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7<META NAME="description" CONTENT="The history of the 1st Cavalry Division
8and its Subordinate Elements; Maneuver Units of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 1st
9Air Cavalry Combat Brigades; - the 1st, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th
10Cavalry Regiments; - 1st and 2nd Battle Groups;  - 58th and 227th Aviation
11Regiments: - Artillery, Engineer, Support, Separate Companies and Battalions
12Command Units; - 21st and 82nd Field Artillery Battalions; - 68th Chemical
13Company; - 8th, 20th, 91st Engineer Battalions; - 15th, 27th, 115th, 215th,
14515th, and 615th Support Battalions; - 5th Air Defense. 13th Signal and 312th
15MI Battalions; 545th MP Company; - Direct Support Command Units of the 9th Air
16Support Operations, 15th Finance Company, 15th Personnel Service Battalion; -
17Material Management Center; - 1st Cavalry Division Band, Horse Detachment and
18Museum which depicts the evolution of the horse soldier from the early days to
19the modern, highly trained, mission ready, assault and support forces of
20today.">
21
22<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Cavalry OutPost Publications, Military History
23of 1st Cavalry Division; - Order of Battle; - Fort Bliss; - World War II,
24Japan, Camp Drake; - Korean War, Hokkaido DMZ; - Fort Benning; - Vietnam War,
25Camp Radcliff, An Khe; - Fort Hood, Gulf War, Bosnia Peacekeepers; - Kuwait,
26Operation ENDURING FREEDOM, Operation IRAQI FREEDOM, Camp Victory, Baghdad and
27Iraq">
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80
81        <H2>Cavalry OutPost &#169;<BR>                                        
82                   of the<BR> 
83            1st Cavalry Division<BR>
84                    and<BR>
85            Subordinate Commands</H2><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
86
87<P>
88<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
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93
94    <TH><FONT SIZE="5">&nbsp; "Theme From Lyndon Johnson's Texas" &nbsp;</FONT></TH>
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100<TR><TH COLSPAN="5">
101         For those troopers who long for their "Texas Home"<BR>
102         Composed by Glrnn Paxton & Cindy Walker<BR>
103         1st Cavalry Division Band - Ft. Hood, TX.</TH></TR>
104</TABLE>
104</P>
105
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107<IMG SRC="1cdgreet.gif" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="90">
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113</TH></TR>
114<TR><TH VALIGN="MIDDLE"> The Outpost Log indicates that you reported: <BR>
115        <B>Time: </B> <INPUT TYPE="text" STYLE="text-align: center" NAME="time" SIZE=9 VALUE=""> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
116        <B>Date: </B> <INPUT TYPE="text" STYLE="text-align: center" NAME="date" SIZE=9 VALUE=""> </TH></TR>
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179        <IMG SRC="finger-l.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="ABSMIDDLE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">
180        <I> Global Traffic </I>
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197
198        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500" COLSPAN="3"><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>
199                Radiating Antenna Locations "OnLine" In Last 10 Minutes</FONT><BR>
200                Click On Global Traffic Image To Display Statistics<BR>
201                Thanks For Visiting The OutPost</I></TH></TR>
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214
215<TR><TD BGCOLOR="000000"><FONT COLOR="FFD500" SIZE="2"><B><I>
216        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
217        The Graphical Traffic of InterNet Provider (IP) Viewer Locations
218        displayed in the "drop down" menu above was prepared using statical
219        data gathered and provided by: <CENTER>Daniel Seifert, Developer of
220        Revolver Maps.com</CENTER></I></B></FONT></TD></TR>
221</TABLE>
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230<TR><TH><IMG SRC="1cd_pin.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="51" HEIGHT="45"></TH>
231    <TH><FONT SIZE="4">&nbsp; The Outpost &#169; <BR>
232                            &nbsp; &nbsp; HomePage Of America's "First Team" &nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></TH>
233    <TH><IMG SRC="1cd_pin.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="51" HEIGHT="45"></TH></TR>
234</TABLE>     
235
236<P>
237<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
238<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-001.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
239<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>On The Trail To The Cavalry Outpost</I></TH></TR>
240</TABLE>
240</P>
241
242<P ALIGN="CENTER">
243<IMG SRC="1cdintro.gif" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="90"></P>
244
245<P>
246<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
247<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP">
248Some of you old troopers may wonder why a new Internet GateWay Site was
249developed for the Cavalry OutPost &#169;, HomePage Of America's "First Team".
250As you read the history of many of the subordinate regiments of the 1st
251Cavalry Division, each grew out of the need for protection of the movements
252and property of settlers of the Frontier as it slowly ebbed its way West.
