Robert Shaw to Foreign
4836Secretary John Jay , May 19, 1785<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4837</div>
4838<div id="ftn93" style="font-size: 15px;">
4839<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4840<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref93" name="_ftn93" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[93]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Jay,
4841John,  The Papers of John Jay,  Columbia University, John Jay to President
4842Richard Henry Lee, September 1, 1785.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4843</div>
4844<div id="ftn94" style="font-size: 15px;">
4845<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4846<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref94" name="_ftn94" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[94]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Jay,
4847John,  The Papers of John Jay,  Columbia University, John Jay to Robert Shaw,
4848January 30, 1786<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4849</div>
4850<div id="ftn95" style="font-size: 15px;">
4851<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4852<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref95" name="_ftn95" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[95]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4853the United States in Congress Assembled, April 23, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4854</div>
4855<div id="ftn96" style="font-size: 15px;">
4856<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4857<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref96" name="_ftn96" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[96]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> New Jersey
4858Gazette of December 23, 1783 <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4859</div>
4860<div id="ftn97" style="font-size: 15px;">
4861<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4862<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref97" name="_ftn97" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[97]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4863the United States in Congress Assembled, Jays Election as Foreign Secretary,
4864May 7, 1784.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4865</div>
4866<div id="ftn98" style="font-size: 15px;">
4867<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4868<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref98" name="_ftn98" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[98]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Smith, Paul
4869H., ed. <em>Letters of Delegates to Congress</em>
4870, Charles Thomson to John Jay, JUNE 18, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4871</div>
4872<div id="ftn99" style="font-size: 15px;">
4873<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4874<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref99" name="_ftn99" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[99]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Wilson, James
4875Grant, The Memorial History of the City of New-York, J.B. Lippincott & Co,
4876Philadelphia:1858,  page 359<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4877</div>
4878<div id="ftn100" style="font-size: 15px;">
4879<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4880<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref100" name="_ftn100" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[100]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Smith, Paul
4881H., ed. <em>Letters of Delegates to Congress</em>
4882, Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Harrison, January 16, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4883<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4884<br /></div>
4885</div>
4886<div id="ftn101" style="font-size: 15px;">
4887<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4888<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref101" name="_ftn101" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[101]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4889the USCA, May 29, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4890</div>
4891<div id="ftn102" style="font-size: 15px;">
4892<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4893<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref102" name="_ftn102" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[102]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Burnett,
4894Edmund C., The Committee of The States 1784, published in the Annual Report of
4895the American Historical Association, Vil. I 1918, page 141<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4896</div>
4897<div id="ftn103" style="font-size: 15px;">
4898<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4899<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref103" name="_ftn103" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[103]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Journals of
4900the United S

4900tates in Congress Assembled, August 19, 1784.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4901</div>
4902<div id="ftn104" style="font-size: 15px;">
4903<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4904<span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref104" name="_ftn104" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[104]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Burnett, The
4905Committee of The States, page 149<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
4906</div>
4907<div id="ftn105">
4908<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
4909<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mariesha/Desktop/websites/Thomas%20Mifflin%20was%20born%20in%20Philadelphia.docx#_ftnref105" name="_ftn105" style="font-size: 15px;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[105]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Thomas Young (1732–1777), self-taught son
4910of an immigrant from northern Ireland, was born in Ulster co., N.Y., and after
4911a short apprenticeship commenced the practice of physic in Sharon, Conn. A
4912poet, orator, newspaper scribbler, and militant deist as well as a physician
4913and surgeon, Young was incurably restless and was to be identified with radical
4914political agitation in no fewer than five colonies or states. Despite this
4915perhaps unique distinction, what is recorded of him is scattered and often
4916untrustworthy, and he has never had the biography he deserves. In 1766 he moved
4917to Boston and was soon closely associated with Samuel Adams and Joseph Warren
4918as an ardent Son of Liberty. He delivered the first oration commemorating the
4919Boston “Massacre,” was appointed in 1772 a member of the Boston Committee of
4920Correspondence, and was a leader in the Tea Party proceedings the following
4921year. In the fall of 1774 he prudently left Boston for Newport, but turned up
4922in Philadelphia the next spring. He was promptly welcomed into the circle of
4923radicals who led the movement for independence and a new and democratic
4924constitution for the state. He helped draft the Pennsylvania Constitution of
49251776, which JA later often cited as the very model of political vices; and in
4926the spring of 1777 Young published a letter advising the inhabitants of
4927“Vermont”—a name that he evidently coined and that was here first used—to
4928establish an independent government. In Dec. 1776 he had been appointed senior
4929surgeon to the Continental hospital in Philadelphia and applied the heroic
4930therapy which his friend Dr. Benjamin Rush later made famous to the “cure” of
4931fevers. In the line of duty the following June, he caught a virulent fever and
4932died at once, leaving a wife and numerous children nearly destitute. The
4933efforts of his old friend and reputed literary collaborator Ethan Allen to
4934obtain from the Vermont legislature a grant of land to the widow were
4935unsuccessful.</span></span><span face=""arial narrow" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
4936<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span>
4937<br />
4938<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span>
4939<br />
4940<div style="font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">
4941 <strong style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; font-size: xx-large;">The Congressional Evolution of the United States of America </strong></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: times, times new roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: times, times new roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DoTtrRIsjw4NrY3Xf-WOiO20bKxx2yNE3QjwOKkobiV5WlgEflqXvMEG0Q4k-BBLBCw3x-aFiG4v_l_nu106HyDc0Z5SLzIVuP7ca1vK3JHDC-lI0J1PsrkIr6ERsy5tdcX3jeJDD_DegCEdK5KOTmmugPoYTJUTMYz_m6Za4hhyy7ABpinILWYOhIhb/s2200/The%20Presidents%20of%20Congress%20Final.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2200" data-original-width="1700" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DoTtrRIsjw4NrY3Xf-WOiO20bKxx2yNE3QjwOKkobiV5WlgEflqXvMEG0Q4k-BBLBCw3x-aFiG4v_l_nu106HyDc0Z5SLzIVuP7ca1vK3JHDC-lI0J1PsrkIr6ERsy5tdcX3jeJDD_DegCEdK5KOTmmugPoYTJUTMYz_m6Za4hhyy7ABpinILWYOhIhb/w494-h640

4941/The%20Presidents%20of%20Congress%20Final.png" title="United Colonies and States Presidents of Congress Medal Series 1774-1788, AI-assisted renderings from original Historic.us. Copyright © 2025 Historic.us Corporation. Used with permission." width="494" /></a></div></span><div style="font-size: medium; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="default" style="background-color: white;"><div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Continental Congress of the United Colonies Presidents</b><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div>
4942<div>
4943Sept. 5, 1774 to July 1, 1776</div>
4944<div style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
4945<br /></div>
4946<div align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
4947<br /></div>
4948<div align="center" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
4949<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightShadingAccent1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 479px;"><tbody>
4950<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 120.65pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4951<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://peytonrandolph.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Peyton Randolph</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4952</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4953<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">September 5, 1774<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4954</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4955<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">October 22, 1774<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4956</td></tr>
4957<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 120.65pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4958<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://henrymiddleton.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Henry Middleton</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4959</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4960<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">October 22, 1774<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4961</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4962<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">October 26, 1774<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4963</td></tr>
4964<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 120.65pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4965<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://peytonrandolph.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Peyton Randolph</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4966</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4967<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">May 20, 1775<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4968</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4969<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">May 24, 1775<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4970</td></tr>
4971<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 120.65pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4972<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://johnhancock.org/" style="color: #6666cc;">John Hancock</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4973</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4974<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">May 25, 1775<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4975</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-indent: 0in;">
4976<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">July 1, 1776<o:p></o:p></span></div>
4977</td></tr>
4978</tbody></table>
4979</div>
4980</div>
4981<div style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
4982<span style="