253
254<P>
255<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
256As the operating areas of each of the Regiments began to be focused and
257defined to the Southwest, Fort Bliss, TX began to play a more significant role
258in controlling the movements of these Regiments. In a timely manner, the Army
259established a permanent Cavalry Division Table of Organization & Equipment and
260activated and organized the 1st Cavalry Division (as one of two authorized
261Cavalry Divisions) at Fort Bliss, TX, and in the detailed organization,
262designated many of local Regiments as its subordinate Units.</P>
263
264<P>
265<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
266The information of this opening Chapter provides:<UL>
267
268        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
269        <LI>a background of the "western migration",
270
271        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
272        <LI>actions taken by the Army to provide protection of the settlers
273            moving west,
274
275        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
276        <LI>the long standing influence of the growth of Fort Bliss, TX on
277            the expansion of the Southwest,
278
279        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
280        <LI>the evolution and related history of the 1st Cavalry Division
281            until its World War II deployment to the Pacific Theater.
282            </UL><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
283
284<P>
285<FORM NAME="Img_Zoom">
286<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
287<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
288        <TR><TH>
288<!-- CHANGE 300 to your image width, 230 to image height, and "myRoute" to your image's Name-->
289                <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Expand " onMousedown="idGrafic(200, 215, 'myWebSite', 'Expand', 13)" onMouseup="clearZoom()">
290                <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="10">
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294                </TH></TR>
295        <TR><TH><DIV STYLE="position:relative; width:200; height:215">
296                <DIV STYLE="position:absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width:200; height:215">
297                <IMG NAME="myWebSite" SRC="site_map.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="215" ALT='Position cursor on selected function, "Click" and "Hold".'>
298                </DIV></DIV></TH></TR>
299        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Web_Site Map Instructions</I></TH></TR>
300        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
301</TABLE>
301
302</FORM>
303
304<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
305However, before browsing this website, it may be appropriate to view a map of
306the first two URLs of the WebSite that highlights the critical links of the
307various data bases so that your desired information of the 1st Cavalry
308Division and its subordinate units may be obtained in a minimum of your time
309and effort.</P>
310
311<P>
312<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
313To access the 4 ways to enter the WebSite Database (which are on the 2nd URL
314page). Expand the image to the left for improved viewability and follow the
315sequences described below:<UL>
316
317        <LI><IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
318            Read historical information contained on Ft. Bliss, Texas (the
319            organizational location of the 1st Cavalry Division and view its
320            early background development and current activities: or
321
322        <LI><IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
323            Scroll down the main URL (www.first-team.us) until an image of the
324            OutPost Fort comes into view. Double clicking on the image link
325            will direct your browser to the 2nd URL (The Scout's Prologue -
326            Organizational Legacy of the 1st Cavalry Division and Subordinate
327            Units.</UL></P>
328
329<P>
330<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
331In addition to additional historical data about the 1st Cavalry Division the
3322nd URL accommodates the branches that provide the separate links to enter the
333WebSite data information website stream.<OL>
334
335        <LI>Read and/or scroll down to the Table Listing of Active (Assigned)
336            Units of the Division. Select a Brigade Command or any of its
337            Subordinate Units. double clicking on the unit will direct your
338            browser to the specific organizational history of the unit
339            selected. Upon completion of that specific unit, a link (at the
340            end) entitled "1CD Organization" will return your browser to the
341            assigned Unit Listing Table. Or
342
343        <LI>Read and/or scroll down to the Table Listing of Legacy (Previously
344            Assigned and Deactivated) Commands and Subordinate Units. Selecting
345            a unit will replicate the viewing activity listed above.
346
347        <LI>The narrative history of the Division may be viewed by scrolling
348            directly to the Table Of Contents and double clicking on the
349            specific Chapter or Appendix of interest. The selection of the
350            first Chapter will continuously link all Chapters and the
351            Appendixes together.
352
353        <LI>A final and perhaps more specific data may researched by scrolling
354            to the "Scouts Out" website search engine and entering a "key"
355            search word or words of interest. The browser will list and link
356            all URLs containing the key word(s) -Thank You. </OL></P>
357
358<P ALIGN="CENTER">
359<IMG SRC="manifest.gif" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="90"></P>
360
361<P>
362<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
363The time is the 1800s, the place of choice and Opportunity is the new western
364frontier, and the mood has turned to adventure and search of wealth. It had
365been several decades since the Unites States gained its independence, and
366during this time its geographical area has tripled. By the nature of its
367contagious landscape, the United States was destined to stretch from the
368Atlantic To The Pacific Oceans. As the Eastern portion of the country became
369more populated, the attention of many turned westward.</P>
370
371<P>
372<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
373The phrase <I>"Manifest Destiny"</I> was coined to describe the philosophy
374that the United States had a divine right to become a transcontinental nation.
375Most of the public was in favor of territorial expansion, though some
376politicians felt it contradicted the constitution. Strict constructionists
377were against territorial expansion, while loose constructionists felt
378expansion was the United States  destiny. Strict constructionists centered
379their platform around the fact that the constitution never directly stated
380that the federal government had the right to acquire land. Those that view
381the constitution liberally, or loose constructionists, counter that stand by
382claiming the right of expansion falls under the implied powers of the
383government. The idea of <I>"Manifest Destiny"</I> split American politics more
384than any other factor up till the 1850's.</P>
385
386<P>
387<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" AL
387IGN="CENTER">
388<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="1" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="739" ALIGN="CENTER">
389     
390        <TR BGCOLOR="FFD500"><TH COLSPAN="5"><FONT SIZE="5"> UNITED STATES TERRITORIAL EXPANSION, 1783 - 1917 </FONT></TH></TR>
391
392        <TR><TD><DIV STYLE="WIDTH: 741px; HEIGHT: 571px; OVERFLOW: AUTO;">
393
394                <TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="1" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="717" ALIGN="CENTER">
395
396                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TH COLSPAN="5">
397                                <IMG SRC="i_op-038.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="715"></TH></TR>
398        
399                <TR BGCOLOR="FFD500" VALIGN="TOP"><TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="CELLPADDING: 5px;"><B>
400                                <CENTER>American Progress, John Gast (circa 1872)</I><BR>
401
402                                </CENTER>
403                                <STYLE TYPE="text/css">
404                                <!--
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409
410                                <DIV><DIV CLASS="PADDING" CLASS="LEFT">
411                                The painting, an allegorical representation of the western expansion, depicts
412                                a personification of the United States, Columbia. leading American settlers
413                                westward, stringing telegraph wire as she sweeps forward; she holds a school
414                                textbook. The different stages of economic activity of the pioneers are
415                                highlighted and, especially, the changing forms of transportation used to
416                                achieve their objectives.</DIV>
417                                     <DIV CLASS="RIGHT">SCROLL DOWN HERE
418                                     <IMG SRC="arrow-r.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="15"></DIV>
419                                </DIV> </B></TD></TR>
420
421                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TH COLSPAN="5">
422
423                                <FORM NAME="Img_Zoom">
424                                <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
425                                <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500">
426                                        <!-- CHANGE 715 to your image width, 200 to image height, and "myGrafic" to your image's Name-->
427                                        <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Expand " onMousedown="idGrafic(715, 483, 'myDestiny', 'Expand', 2)" onMouseup="clearZoom()">
428                                        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="10">
429                                        <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Normal " onMousedown="idGrafic(715, 483, 'myDestiny', 'Normal', 2)">
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431                                        <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Reduce " onMousedown="idGrafic(715, 483, 'myDestiny', 'Reduce', 2)" onMouseup="clearZoom()">--></TH></TR>
432
433                                <TR><TH><DIV STYLE="position:relative; width:715; height:483">
434                                        <DIV STYLE="position:absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width:715; height:483">
435                                        <IMG NAME="myDestiny" SRC="i_op-039.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="715" HEIGHT="483" ALT='Position cursor on selected function, "Click" and "Hold".'>
436                                        </DIV></DIV></TH></TR>
437
438                                </TABLE>
439                                </FORM></TH></TR>
440
441                <TR BGCOLOR="FFD500" VALIGN="TOP"><TH COLSPAN="5">
442                                 <I>Expansion Territories Undertaken Via Manifest Destiny Philosophy</I><BR>
443
444                                </CENTER>
445                                <STYLE TYPE="text/css">
446                                <!--
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451
452                                <DIV><DIV CLASS="PADDING" CLASS="LEFT">
453                                     <DIV CLASS="RIGHT">SCROLL DOWN HERE
454                                     <IMG SRC="arrow-r.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="15"></DIV>
455                                </DIV> </B></TD></TR>
456
457                <TR BGCOLOR="000000"><TH WIDTH="150"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Land Area </TH>
458                                <TH WIDTH= "45"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Year </TH>
459                                <TH WIDTH="170"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Means Of Acquisition </TH>
460                                <TH WIDTH= "90"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Cost </TH>
461                                <TH WIDTH="260"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Impact / Significance </TH></TR>
462
463                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Original 13 Colonies And Land Extending To The Mississippi River. </B></TD>
464                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1783 </B></TH>
465                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Treaty Of Paris With England Concluding The Revolution War. </B></TD>
466                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 0 </B></TH>
467                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>US Gained The Trans - Appalachian Empire.
468                                                         <LI>Led To The Recognition Of The Northwest Territories As US Lands By Passage Of The Northwest Ordinance In 1787.</UL></B></TD></TR>
469
470                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B>
470 Louisiana Territory. </B></TD>
471                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1803 </B></TH>
472                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Treaty with Napoleon Held In France. </B></TD>
473                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 15 Million </B></TH>
474                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>Doubled The Land Area Of The US.
475                                                         <LI>The New Territory Gave The US Control Of The Mississippi River and The Port of New Orleans.
476                                                         <LI>Lewis & Clark Explored The New Territory (1803 - 1806).
477                                                         <LI>Eliminated France As A Threat To US Security.
478                                                         <LI>Led To Conflicts Over Slavery In The New Territories.</UL> </B></TD></TR>
479
480                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Florida Territory. </B></TD>
481                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1819 </B></TH>
482                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Treaty Of Adams-Nois Held In Spain. </B></TD>
483                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 5 Million </B></TH>
484                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>Established The Sasbine River As The US Southern Boundary.
485                                                         <LI>Established A Boundary Between New Spain And The Louisiana Territory.