4982color: #e06666; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
4983<div style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
4984<div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #660000; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVKWJcpmvFkNYK3Ls7EB9bJrTabVZsy_UTxKlBg0O3zHC-szQBGtfqZ-5CUkxao5fyFsJqcxVUIZ3mHtEhTMRa0ZqIfIp8TefSZpvjQfeAnRGDpcw9yiw15OcWysBbSf_78Xr4GqRoy937-0EkQmDvskzc5xW2huVks4MgYxJVuun5D13VzcbZyFJhuW0/s1024/George%20Washington%20Commander%20in%20Chief.png" style="color: #8a0000; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, serif; font-size: 14.85px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="United Colonies and States Presidents of Congress Medal Series 1774-1788, AI-assisted renderings from original Historic.us. Copyright © 2025 Historic.us Corporation. Used with permission." border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVKWJcpmvFkNYK3Ls7EB9bJrTabVZsy_UTxKlBg0O3zHC-szQBGtfqZ-5CUkxao5fyFsJqcxVUIZ3mHtEhTMRa0ZqIfIp8TefSZpvjQfeAnRGDpcw9yiw15OcWysBbSf_78Xr4GqRoy937-0EkQmDvskzc5xW2huVks4MgYxJVuun5D13VzcbZyFJhuW0/w400-h400/George%20Washington%20Commander%20in%20Chief.png" style="border: none; position: relative;" title="https://www.georgewashington.us -- George Washington First Commander-in-Chief United Colonies of North America under the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms June 15, 1775 – July 1, 1776  First Commander-in-Chief United States of America under US Continental Congress Resolutions July 2, 1776 – February 28, 1781    First Commander-in-Chief United States of America under the Articles of Confederation March 1, 1781 – December 23, 1783   First President of the United States and Commander-in-Chief under the US Constitution of 1787 April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797" width="400" /></a></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #660000; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">
4985<span style="color: #660000; font-size: medium;"><b>Commander-in-Chief United Colonies & States of America</b></span></div>
4986<span style="color: #e06666; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
4987<div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">
4988<b>George Washington: June 15, 1775 - December 23, 1783</b><br />
4989<b><br /></b><b><br /></b></div>
4990</div>
4991<br />
4992<b><span style="font-size: large;">Continental Congress of the United States Presidents </span></b><br />
4993July 2, 1776 to February 28, 1781<br />
4994<div style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
4995<br /></div>
4996<div style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
4997<div align="center">
4998<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightShadingAccent1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 533px;"><tbody>
4999<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 129.85pt;" valign="top" width="173"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5000<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://johnhancock.org/" style="color: #6666cc;">John Hancock</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5001</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5002<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">July 2, 1776<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5003</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5004<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">October 29, 1777<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5005</td></tr>
5006<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 129.85pt;" valign="top" width="173"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5007<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://henrylaurens.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Henry Laurens</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5008</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5009<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 1, 1777<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5010</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5011<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">December 9, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5012</td></tr>
5013<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 129.85pt;" valign="top" width="173"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5014<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://johnjay.net/" style="color: #6666cc;">John Jay</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5015</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5016<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">December 10, 1778<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5017</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5018<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">September 28, 1779<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5019</td></tr>
5020<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 129.85pt;" valign="top" width="173"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5021<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://samuelhuntington.org/" style="color: #6666cc;">Samuel Huntington</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5022</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5023<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">September 29, 1779<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5024</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5025<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">February 28, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5026</td></tr>
5027</tbody></table>
5028</div>
5029</div>
5030<div style="text-align: start;">
5031<div align="center" class="defaultcharCxSpFirst" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; margin-left: -9pt;">
5032<br /></div>
5033<div align="center" class="defaultcharCxSpMiddle" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; margin-left: -9pt;">
5034<b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div>
5035<div>
5036<div style="text-align: center;">
5037<br /></div>
5038<div style="text-align: center;">
5039<b><span style="font-size: large;">Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled</span></b><br />
5040March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789</div>
5041<div style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
5042<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
5043<div style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
5044<div align="center">
5045<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="

5045MsoTableLightShadingAccent1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 518px;"><tbody>
5046<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5047<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://samuelhuntington.org/" style="color: #6666cc;">Samuel Huntington</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5048</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5049<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">March 1, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5050</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5051<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">July 6, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5052</td></tr>
5053<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5054<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://samueljohnston.org/" style="color: #6666cc;">Samuel Johnston</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5055</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5056<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">July 10, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5057</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5058<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Declined Office<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5059</td></tr>
5060<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5061<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://thomasmckean.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Thomas McKean</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5062</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5063<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">July 10, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5064</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5065<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 4, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5066</td></tr>
5067<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5068<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://johnhanson.net/" style="color: #6666cc;">John Hanson</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5069</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5070<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 5, 1781<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5071</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5072<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 3, 1782<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5073</td></tr>
5074<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5075<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://eliasboudinot.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Elias Boudinot</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5076</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5077<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 4, 1782<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5078</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5079<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 2, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5080</td></tr>
5081<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5082<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://thomasmifflin.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Thomas Mifflin</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5083</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5084<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 3, 1783<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5085</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5086<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">June 3, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5087</td></tr>
5088<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5089<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://richardhenrylee.org/" style="color: #6666cc;">Richard Henry Lee</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5090</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5091<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 30, 1784<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5092</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5093<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 22, 1785<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5094</td></tr>
5095<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5096<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://johnhancock.org/" style="color: #6666cc;">John Hancock</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5097</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5098<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">November 23, 1785<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5099</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5100<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">June 5, 1786<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5101</td></tr>
5102<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5103<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://nathanielgorham.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Nathaniel Gorham</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5104</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5105<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">June 6, 1786<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5106</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186&quo

5106t;><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5107<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;">February 1, 1787</span></div>
5108</td></tr>
5109<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5110<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://arthurstclair.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Arthur St. Clair</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5111</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5112<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">February 2, 1787<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5113</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: #d3dfee; border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5114<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;">January 21, 1788</span></div>
5115</td></tr>
5116<tr style="height: 12.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.3pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5117<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><a href="http://cyrusgriffin.com/" style="color: #6666cc;">Cyrus Griffin</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5118</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5119<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">January 22, 1788<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5120</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
5121<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;">January 21, 1789</span></div>
5122</td></tr>
5123</tbody></table>
5124</div>
5125</div>
5126</div>
5127<span face=""arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 20px;"></span></span></div>
5128</div>
5129<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">
5130<br /></div>
5131<div style="background-color: white;">
5132<br /></div>
5133<div>
5134<div style="background-color: white; font-variant-east-asian: normal;