486                                                         <LI>Spain Recognized US Claims To The Oregon Territories.
487                                                         <LI>US Surrendered Its Claims To Texas.</UL> </B></TD></TR>
488
489                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> British Cession. </B></TD>
490                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1818 </B></TH>
491                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Anglo-American Convention of 1818 </TD>
492                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 0 </B></TH>
493                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>US Secured Fishing Rights Along Newfoundland And Labrador.
494                                                         <LI>
494Established The Boundary Between British North America (Canada) And The US.</UL></B></TD></TR>
495
496                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Texas Republic. </B></TD>
497                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1845 </B></TH>
498                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Annexation Of An Independent Republic. </TD>
499                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 0 </B></TH>
500                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>Texas Was Given The Right To Secede Fpm The Union In The Event Of A Civil War.
501                                                         <LI>As A Condition Of Annexation, Texas Was Given The Right To Subdivide Into As Many As 5 States.
502                                                         <LI>Texas Did Not Have To Surrender Any Public Lands To The US.
503                                                         <LI>Admitted As The 28th State In 1845.</UL></B></TD>                </TR>
504
505                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Oregon Country. </B></TD>
506                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1846 </B></TH>
507                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Treaty signed with England. </B></TD>
508                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 0 </B></TH>
509                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>Prevented War With England By Splitting The Oregon Territory At The 49th Parallel.
510                                                         <LI>Gave US A Clear Claim To Land Bordering The Pacific Coast.
511                                                         <LI>The Land Link Between The Atlantic And The Pacific Oceans Was Closed.</UL> </B></TD>
512                </TR>
513
514                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Mexican Cession. </B></TD>
515                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1848 </B></TH>
516                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Treaty Of Guadalupe - Hidalgo Signed At The End Of The Mexican Wars. </B></TD>
517                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 15 Million </B></TH>
518                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>US Acquired California And A Large Section Of Southwestern North America.
519                                                         <LI>Acquisition Smothered The Drive For Manifest Destiny.
520                                                         <LI>Led To Conflicts Over Slavery In The Newly Acquired Mexican Territory.</UL> </B></TD>
521                </TR>
522
523                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Gadsden Purchase. </B></TD>
524                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1853 </B></TH>
525                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Treaty Held With The Mexican Government. </B></TD>
526                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $10 Million </B></TH>
527                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>Purchased For A Southern Transcontinental Railroad Route Across US.
528                                                         <LI>Instead, The Railroad Was Routed West Through The Central Plains.</UL> </B></TD>
529                </TR>
530
531                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Alaska Territory. </B></TD>
532                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1867 </B></TH>
533                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Negotiations With Russia. </B></TD>
534                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 7 Million </B></TH>
535                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>Land Mass Greater Than Twice The Size Of Texas.
536                                                         <LI>Ultimate Financial Yield Of Natural Resources Far Greater Than The Original Purchase.
537                                                         <LI>The Last "Open" US Frontier.
538                                                         <LI>Admitted As The 49th State In 1959.</UL> </B></TD></TR>
539
540                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Hawaiian Islands. </B></TD>
541                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1898 </B></TH>
542                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Territory Annexed As A Military Base To Fight The Spanish </B></TD>
543                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 0 </B></TH>
544                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>Admitted As The 50th State In 1959.</UL> </B></TD> </TR>
545
546                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Puerto Rico. </B></TD>
547                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1898 </B></TH>
548                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Annexed Following the Spanish American War </B></TD>
549                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 0 </B></TH>
550                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>A Self Governing Commonwealth Of The US.</UL> </B></TD></TR>
551
552                <TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD WIDTH="150"><B> Virgin Islands </B></TD>
553                                 <TH WIDTH= "45"><B> 1917 </B></TH>
554                                 <TD WIDTH="170"><B> Purchased From Denmark </B></TD>
555                                 <TH WIDTH= "90"><B> $ 25 Million </B></TH>
556                                 <TD WIDTH="260"><B> <UL><LI>An Unincorporated Territory Of The US.</UL> </B></TD></TR>
557
558                <TR BGCOLOR="000000"><TH WIDTH="150"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Land Area </TH>
559                                <TH WIDTH= "45"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Year </TH>
560                                <TH WIDTH="170"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Means Of Acquisition </TH>
561                                <TH WIDTH= "90"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Cost </TH>
562                                <TH WIDTH="260"><FONT COLOR="FFD500"> Impact / Significance </TH></TR>
563
564                </TABLE>
565                </DIV></TD>
565</TR>
566        </TABLE></TH></TR>
567</TABLE></P>
568
569<P>
570<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
571Notwithstanding the growing contradictions to that end, the 1810s began a
572rapid territorial exploration and expansion that extended the domination of
573the United States into the far southern, western and northern regions of the
574North American continent. The most significant and noteworthy exploitations of
575these new areas was brought about by the establishment of a number of key,
576well traveled, overland routes. Some of the more notably famous were:
577<P><BR CLEAR="ALL">
578
579
580<P>
581<FORM NAME="Img_Zoom">
582<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
583<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
584        <TR><TH><!-- CHANGE 200 to your image width, 200 to image height, and "myGrafic" to your image's Name-->
585                <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Expand " onMousedown="idGrafic(200, 200, 'myTrails', 'Expand', 6)" onMouseup="clearZoom()">
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590                </TH></TR>
591        <TR><TH><DIV STYLE="position:relative; width:200; height:200">
592                <DIV STYLE="position:absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width:200; height:200">
593                <IMG NAME="myTrails" SRC="i_op-040.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="200" ALT='Position cursor on selected function, "Click" and "Hold".'>
594                </DIV></DIV></TH></TR>
595        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>"Manifest Destiny" Trails</I></TH></TR>
596        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
597</TABLE>
597
598</FORM>
599
600<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT"><UL>
601        <LI>Old Spanish Trail - Santa Fe, New Mexico Territory to Los Angeles,
602            California.
603
604        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
605        <LI>Santa Fe Trail - Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico
606            Territory.
607
608        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
609        <LI>Oregon Trail - Independence, Missouri to the Oregon Territory.
610
611        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
612        <LI>Mormon Trail - Nauvoo, Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah Territory.
613
614        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
615        <LI>California Trail - Fort Hall, Oregon Territory to Sacramento,
616            California.
617
618        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
619        <LI>The Pony Express Mail Route - St. Joseph, Missouri passing through
620            territories of the present states of Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska,
621            Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and ending at Sacramento,
622            California, was 1840 miles in length.
623
624        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
625        <LI>Butterfield Overland Mail Route - a stagecoach route, operating
626            from 1857 to 1861 was a conduit for passengers and US mail from
627            two eastern terminals, Memphis, Tennessee and St. Louis, Missouri.
628            The routes from each terminal met at Fort Smith, Arkansas and then
629            continued through Indian Territory, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona,
630            ending at San Francisco, California.
631
632        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
633        <LI>El Camino Real - the ancient road in use for three hundred years
634            (1585 - 1885) connected Mexico City, Mexico with Santa Fe, San
635            Diego and San Francisco in the New Spain territories.
636
637        <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
638        <LI>Southern Emigrant Trail - Mesilla, New Mexico Territory to Los
639            Angeles, California.</UL></P>
640
641<P>
642<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
643As a result of the perceived "Manifest Destiny", existence of these routes
644gave proof to the declaration, "<I>build it and they will come !</I>". As more
645and more emigrants and their wagon trains loaded with their worldly
646belongings, rolling west, were being stalked and attacked by Indians the need
647for control by the United States into the far reaches of a largely unsettled,
648hostile territory became necessary.</P>
649
650<P>
651<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
652The Army, having the charter to explore the large areas of land masses and
653protect the growing number of people who moved into the new territories,
654established a number of military posts at strategic locations along the
655emigration trails throughout the Southwest, West and Northwest regions. These
656"frontier outposts" were staffed with a fast, mobile and high spirited
657striking force of cavalry troops to provide protection along the arteries of
658emigration and commerce. The operation of these territorial missions in the
6591800s and early 1900s, began the long enduring sharpening of the tactical
660skills of the independent, highly maneuverable cavalry regiments of
661today.</P>
662
663<P>
664<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
665By the 1830's it had become apparent that the rapidly expanding frontier 
666demanded highly mobile troops capable of tracking down and pursuing the 
667Indians beyond their usual haunts to cover the vast expanses of the American 
668West. The roots of the 1st Cavalry Division are found in an answer to those
669who advocated a mounted military force for speed and mobility, yet trained and 
670properly equipped to fight dismounted as well as mounted. The <I>US Regiment
671of Dragoons</I> was regionally organized covering a wide segment of the
672country, as follows:<UL>
673
674        <LI>Headquarters - Jefferson Barracks, Missouri: 04 March, 1833.
675
676        <LI>"A" Troop - Nashville, Tennessee: 12 August, 1833.
677
678        <LI>"B" Troop - Sacketts Harbor, New York: 29 July, 1833.
679
680        <LI>"C" Troop - Louisville, Kentucky: June, 1833.
681
682        <LI>"D" Troop - Cincinnati, Ohio: 25 June. 1833.
683
684        <LI>"E" Troop - New York, New York: 29 June, 1833.
685
686        <LI>"F" Troop - Jefferson Barracks: 05 December, 1833
687
688        <LI>"G" Troop - Jefferson Barracks: 16 January, 1834.