5134 font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
5135<div style="font-family: "times new roman"; text-align: center;">
5136<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></b></div>
5137<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5138<div style="text-align: center;">
5139<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Presidents of the United States of America</b></span><br />
5140<div style="color: black; font-size: medium;">
5141<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
5142</div>
5143<div style="text-align: center;">
5144<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial narrow" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">D-Democratic Party, F-Federalist Party, I-Independent, R-Republican Party, R* Republican Party of Jefferson & W-Whig Party </span></span></div>
5145<div style="text-align: center;">
5146<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial narrow" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></span></div>
5147<div align="center" style="color: black; font-size: medium;">
5148<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
5149<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4.65pt; width: 637px;"><tbody>
5150<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5151<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://georgewashington.us/"><span style="color: blue;">George Washington (I)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5152</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5153<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/jefferson-davis.html"><span style="color: blue;">Jefferson Davis (D)*</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5154</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5155<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://franklindroosevelt.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5156</td></tr>
5157<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5158<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1789-1797)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5159</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5160<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1933-1945)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5161</td></tr>
5162<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5163<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://andrewjohnson.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Andrew Johnson (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5164</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5165<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5166<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.johnadams.us/"><span style="color: blue;">John Adams (F)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5167</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5168<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1865-1869)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5169</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5170<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://harrytruman.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Harry S. Truman (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5171</td></tr>
5172<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5173<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1797-1801)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5174</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5175<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1945-1953)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5176</td></tr>
5177<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5178<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://ulyssessgrant.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Ulysses S. Grant (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5179</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5180<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5181<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.thomasjefferson.us/"><span style="color: blue;">Thomas Jefferson (R*)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5182</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5183<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1869-1877)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5184</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5185<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://dwighteisenhower.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5186</td></tr>
5187<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5188<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1801-1809)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5189</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5190<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1953-1961)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5191</td></tr>
5192<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5193<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/rutherford-hayes.html"><span style="color: blue;">Rutherford B. Hayes R</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5194</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5195<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5196<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.jamesmadison.us/"><span style="color: blue;">James Madison (R*)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5197</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5198<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> (1877-1881)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5199</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5200<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://johnfkennedy.org/"><span style="color: blue;">John F. Kennedy (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5201</td></tr>
5202<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5203<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1809-1817)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5204</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5205<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1961-1963)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5206</td&

5206gt;</tr>
5207<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5208<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/james-garfield.html"><span style="color: blue;">James A. Garfield (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5209</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5210<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5211<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.jamesmonroe.net/"><span style="color: blue;">James Monroe (R*)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5212</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5213<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> (1881 - 1881)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5214</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5215<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/lyndon-johnson.html"><span style="color: blue;">Lyndon B. Johnson (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5216</td></tr>
5217<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5218<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1817-1825)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5219</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5220<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1963-1969)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5221</td></tr>
5222<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5223<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/chester-arthur.html"><span style="color: blue;">Chester Arthur (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5224</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5225<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5226<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.johnqadams.org/"><span style="color: blue;">John Quincy Adams (R*)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5227</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5228<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1881-1885)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5229</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5230<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://richardnixon.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Richard M. Nixon (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5231</td></tr>
5232<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5233<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1825-1829)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5234</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5235<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1969-1974)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5236</td></tr>
5237<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5238<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/grover-cleveland.html"><span style="color: blue;">Grover Cleveland (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5239</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5240<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5241<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.andrewjackson.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Andrew Jackson (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5242</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5243<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1885-1889)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5244</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5245<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://geraldrford.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Gerald R. Ford (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5246</td></tr>
5247<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5248<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1829-1837)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5249</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5250<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1973-1974)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5251</td></tr>
5252<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5253<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="

5253http://benjaminharrison.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Benjamin Harrison (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5254</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5255<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5256<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/martin-van-buren.html"><span style="color: blue;">Martin Van Buren (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5257</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5258<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1889-1893)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5259</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5260<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/william-clinton.html"><span style="color: blue;">James E. Carter, Jr. (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5261</td></tr>
5262<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5263<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1837-1841)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5264</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5265<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1977-1981)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5266</td></tr>
5267<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5268<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/grover-cleveland.html"><span style="color: blue;">Grover Cleveland (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5269</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5270<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5271<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/william-henry-harrison.html"><span style="color: blue;">William H. Harrison (W)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5272</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5273<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1893-1897)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5274</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5275<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/ronald-reagan.html"><span style="color: blue;">Ronald W. Reagan (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5276</td></tr>
5277<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5278<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1841-1841)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5279</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5280<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1981-1989)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5281</td></tr>
5282<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5283<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://williammckinley.org/"><span style="color: blue;">William McKinley (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5284</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5285<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5286<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/john-tyler.html"><span style="color: blue;">John Tyler (W)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5287</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5288<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1897-1901)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5289</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5290<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/george-w-bush.html"><span style="color: blue;">George H. W. Bush (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5291</td></tr>
5292<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5293<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1841-1845)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5294</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5295<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1989-1993)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5296</td></tr>
5297<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5298<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://theodoreroosevelt.net/"><span style="color: blue;">Theodore Roosevelt (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5299</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5300<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5301<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://jameskpolk.org/"><span style="color: blue;">James K. Polk (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5302</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5303<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1901-1909)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5304</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5305<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/william-clinton.html"><span style="color: blue;">William J. Clinton (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5306</td></tr>
5307<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5308<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1845-1849)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5309</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5310<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1993-2001)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5311</td></tr>
5312<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5313<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://williamhtaft.org/"><span style="color: blue;">William H. Taft (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5314</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5315<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5316<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/zachary-taylor.html"><span style="color: blue;">Zachary Taylor (W)</span></a><o

5316:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5317</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5318<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1909-1913)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5319</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5320<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/george-w-bush.html"><span style="color: blue;">George W. Bush (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5321</td></tr>
5322<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5323<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1849-1850)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5324</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5325<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(2001-2009)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5326</td></tr>
5327<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5328<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/woodrow-wilson.html"><span style="color: blue;">Wilson Woodrow (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5329</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5330<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5331<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://millardfillmore.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Millard Fillmore (W)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5332</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5333<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1913-1921)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5334</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5335<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/barack-obama.html"><span style="color: blue;">Barack H. Obama (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5336</td></tr>
5337<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5338<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1850-1853)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5339</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5340<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(2009-2017)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5341</td></tr>
5342<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5343<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/warren-harding.html"><span style="color: blue;">Warren G. Harding ®</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5344</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5345<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5346<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/franklin-pierce.html"><span style="color: blue;">Franklin Pierce (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5347</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5348<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1921-1923)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5349</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5350<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/donald-j-trump.html"><span style="color: blue;">Donald J. Trump (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5351</td></tr>
5352<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5353<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1853-1857)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5354</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5355<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(20017-Present)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5356</td></tr>
5357<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5358<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://calvincoolidge.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Calvin Coolidge (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5359</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5360<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5361<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://jamesbuchanan.org/"><span style="color: blue;">James Buchanan (D)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5362</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5363<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1923-1929)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5364</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5365<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">*Confederate States  of America<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5366</td></tr>
5367<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5368<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1857-1861)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5369</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" valign="bottom" width="195"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"></td></tr>
5370<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5371<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://herberthoover.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Herbert C. Hoover (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5372</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td></tr>
5373<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5374<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://abrahamlincoln.us/"><span style="color: blue;">Abraham Lincoln (R)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5375</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5376<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1929-1933)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5377</td><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" valign="bottom" width="221"></td></tr>
5378<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td nowrap="" style="height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 166pt;" width="221"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5379<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(1861-1865)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5380</td></tr>
5381</tbody></table>
5382</div>
5383</div>
5384<div class="default" style="text-align: center;">
5385<div>
5386<div style="font-family: "times new roman";