689
690        <LI>"H" Troop - Jefferson Barracks: 02 March, 1834.</UL></P>
691
692<P>
693<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
694<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
695        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-041.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="300"></TH></TR>
696        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>US Regiment of Dragoons</I></TH></TR>
697        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
698</TABLE>
699
700<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
701In the field, enlisted men wore dark-blue wool fatigue jackets trimmed with
702yellow worsted tape around the collar, cuffs and shoulder straps. Officers
703generally retained their dress coats with two rows of brass buttons and gold
704or yellow epaulets to indicate rank; noncommissioned officers wore yellow
705sleeve chevrons. Trousers were sky blue, with a single yellow leg stripe for
706enlisted men and a double stripe for officers and NCOs. Off the parade ground,
707headgear consisted of the ubiquitous dark-blue round forage cap with its small
708black leather visor and chin strap. The cap of the officers might sport large
709brass stars or such other devices that caught their fancy.</P>
710
711<P>
712<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
713When the US Regiment of Dragoons were organized, the Western Department of the
714Army (Army of the West) protected the perimeter of the western frontier, a
715line stretching from Fort Snelling, Minnesota, in the north, to Fort Gibson,
716Arkansas Territory, in the south. In October 1833, the five companies first
717organized were sent under Colonel Dodge to winter in the vicinity of Fort
718Gibson which had been established 1824 in Indian Territory by Colonel Matthew
719Arbuckle. They remained there until June 1834.</P>
720
721<P>
722<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
723At headquarters, Colonel Henry Dodge and Lt. Colonel Steven Watts Kearny
724mapped the campaign that lay ahead. In the summer of 1834, their first western
725expedition, the first official contact between the American government and the
726Plains Indians. was charged with impressing the restless Pawnee, Kiowa and
727Comanche Indian Tribes of their presence and force. The US Dragoon Regiment
728left Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, on 20 June, 1834. On 25 June, they joined with the
729forces of General Henry Leavenworth, Commander of the Western Department of
730the Army, for a two month exploration and survey of the western plains.</P>
731
732<P>
733<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
734On 03 September 1834, Lt. Colonel Kearny, accompanied by three companies of
735Dragoons totaling 113 men, left Fort Gibson, Oklahoma to establish and occupy
736a new army post, Fort Des Moines No. 1, located at the mouth of the Des Moines
737River (near present day Montrose, Iowa), which would protect travelers from
738Indian encroachment, opening the new frontier territory for settlement. Such a
739post, located in the upper Mississippi country, would also minimize open
740warfare between the powerful Sioux, Chippewa and Sac Indian Tribes. In
741subsequent explorations, lead by Lt. Colonel Kearny, the Dragoons would select
742and recommended additional sites for two future military posts in the nearby
743frontier areas, Fort Dodge and Fort Des Moines No. 2, which would eventually
744become the cities of Fort Dodge and Des Moines, Iowa.</P> 
745
746<P>
747<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
748On 29 May 1835, Colonel Henry Dodge and the US Regiment of Dragoons went on a
749second western exploration from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to the Rocky
750Mountains. He traveled north, along the west bank of the Missouri River, to
751the mouth of the Platte River. Moving in a western direction, he followed the 
752Platte River to its source in Colorado and went south to the head-waters of 
753the Arkansas River (near present day Leadville, Colorado) and returned to the 
754Kansas Plains down its valley.</P>
755
756<P>
757<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
758In 1836, with the successes of the First Regiment Of Dragoons in penetrating
759and mapping areas of the "New Frontier", quickly - additional cavalry units
760were placed in service as the Second Regiment of Dragoons was organized and
761the original United States Regiment of Dragoons was redesignated as the First
762Regiment Of Dragoons. In 1846 the Regiment Of Mounted Riflemen was organized,
763followed by the organization of the 1st and 2nd Cavalry Regiments in 1855.</P>
764
765<P ALIGN="CENTER">
766<IMG SRC="mex_cess.gif" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="90"></P>
767
768<P>
769<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
770<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
771        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="ft_bliss.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
772        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Ft. Bliss, Texas</I></TH></TR>
773        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
774</TABLE>
775
776<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
777On 02 February 1848, at the conclusion of the Mexican American War hostilities
778- the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo awarded the United States a
779significant land holding comprising the present states of Texas, New Mexico,
780Arizona, and California. As the United States assumed responsibility for the
781security of its newest possession - the American Southwest, The War Department
782issued General Order No. 58 (07 November, 1848) declaring "the six companies
783of the 3rd Infantry Regiment now in Texas, will, as soon as the necessary
784reconnaissance can be made in the direction of El Paso, be put enroute to
785establish a post to protect the region."</P>
786
787<P>
788<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
789Historically, the mission resulted in the establishment of "The Post Opposite
790El Paso del Norte", 1849 - 1851, by Major Jefferson Van Horne and his troops
791of the 3rd Infantry Regiment. The Post was later named "Bliss" in honor of
792Lieutenant Colonel William Wallace Smith Bliss - a former Assistant Adjutant
793General in the American-Mexican War, was located on six acres of land (now
794downtown El Paso) leased for $250 per month from Benjamin Franklin Coons, a
795local merchant in the area. With a new American settlement on the north bank
796and adjacent to the Post, the Mexican city on the south bank of the Rio Grande
797River, now comprised of several thousand people, became known as Cuidad
798Juarez.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
799
800<P>
801<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
802<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-002.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="275"></TH></TR>
803<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>"The Post Opposite El Paso del Norte", (El Paso 1849 ~ 1851)</I></TH></TR>
804</TABLE>
804<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
805
806<P>
807<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
808The garrison of Fort Bliss, along with soldiers of Fort Selden, NM and other
809Southwestern outposts, protected the recently-won territory from harassing
810Apaches and Comanches. With constant Indian raids in the northern areas, the
811garrisons of Fort Bliss had to be moved frequently to meet the shifting
812threats. In 1851, the companies of troops stationed in El Paso were moved 40
813miles (64 km) north to the area of Fort Fillmore, New Mexico. Records indicate
814that for more than two years, there was none garrisoned at "The Post Opposite
815El Paso del Norte".</P>
816
817<P>
818<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
819In January 1854, at the urging of citizens of Franklin, Texas, a new
820fortification at a third location, "The Post of El Paso", was established on
821leased property of Magofflin's Ranch, also known as Magoffsville.