5386">
5387<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
5388<div>
5389<b style="text-align: start;"><b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Chart Comparing Presidential Powers</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></b></b><b style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>- <a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/presidential-powers.html" target="_blank">Click Here</a></b></span></span></b><br />
5390<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman"; margin: 0px;">
5391<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><b><span style="color: #7b0f19; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 33.7333px;"><br /></span></b></b></span></b></div>
5392<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5393<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b></div>
5394<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px;">
5395<b style="text-align: start;"><b><b><span style="font-size: 22pt; line-height: 33.7333px;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">United Colonies and States First Ladies</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></b></b></div>
5396<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5397<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b></div>
5398<div style="font-family: "times new roman"; margin: 0px;">
5399<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></span></b></div>
5400<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5401<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b></div>
5402<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman"; margin: 0px;">
5403<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 27.6px;">1774-1788<o:p></o:p></span></b></b></span></b></div>
5404<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5405<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b></div>
5406<div style="font-family: "times new roman"; margin: 0px;">
5407<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></b></span></b></div>
5408<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5409<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b></div>
5410</div>
5411<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5412<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b><br /></div>
5413<div align="center" style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5414<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightShadingAccent5" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 685px;"><tbody>
5415<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5416<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">United Colonies Continental Congress<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5417</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5418<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">President<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5419</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5420<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">18<sup>th</sup> Century Term<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5421</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5422<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">Age<span style="color: #7b0f19;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
5423</td></tr>
5424<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5425<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.peytonrandolph.com/p/betty-randolph.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth "Betty" Harrison Randolph</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1745-1783)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5426</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5427<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://peytonrandolph.com/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Peyton Randolph</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5428</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5429<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">09/05/74 – 10/22/74<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5430</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5431<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5432</td></tr>
5433<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5434<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.henrymiddleton.com/p/mary-baker-middleton.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Mary Williams Middleton</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1741- 1761) Deceased<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5435</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5436<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Henry Middleton<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5437</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5438<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">10/22–26/74<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5439</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5440<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">n/a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5441</td></tr>
5442<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5443<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.peytonrandolph.com/p/betty-randolph.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth "Betty" Harrison Randolph</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1745–1783)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5444</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5445<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://peytonrandolph.com/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Peyton Randolph</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5446</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5447<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">05/20/ 75 - 05/24/75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5448</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5449<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5450</td></tr>
5451<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5452<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.johnhancock.org/p/dorothy-quincy-hancock-dorothy-quincy.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-siz

5452e: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1747-1830)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5453</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5454<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://johnhancock.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">John Hancock</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5455</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5456<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">05/25/75 – 07/01/76<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5457</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5458<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">28<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5459</td></tr>
5460<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"></td></tr>
5461<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5462<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">United States Continental Congress<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5463</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5464<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">President<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5465</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5466<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">Term<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5467</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5468<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">Age<span style="color: #7b0f19;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
5469</td></tr>
5470<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5471<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.johnhancock.org/p/dorothy-quincy-hancock-dorothy-quincy.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1747-1830)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5472</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5473<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://johnhancock.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">John Hancock</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5474</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5475<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">07/02/76 – 10/29/77<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5476</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5477<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5478</td></tr>
5479<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5480<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.henrylaurens.com/p/eleanor-laurens.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Eleanor Ball Laurens</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1731- 1770) Deceased<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5481</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5482<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Henry Laurens<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5483</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5484<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">11/01/77 – 12/09/78<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5485</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5486<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">n/a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5487</td></tr>
5488<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5489<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.sarahlivingstonjay.org/" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Sarah Livingston Jay</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1756-1802)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5490</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5491<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://johnjay.net/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">John Jay</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5492</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5493<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">12/ 10/78 – 09/28/78<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5494</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5495<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5496</td></tr>
5497<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5498<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.samuelhuntington.org/p/martha-huntington.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Martha Huntington</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1738/39–1794)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5499</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5500<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://samuelhuntington.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Samuel Huntington</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5501</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5502<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">09/29/79 – 02/28/81<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5503</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5504<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">41<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5505</td></tr>
5506<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"></td></tr>
5507<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="31

55077"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5508<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">United States in Congress Assembled<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5509</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5510<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">President<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5511</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5512<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">Term<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5513</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5514<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">Age<span style="color: #7b0f19;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
5515</td></tr>
5516<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5517<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.samuelhuntington.org/p/martha-huntington.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Martha Huntington</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1738/39–1794)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5518</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5519<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://samuelhuntington.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Samuel Huntington</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5520</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5521<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">03/01/81 – 07/06/81<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5522</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5523<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">42<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5524</td></tr>
5525<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5526<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.thomasmckean.com/p/blog-page.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Sarah Armitage McKean </span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1756-1820)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5527</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5528<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://thomasmckean.com/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas McKean</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5529</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5530<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">07/10/81 – 11/04/81<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5531</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5532<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5533</td></tr>
5534<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5535<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.johnhanson.net/p/jane-hanson.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Jane Contee Hanson</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1726-1812)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5536</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5537<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://johnhanson.net/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">John Hanson</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5538</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5539<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">11/05/81 - 11/03/82<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5540</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5541<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">55<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5542</td></tr>
5543<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5544<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.eliasboudinot.com/p/hannah-stockton-boudinot-was-born-21.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Hannah Stockton Boudinot</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1736-1808)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5545</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5546<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://eliasboudinot.com/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Elias Boudinot</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5547</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5548<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">11/03/82 - 11/02/83<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5549</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5550<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5551</td></tr>
5552<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5553<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.thomasmifflin.com/p/sarah-morris-mifflin.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Sarah Morris Mifflin</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1747-1790)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5554</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5555<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://thomasmifflin.com/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas Mifflin</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5556</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5557<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">11/03/83 - 11/02/84<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5558</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5559<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">36<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5560</td></tr>
5561<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5562<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.richardhenrylee.org/p/anne-lee.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Anne Gaskins Pinkard Lee</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1738-1796)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5563</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt

5563; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5564<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://richardhenrylee.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Richard Henry Lee</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5565</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5566<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">11/20/84 - 11/19/85<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5567</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5568<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5569</td></tr>
5570<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5571<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.johnhancock.org/p/dorothy-quincy-hancock-dorothy-quincy.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1747-1830)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5572</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5573<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://johnhancock.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">John Hancock</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5574</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5575<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">11/23/85 – 06/06/86<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5576</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5577<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5578</td></tr>
5579<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5580<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.nathanielgorham.com/p/rebecca-call-was-born-to-caleb-vall.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Rebecca Call Gorham</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1744-1812)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5581</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5582<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://nathanielgorham.com/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Nathaniel Gorham</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5583</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5584<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">06/06/86 - 02/01/87<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5585</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5586<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">42<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5587</td></tr>
5588<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5589<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.arthurstclair.com/p/phoebe-bayard-st-clair.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Phoebe Bayard St. Clair</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1743-1818)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5590</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5591<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://arthurstclair.com/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Arthur St. Clair</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5592</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5593<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">02/02/87 - 01/21/88<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5594</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5595<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">43<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5596</td></tr>
5597<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 237.9pt;" valign="top" width="317"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5598<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.cyrusgriffin.com/p/ladychristina-stuart-daughter-of-6th.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Christina Stuart Griffin</span></a></span></b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> (1751-1807)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5599</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 100pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5600<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://cyrusgriffin.com/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Cyrus Griffin</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
5601</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5602<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">01/22/88 - 01/29/89<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5603</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5604<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">36<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5605</td></tr>
5606</tbody></table>
5607</div>
5608<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5609<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b></div>
5610<div align="center" style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5611<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></div>
5612<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5613<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b></div>
5614<div align="center" style="font-family: "times new roman";">
5615<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightShadingAccent5" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 721px;"><tbody>
5616<tr style="height: 19.5pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 19.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5617<b><i><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">Constitution of 1787</span></i></b><b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />First Ladies<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
5618</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 19.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5619<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">President<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5620</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 19.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5621<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">Term<span style="color: #7b0f19;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
5622</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); height: 19.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margi

5622n: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5623<b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: #7b0f19; font-size: 14pt;">Age<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
5624</td></tr>
5625<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5626<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.marthawashington.org/" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Martha Washington</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5627</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5628<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://georgewashington.us/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">George Washington </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5629</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5630<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5631</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5632<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">57<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5633</td></tr>
5634<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5635<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.abigailadams.us/" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Abigail Adams</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5636</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5637<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.johnadams.us/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">John Adams</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5638</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5639<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5640</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5641<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5642</td></tr>
5643<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5644<u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Martha Wayles Jefferson Deceased<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5645</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5646<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://thomasjefferson.us/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Thomas Jefferson</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5647</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5648<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">September 6, 1782  (Aged 33)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5649</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5650<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">n/a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5651</td></tr>
5652<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5653<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.dolleymadison.org/" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Dolley Madison</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5654</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5655<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://jamesmadison.us/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">James Madison </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5656</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5657<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5658</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5659<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5660</td></tr>
5661<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5662<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.elizabethmonroe.org/" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth Monroe</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5663</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5664<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://jamesmonroe.net/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">James Monroe</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5665</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5666<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5667</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5668<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">48<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5669</td></tr>
5670<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5671<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.johnqadams.org/p/louisa-catherine-johnson-adams-born.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Louisa Adams</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5672</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5673<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.johnqadams.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">John Quincy Adams</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5674</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5675<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5676</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5677<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5678</td></tr>
5679<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5680<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.andrewjackson.org/p/jackson-rachel-born-in-1767-died-at.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" st

5680yle="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;"> Rachel Jackson Deceased</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5681</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5682<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://andrewjackson.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Andrew Jackson</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5683</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5684<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">December 22, 1828 (aged 61)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5685</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5686<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">n/a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5687</td></tr>
5688<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5689<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/martin-van-buren.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Hannah Van Buren Deceased</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5690</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5691<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/martin-van-buren.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Martin Van Buren</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5692</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5693<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">February 5, 1819 (aged 35)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5694</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5695<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">n/a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5696</td></tr>
5697<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5698<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/william-henry-harrison.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Anna Harrison</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5699</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5700<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/william-henry-harrison.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">William H. Harrison</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5701</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5702<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5703</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5704<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5705</td></tr>
5706<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5707<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/john-tyler.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Letitia Tyler</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5708</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5709<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/john-tyler.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">John Tyler</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5710</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5711<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5712</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5713<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5714</td></tr>
5715<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5716<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/john-tyler.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Julia Tyler</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5717</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5718<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/john-tyler.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">John Tyler</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5719</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5720<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">June 26, 1844 – March 4, 1845<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5721</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5722<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5723</td></tr>
5724<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5725<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.jameskpolk.org/p/sarah-polk.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Sarah Polk</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5726</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5727<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://jameskpolk.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">James K. Polk</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5728</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5729<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5730</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5731<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">41<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5732</td></tr>
5733<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5734<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/zachary-taylor.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Margaret Taylor</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5735</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height:

5735 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5736<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/zachary-taylor.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Zachary Taylor</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5737</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5738<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5739</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5740<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5741</td></tr>
5742<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5743<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.millardfillmore.org/p/abigail-powers-fillmore-march-13-1798.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Abigail Fillmore</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5744</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5745<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://millardfillmore.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Millard Fillmore</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5746</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5747<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5748</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5749<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5750</td></tr>
5751<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5752<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/franklin-pierce.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Jane Means Pierce</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5753</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5754<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/franklin-pierce.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Franklin Pierce</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5755</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5756<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5757</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5758<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5759</td></tr>
5760<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5761<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.jamesbuchanan.org/" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Lifelong Bachelor</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5762</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5763<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://jamesbuchanan.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">James Buchanan</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5764</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5765<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">n/a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5766</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5767<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">n/a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5768</td></tr>
5769<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5770<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.abrahamlincoln.us/p/mary-todd-was-carefully-educated-in.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Mary Todd Lincoln</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5771</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5772<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://abrahamlincoln.us/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Abraham Lincoln </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5773</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5774<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5775</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5776<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">42<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5777</td></tr>
5778<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5779<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/jefferson-davis.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Varina Davis</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">*<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5780</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5781<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/jefferson-davis.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Jefferson Davis*</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5782</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5783<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">February 22, 1862 – May 10, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5784</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"></td></tr>
5785<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5786<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.andrewjohnson.org/p/his-wife-eliza-mccardle-johnson-born-in.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Eliza McCardle Johnson</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5787</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5788<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://andrewjohnson.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Andrew Johnson</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div&

5788gt;
5789</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5790<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5791</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5792<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5793</td></tr>
5794<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5795<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.ulyssessgrant.org/p/julia-grant-julia-dent-grant-born-in-st.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Julia Boggs Dent Grant</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5796</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5797<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://ulyssessgrant.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Ulysses S. Grant </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5798</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5799<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5800</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5801<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">43<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5802</td></tr>
5803<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5804<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/rutherford-hayes.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Lucy Ware Webb Hayes</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5805</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5806<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/rutherford-hayes.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Rutherford B. Hayes</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5807</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5808<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5809</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5810<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5811</td></tr>
5812<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5813<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/james-garfield.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Lucretia  Rudolph Garfield</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5814</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5815<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/james-garfield.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">James A. Garfield</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5816</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5817<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5818</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5819<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">48<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5820</td></tr>
5821<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5822<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/chester-arthur.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5823</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5824<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/chester-arthur.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Chester Arthur </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5825</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5826<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 12, 1880 (Aged 43)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5827</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5828<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">n/a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5829</td></tr>
5830<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5831<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/grover-cleveland.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Frances Folsom Cleveland</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5832</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5833<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/grover-cleveland.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Grover Cleveland</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5834</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5835<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5836</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5837<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5838</td></tr>
5839<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5840<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="