822<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
823
824<P>
825<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
826<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
827        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-003.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
828        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Officers' Quarters, Concordia</I></TH></TR>
829        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
830</TABLE>
830
831
832<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
833In 1859 the surrounding areas outgrew the name of "Franklin" and thereafter
834became known by its logical name "El Paso", taken from the natural
835geographical surroundings. On 31 March 1861, the onset of the Civil War
836brought about the surrender of all Texas Military Posts, including Fort Bliss
837at Magoffinsville, to Confederate volunteers. Following acceptance of
838surrender, the Confederates used Fort Bliss as an assembly point and base of
839operations for their invasion into Mexico in 1862. After failure of that
840venture, the Confederates destroyed what was left of the Fort and withdrew
841after burning it to the ground.</P>
842
843<P>
844<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
845In 1861, in a broader view of the divided political objectives of the North
846and South, which was leading to the possibility of a Civil War, the Army
847organized another new Cavalry Regiment (the 6th Cavalry Regiment) and
848recognized a prior inconsistency in naming previous Cavalry units. The former
849Regiments were numerically redesignated sequentially as they had been
850organized:<UL>
851
852        <LI>First Regiment Of Dragoons as the 1st Cavalry Regiment,
853        <LI>Second Regiment Of Dragoons as the 2nd Cavalry Regiment,
854        <LI>Regiment Of Mounted Riflemen to the 3rd Cavalry Regiment.
855        <LI>1st Cavalry (1855) to the 4th Cavalry Regiment and
856        <LI>2nd Cavalry (1855) to the 5th Cavalry Regiment.</UL></P>
857
858<P>
859<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
860On 16 October 1865, following the end of the Civil War, the US Army returned
861to Magoffinsville, temporally re-occupied, took quarters at the remains of
862Fort Bliss and attempted to restore it to an operable base of operations.
863<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
864
865<P>
866<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
867<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
868        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-046.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
869        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Cavalry Charges Into Indian Territory</I></TH></TR>
870        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
871</TABLE>
871
872
873<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
874In 1866, soon after the end of the Civil war, Congress initiated action to
875continue expanding the number of cavalry regiments in recognition of the need
876to fulfill the requirement to staff the growing frontier defenses, the 7th,
8778th, 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiment were formed and organized. Among the
878peacetime assignments of the established Cavalry Regiments occurred in the
879Great Plains and the Far West Frontier because of their capabilities in
880mounted mobile services.</P>
881
882<P>
883<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
884The sound of the bugle and the cry of "Charge" sent the thundering hooves of
885the US Cavalry troopers to protect the western bound settlers in an era when
886Indians roamed the western frontier and pioneering settlers clung to their
887land with determination. The 1st, 7th, 8th and 10th Cavalry Regiments, which
888in the future would form the nucleus of the 1st Cavalry Division, clashed with
889the Sioux, Comanche, Arapaho, Apache and the Indian Nations during the Indian
890Wars.</P>
891
892<P>
893<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
894The cavalrymen pursued marauding Indians on horseback, and if the chase ended,
895as it usually did, in a dismounted fight, the cavalrymen were trained for that
896as well. During the years immediately following the Civil War, the Army was
897indispensable to the opening of the Plains area. The numerous discoveries of
898precious metals, the availability of cheap land, and the construction of
899wagon roads and railroads brought more and more settlers to the new west. All
900needed military protection since the Indians resisted the encroachment of
901white society. The many posts established ahead of settlements, and abandoned
902when the frontier had moved beyond them, testify to the fact that the Army
903continuously cleared the way for civilization.</P>
904
905<P>
906<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10">
907On November 1867, following the end of the Civil War and the recognition of
908the need for additional facilities and personnel in the Southwest, orders were
909issued to move to a fourth location and construct a new military facility on
910a hundred acres of property leased from the Concordia Ranch. Magoffsville was
911not vacated until Camp Concordia was completed in March 1868. Camp Concordia
912had three large adobe buildings that straddled three major roads. In addition
913there was six officers' quarters, plus a tree lined parade ground.