5840http://www.benjaminharrison.org/p/caroline-lavinia-scott-harrison-was.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Caroline  Scott Harrison</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5841</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5842<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.benjaminharrison.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Benjamin Harrison</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5843</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5844<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1889 – October 25, 1892<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5845</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5846<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5847</td></tr>
5848<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5849<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/grover-cleveland.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Frances Folsom Cleveland</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5850</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5851<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/grover-cleveland.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Grover Cleveland </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5852</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5853<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5854</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5855<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">28<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5856</td></tr>
5857<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5858<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.williammckinley.org/p/ida-saxton-mckinley-june-8-1847-may-26.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Ida Saxton McKinley</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5859</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5860<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://williammckinley.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">William McKinley</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5861</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5862<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5863</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5864<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">49<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5865</td></tr>
5866<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5867<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.theodoreroosevelt.net/p/edith-kermit-carow-roosevelt.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5868</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5869<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://theodoreroosevelt.net/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Theodore Roosevelt</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5870</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5871<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5872</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5873<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5874</td></tr>
5875<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5876<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.williamhtaft.org/p/helen-herron-taft.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Helen Louise Herron Taft</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5877</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5878<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://williamhtaft.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">William H. Taft </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5879</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5880<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5881</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5882<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">47<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5883</td></tr>
5884<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5885<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="

5885http://www.thomaswoodrowwilson.org/p/ellen-axson-wilson.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Ellen Axson Wilson</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5886</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5887<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.thomaswoodrowwilson.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Woodrow Wilson</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5888</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5889<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5890</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5891<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5892</td></tr>
5893<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5894<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.thomaswoodrowwilson.org/p/edith-wilson.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Edith Bolling Galt Wilson</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5895</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5896<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.thomaswoodrowwilson.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Woodrow Wilson</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5897</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5898<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5899</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5900<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">43<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5901</td></tr>
5902<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5903<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/warren-harding.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Florence Mabel King Harding</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5904</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5905<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/warren-harding.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Warren G. Harding </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5906</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5907<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5908</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5909<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5910</td></tr>
5911<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5912<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.calvincoolidge.org/p/grace-anna-goodhue-coolidge.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5913</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5914<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.calvincoolidge.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Calvin Coolidge</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5915</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5916<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5917</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5918<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">44<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5919</td></tr>
5920<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5921<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.herberthoover.org/p/lou-henry-hoover.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Lou Henry Hoover</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5922</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5923<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://herberthoover.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Herbert C. Hoover</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5924</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5925<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5926</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5927<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5928</td></tr>
5929<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5930<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.eleanorroosevelt.org/" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Eleanor Roosevelt</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5931</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5932<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.franklindroosevelt.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Franklin D. Roosevelt</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5933</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5934<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5935</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5936<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">48<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5937</td></tr>
5938<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5939<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.harrytruman.org/p/blog-page.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth Virginia  "Bess" Truman</span></a></span></b><u><span face="&quo

5939t;calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5940</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5941<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://harrytruman.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Harry S. Truman</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5942</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5943<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5944</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5945<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5946</td></tr>
5947<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5948<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.dwighteisenhower.org/p/marie-doud-geneva-eisenhower-1896-1979.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5949</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5950<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://dwighteisenhower.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Dwight D. Eisenhower</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5951</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5952<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5953</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5954<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5955</td></tr>
5956<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5957<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.johnfkennedy.org/p/jacqueline-bouvier-kennedy.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5958</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5959<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://johnfkennedy.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">John F. Kennedy</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5960</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5961<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5962</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5963<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5964</td></tr>
5965<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5966<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/lyndon-johnson.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Claudia Alta Taylor "Lady Bird" Johnson</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5967</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5968<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/lyndon-johnson.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Lyndon B. Johnson </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5969</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5970<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5971</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5972<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5973</td></tr>
5974<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5975<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.richardnixon.org/p/patricia-ryan-nixon-born-thelma.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Thelma Catherine "Pat" Ryan Nixon</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5976</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5977<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://richardnixon.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Richard M. Nixon </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5978</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5979<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5980</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5981<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5982</td></tr>
5983<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5984<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.geraldrford.org/p/betty.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth Ann "Betty" Ford</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5985</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5986<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://geraldrford.org/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Gerald R. Ford </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5987</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5988<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5989</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5990<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5991</td></tr>
5992<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5993<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.jamesecarter.net/p/eleanor-rosalynn-smith-carter.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Eleanor Rosalynn Carter</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5994</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; pa

5994dding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5995<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://jamesecarter.net/"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">James Earl Carter, Jr. </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
5996</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5997<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981<o:p></o:p></span></div>
5998</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5999<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">49<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6000</td></tr>
6001<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6002<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/ronald-reagan.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Nancy Davis Reagan</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6003</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6004<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/ronald-reagan.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Ronald Wilson Reagan </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6005</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6006<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6007</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6008<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">59<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6009</td></tr>
6010<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6011<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/george-h-w-bush.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Barbara Pierce Bush</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6012</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6013<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/george-h-w-bush.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">George H. W. Bush</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6014</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6015<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6016</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6017<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">63<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6018</td></tr>
6019<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6020<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/william-clinton.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6021</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6022<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/william-clinton.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">William Jefferson Clinton</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6023</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6024<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6025</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6026<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6027</td></tr>
6028<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6029<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/george-w-bush.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Laura  Lane Welch Bush</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6030</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6031<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/george-w-bush.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">George W. Bush </span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6032</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6033<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6034</td><td nowrap="" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6035<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6036</td></tr>
6037<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 194.45pt;" valign="top" width="259"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6038<b><span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://www.uspresidency.com/p/barack-obama.html" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama</span></a></span></b><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6039</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 124pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6040<span style="color: #31849b;"><a href="http://unitedstaespresidency.blogspot.com/p/barack-obama.html"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">Barack H. Obama</span></a></span><u><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
6041</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.95pt;" valign="top" width="231"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6042<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;">January 20, 2009 to date<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6043</td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(210, 234, 241); border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(75, 172, 198); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6044<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
6045<div>
6046<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
6047</td></tr>
6048</tbody></table>
6049</div>
6050<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
6051<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></b></div>
6052</div>
6053<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
6054</div>
6055</div>
6056<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
6057<b style="text-align: start;"><span face=""arial&am

6057p;quot; , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></b></div>
6058</div>
6059<div style="line-height: 24px;">
6060<br />
6061<br />
6062<div style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0.2in;">
6063<div style="text-indent: 0px;">
6064<div style="line-height: 24px;">
6065<div style="line-height: 24px;">
6066<b><span style="font-size: large;">Capitals of the United Colonies and States of America</span></b><br />
6067<div style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman"; line-height: 24px;">
6068<br /></div>
6069<div align="center" style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman"; line-height: 24px;">
6070<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 531px;"><tbody>
6071<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6072<div style="margin: 0px;">
6073<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Philadelphia</span></strong></div>
6074</div>
6075</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6076<div style="margin: 0px;">
6077<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sept. 5, 1774 to Oct. 24, 1774</span></div>
6078</div>
6079</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6080<div style="margin: 0px;">
6081<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_36.html" target="_blank">City Tavern</a> & <a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_97.html" target="_blank">Carpenter’s Hall</a></span></div>
6082</div>
6083</td></tr>
6084<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6085<div style="margin: 0px;">
6086<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Philadelphia</span></strong></div>
6087</div>
6088</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6089<div style="margin: 0px;">
6090<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">May 10, 1775 to Dec. 12, 1776</span></div>
6091</div>
6092</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6093<div style="margin: 0px;">
6094<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_26.html" target="_blank">Pennsylvania State House</a></span></div>
6095</div>
6096</td></tr>
6097<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6098<div style="margin: 0px;">
6099<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Baltimore</span></strong></div>
6100</div>
6101</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6102<div style="margin: 0px;">
6103<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dec. 20, 1776 to Feb. 27, 1777</span></div>
6104</div>
6105</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6106<div style="margin: 0px;">
6107<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_38.html" target="_blank">Henry Fite’s House</a></span></div>
6108</div>
6109</td></tr>
6110<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6111<div style="margin: 0px;">
6112<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Philadelphia</span></strong></div>
6113</div>
6114</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6115<div style="margin: 0px;">
6116<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">March 4, 1777 to Sept. 18, 1777</span></div>
6117</div>
6118</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6119<div style="margin: 0px;">
6120<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_26.html" target="_blank">Pennsylvania State House</a></span></div>
6121</div>
6122</td></tr>
6123<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6124<div style="margin: 0px;">
6125<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Lancaster</span></strong></div>
6126</div>
6127</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6128<div style="margin: 0px;">
6129<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">September 27, 1777</span></div>
6130</div>
6131</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6132<div style="margin: 0px;">
6133<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_16.html" target="_blank">Lancaster  Court House</a></span></div>
6134</div>
6135</td></tr>
6136<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6137<div style="margin: 0px;">
6138<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">York</span></strong></div>
6139</div>
6140</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6141<div style="margin: 0px;">
6142<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sept. 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778</span></div>
6143</div>
6144</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6145<div style="margin: 0px;">
6146<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_44.html" target="_blank">York-town Court House</a></span></div>
6147</div>
6148</td></tr>
6149<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6150<div style="margin: 0px;">
6151<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Philadelphia</span></strong></div>
6152</div>
6153</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6154<div style="margin: 0px;">
6155<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">July 2, 1778 to June 21, 1783</span></div>
6156</div>
6157</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6158<div style="margin: 0px;">
6159<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/college-hall.html" target="_blank">College Hall</a> - <a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_26.html" target="_blank">PA State House</a></span></div>
6160</div>
6161</td></tr>
6162<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6163<div style="margin: 0px;">
6164<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Princeton</span></strong></div>
6165</div>
6166</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6167<div style="margin: 0px;">
6168<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">

6168June 30, 1783 to Nov. 4, 1783</span></div>
6169</div>
6170</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6171<div style="margin: 0px;">
6172<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/prospect-house.html" target="_blank">Prospect House</a> - <a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/nassau-hall-princeton-n.html" target="_blank">Nassau Hall</a></span></div>
6173</div>
6174</td></tr>
6175<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6176<div style="margin: 0px;">
6177<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Annapolis</span></strong></div>
6178</div>
6179</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6180<div style="margin: 0px;">
6181<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Nov. 26, 1783 to Aug. 19, 1784</span></div>
6182</div>
6183</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6184<div style="margin: 0px;">
6185<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page_8.html" target="_blank">Maryland, State House</a></span></div>
6186</div>
6187</td></tr>
6188<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6189<div style="margin: 0px;">
6190<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Trenton</span></strong></div>
6191</div>
6192</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6193<div style="margin: 0px;">
6194<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Nov. 1, 1784 to Dec. 24, 1784</span></div>
6195</div>
6196</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6197<div style="margin: 0px;">
6198<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/blog-page.html" target="_blank">French Arms Tavern</a></span></div>
6199</div>
6200</td></tr>
6201<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6202<div style="margin: 0px;">
6203<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">New York City</span></strong></div>
6204</div>
6205</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6206<div style="margin: 0px;">
6207<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Jan. 11, 1785 to Nov. 13, 1788</span></div>
6208</div>
6209</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6210<div style="margin: 0px;">
6211<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="

6211http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/new-york-city-hall.html" target="_blank">New York City Hall</a></span></div>
6212</div>
6213</td></tr>
6214<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6215<div style="margin: 0px;">
6216<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">New York City</span></strong></div>
6217</div>
6218</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6219<div style="margin: 0px;">
6220<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">October 6, 1788 to March 3,1789</span></div>
6221</div>
6222</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6223<div style="margin: 0px;">
6224<a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/walter-livingston-house.html" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">Walter Livingston House</a></div>
6225</div>
6226</td></tr>
6227<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6228<div style="margin: 0px;">
6229<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">New York City</span></strong></div>
6230</div>
6231</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6232<div style="margin: 0px;">
6233<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">March 3,1789 to August 12, 1790</span></div>
6234</div>
6235</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6236<div style="margin: 0px;">
6237<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/federal.html" target="_blank">Federal Hall</a></span></div>
6238</div>
6239</td></tr>
6240<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6241<div style="margin: 0px;">
6242<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Philadelphia</span></strong></div>
6243</div>
6244</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6245<div style="margin: 0px;">
6246<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dec. 6,1790 to May 14, 1800</span>       </div>
6247</div>
6248</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="background: rgb(211, 223, 238); border: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6249<div style="margin: 0px;">
6250<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/congress-hall.html" target="_blank">Congress Hall</a></span></div>
6251</div>
6252</td></tr>
6253<tr style="height: 15pt;"><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 104pt;" valign="top" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6254<div style="margin: 0px;">
6255<strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">Washington DC</span></strong></div>
6256</div>
6257</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 151pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6258<div style="margin: 0px;">
6259<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">November 17,1800 to Present</span></div>
6260</div>
6261</td><td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(79, 129, 189); border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.5pt;" valign="top" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6262<div style="margin: 0px;">
6263<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.unitedstatescapitals.org/p/us-capitol-building.html" target="_blank">Two US Capitol Buildings</a></span></div>
6264</div>
6265</td></tr>
6266</tbody></table>
6267</div>
6268</div>
6269<div style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman";">
6270<br /></div>
6271</div>
6272</div>
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6276<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both;">
6277<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj2fRE3kf0wJ6yuOTcmJWpebqdCKd-LvtAL9jz4O3_RsMhdu_Fsui2iyzetbzCcQxA4oLJLJOF52OAgUncx_ugsKz8x_vXLwrgsaGNK_04mxVDIjaPVr-QQ7j5G6kgJuiWJQUpyBR9vRE/s1600/Historic-us+Card.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj2fRE3kf0wJ6yuOTcmJWpebqdCKd-LvtAL9jz4O3_RsMhdu_Fsui2iyzetbzCcQxA4oLJLJOF52OAgUncx_ugsKz8x_vXLwrgsaGNK_04mxVDIjaPVr-QQ7j5G6kgJuiWJQUpyBR9vRE/s1600/Historic-us+Card.png" title="Historic.us   A Non-profit Corporation  Primary Source Exhibits  2000 Louisiana Avenue | Venue 15696 New Orleans, Louisiana, 70115  727-771-1776 | Exhibit Inquiries  202-239-1774 | Office  Dr. Naomi and Stanley Yavneh Klos, Principals" width="372" /></a></div>
6278<div style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;">
6279<br /></div>
6280<div style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: justify;">
6281<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
6282<div style="text-align: justify;">
6283<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Book a primary source exhibit and a professional speaker for your next event by contacting Historic.us today. Our Clients include many Fortune 500 companies, associations, non-profits, colleges, universities, national conventions, PR and advertising agencies. As a leading national exhibitor of primary sources, many of our clients have benef

6283ited from our historic displays that are designed to entertain and educate your target audience. <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Contact us</a> to learn how you can join our "roster" of satisfied clientele today!</span><br />
6284<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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6286<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
6287<div style="text-align: center;">
6288<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hhdwJspiz9U?wmode=opaque" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; max-width: 100%;" width="560"></iframe><span face=""helvetica neue light" , , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px;"> </span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px;" /><b style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: "arial narrow"; font-size: medium;">Hosted by The New Orleans Jazz Museum and The Louisiana Historical Center</span></b></span></div>
6289</div>
6290<div style="background-color: white; color: #444444; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: justify;">
6291<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
6292<br /></div>
6293<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
6294<br /></div>
6295</div>
6296<div style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;">
6297<br style="font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px;" /></div>
6298<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px;">
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6302<div style="text-align: center;">
6303<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 20.79px;"><b>Historic.us</b></span><br />
6304<div style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.79px;">
6305<span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span>A Non-profit Corporation</div>
6306<div style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.79px;">
6307<br /></div>
6308<div style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.79px;">
6309<b><span style="color: #990000; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 22pt;">Primary Source Exhibits</span></b></div>
6310<div style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.79px;">
6311<b><span style="color: #990000; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 22pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
6312<div style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: x-large; line-height: 20.79px;">
6313<br /></div>
6314</div>
6315<div style="font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.79px; text-align: center;">
6316<div>
6317<b style="font-size: x-large;">727-771-1776 | Exhibit Inquiries</b></div>
6318<div>
6319<b style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></b><b style="font-size: x-large;">202-239-1774 | Office</b><br />
6320<b style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></b><b style="font-size: x-large;">202-239-0037 </b><b style="font-size: x-large; text-indent: 0in;">| </b><b style="font-size: x-large; text-indent: 0in;">FAX </b></div>
6321<div style="color: #444444;">
6322<span style="color: #333333;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Dr. Naomi and Stanley Yavneh Klos, </i></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Principals</i></span></span></b></div>
6323<div style="color: #333333;">
6324<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
6325<div style="color: #333333;">
6326<span style="font-size: small;"><b>[email protected]</b></span></div>
6327</div>
6328<div style="font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.79px; text-align: center;">
6329<div style="color: #333333;">
6330<span style="font-size: small;"><b>[email protected]</b></span></div>
6331<div style="color: #333333;">
6332<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
6333<div style="text-align: justify;">
6334<b style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large; line-height: normal;"><i><span style="color: #333333;">P</span>rimary Source exhibits are available for display in your community. The costs range from $1,000 to $35,000 depending on length of time on loan and the rarity of artifacts chosen. </i></b></div>
6335<div style="color: #333333;">
6336<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
6337<div style="color: #333333;">
6338<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Website: <a href="http://www.historic.us/" style="color: #4d469c; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">www.Historic.us</a></b></span><br />
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6350<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: medium;">
6351   <span style="background-color: white; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="color: #4d4d4d; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> </span></div>
6352<div style="background-color: white; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 20.79px;">
6353<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><tbody>
6354<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh64Bx5cGx4M5M9EFkxoMpIP7E1D6hayw9ncH6CceTpMsRtnbn1g9x-R_LMHnnSh3If01AxWdy5iqnWBeJLA2lzJVbDsKRslRsXV_YQWlKXdR-Qi5hqng0pVnUMW8xYUfwjalpKbdQQvtaZ/s1600/Merryday+2.jpg" style="color: #3244ff; font-family: "times new roman"; line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh64Bx5cGx4M5M9EFkxoMpIP7E1D6hayw9ncH6CceTpMsRtnbn1g9x-R_LMHnnSh3If01AxWdy5iqnWBeJLA2lzJVbDsKRslRsXV_YQWlKXdR-Qi5hqng0pVnUMW8xYUfwjalpKbdQQvtaZ/s640/Merryday+2.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" title="“The plaintiff’s wish to correct what he regards as a widespread misconception about those who served the nation under the Articles of Confederation is laudable.” – Steven D. Merryday, Chief United States District Judge --- Stanley Klos, Plaintiff, Appellant v. Henry M. Paulson, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury, Defendant, Appellee." width="640" /></a></td></tr>
6355<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><b style="font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #990000;">U.S. Dollar Presidential Coin Mr. Klos vs Secretary Paulson</span> - </span><a href="http://www.coinact.us/p/in-united-states-court-of-appeals-filed_2452.html" style="color: #2e2e8a; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: medium;" target="_blank">Click Here</a></b></td></tr>
6356</tbody></table>
6357</div>
6358<div style="font-size: medium; text-align: left;">
6359<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial narrow"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: center;" /></div>
6360<div style="background-color: white; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 14.85px;">
6361<span style="font-family: "arial narrow"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">The United Colonies of North America Continental Congress Presidents (1774-1776)</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 36px;"><br />The United States of America Continental Congress Presidents (1776-1781)<br />The United States of America in Congress Assembled Presidents (1781-1789)<br />The United States of America Presidents and Commanders-in-Chiefs (1789-Present)</span></span></div>
6362<div style="font-size: medium; text-align: left;">
6363<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial narrow"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: georgia, utopia, "palatino linotype", palatino, serif; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: center;" /></div>
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6367<b><span style="font-family: "arial narrow"; font-size: 16pt;"><a href="https://www.uspresidency.com/p/complete-list-of-uc-and-us-presidents.html" style="color: blue; text-decoration-line: none;">Click Here for the complete list and links to their biographies</a></span></b><br />
6368<b><br /></b><b><br /></b></div>
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6381<script src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js" type="text/javascript">
6382</script></div>
6383</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.thomasmifflin.com/feeds/2714379111120107916/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.thomasmifflin.com/2012/11/president-thomas-mifflin.html#comment-form' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8483792674043307639/posts/default/2714379111120107916'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8483792674043307639/posts/default/2714379111120107916'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.thomasmifflin.com/2012/11/president-thomas-mifflin.html' title='President Thomas Mifflin'/><author><name>Stan Klos</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13178581524052821016</uri><email>[email protected]</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='22' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl7L7QS8c5GSTbZisS9ScnNuSSBSGCqv-6swCNAx_XF_jEQ0kxpySdOYNm68OjeZ3coxinNy_dZBcG7jpWo1y32FsV1mmpOHYzYnXKdjpsQIqYaZ8hBpo5sBbZNn_bPA/s220/stanklosss.jpg'/></author>

6383<media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim6f8Ywxvv8vfJZUXzjH8F0l19-OWjdTjHJNB4P3RmyHqye0toqnv_BgFMIq7yVZ-k513TigS4_kxGHcG-YQ1bQhCrtgQKPdkBfon1hDzkj7tjzQckL_aKGMfBZR7t69NLJwE6NPyr-W9Q1Nia1FVXhpCQcOj4z9_UyFneqyQ24xcxInJJyudoXpwerWPv/s72-w400-h400-c/Mifflin,%20Thomas%20USCA.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry></feed>