914<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
915
916<P>
917<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
918<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-004.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="225"></TH></TR>
919<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>El Paso, Texas - circa 1875 ~ 1880</I></TH></TR>
920</TABLE></P>
921
922<P>
923<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10">
924In March 1869 Camp Concordia was redesignated as Ft. Bliss. Within the decade,
925tough economic times plagued the nation, and the government sought ways to
926reduce military expenditures. In part, even then, base closings were a means
927to save short term money. In January 1877, Ft. Bliss was closed.</P>
928
929<P>
930<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
931From 1866 until 1901 no new cavalry regiments were added to the Regular Army.
932There were, however, some alterations in regimental organization. In the major
933reduction of the Army in 1869/70, the cavalry companies lost a few
934noncommissioned officers, but for six years thereafter the authorized strength
935and organization of the companies were unchanged. In the meantime, campaigns
936against the Indians continued and commanders clamored for more mounted troops.
937At the time, cavalry units still constituted about one-fifth of the entire
938Army, roughly the same ratio as in France and Germany.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
939
940<P ALIGN="CENTER">
941<IMG SRC="1cd_evol.gif" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="90"></P>
942
943<P>
944<FORM NAME="Img_Zoom">
945<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
946<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
947        <TR><TH>
947<!-- CHANGE 300 to your image width, 200 to image height, and "myGrafic" to your image's Name-->
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950                <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Normal " onMousedown="idGrafic(300, 230, 'myGrafic', 'Normal', 6.5)">
951                <!--<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="10">
952                <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Reduce " onMousedown="idGrafic(300, 230, 'myGrafic', 'Reduce', 6.5)" onMouseup="clearZoom()">-->
953                </TH></TR>
954        <TR><TH><DIV STYLE="position:relative; width:300; height:230">
955                <DIV STYLE="position:absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width:300; height:230">
956                <IMG NAME="myGrafic" SRC="i_op-008.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="230" ALT='Position cursor on selected function, "Click" and "Hold".'>
957                </DIV></DIV></TH></TR>
958        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>The Western Frontier Regions</I></TH></TR>
959        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
960</TABLE>
960
961</FORM>
962
963<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
964By 1870 the bulk of the cavalry organizations were in the west. Ninety-two
965companies were stationed among 59 posts within the vast area from the Canadian
966border to the Rio Grande River and from Kansas to California. The Plains
967Indians who had inhabited much of this area traveled and fought on horseback
968with a skill that gained the respect of the US cavalrymen. They had mobility
969and speed, and since these features were characteristic of American cavalry,
970mounted soldiers were a more effective fighting force than infantry in
971employment against them.</P>
972
973<P>
974<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
975The fluid condition of the frontier caused most of the defensive tasks to be
976performed by small units. Usually a company of infantry and one of cavalry
977garrisoned a post, but often a single company constituted the only military
978protection for miles.</P>
979
980<P>
981<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
982In June 1876 the Sioux, when attacked, overcame nearly half (5 companies) of
983the 7th Cavalry at the Little Big Horn. Partly as a result of this
984catastrophe, Congress voted a permanent increase in the mounted force. The new
985law actually cut 5,000 from the total number of enlisted men in the Army as a
986whole, but added 2,500 to the cavalry units employed against the Indians. Each
987company so employed could have 100 enlisted men, provided the total Army
988strength of 25,000, then authorized, was exceeded by no more than 2,500. The
989maximum 100-man cavalry company continued until 1890, but few units reached
990the authorized strength and fewer maintained it.</P>
991
992<P>
993<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
994On New Year's Day, January 1878, with emphasis on a strategic fortification for
995the military protection, a fifth location. for Ft. Bliss was designated and it
996would rise again - like a Phoenix, by renting quarters in downtown El Paso
997which proved to be a poorly thought out plan, as the post needed better
998facilities than rented warehouses.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
999
1000<P>
1001<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
1002<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-037.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="225"></TH></TR>
1003<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas - circa 1885</I></TH></TR>
1004</TABLE>
1004</P>
1005 
1006<P>
1007<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1008A new site for the sixth Ft. Bliss was constructed in 1878 on 135 acres, known
1009by many as Hart's Mill, upstream at the mouth of the Pass of the North, which
1010had been purchased by the War Department. The site was in an excellent
1011location which provided the Army easy access through the mountain passes.
1012<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1013
1014<P>
1015<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
1016<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-005.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="325"></TH></TR>
1017<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Parade Ground, Ft. Bliss, TX. - Hart's Mill Location</I></TH></TR>
1018</TABLE></P>
1019
1020<P>
1021<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1022In 1882 the troops of the ten cavalry regiments were dispersed among 55 posts
1023in the Indian country. The posts having the largest mounted forces were
1024located in the Departments of Missouri and Texas. The 1st and 5th Cavalry were
1025the most widely dispersed, troops of the 1st Cavalry Regiment located 10
1026stations in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and California, and those of
1027the 5th Cavalry Regiment in 7 posts in Wyoming and Nebraska. Improvement in
1028troop distribution came about very slowly. During the late 1880's subjugation
1029of most of the Indians and completion of many miles of railroad made possible
1030the concentration of larger forces at fewer posts.</P>
1031
1032<P>
1033<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10">
1034Meanwhile - at Fort Bliss, the location and growth of the surrounding
1035territories was so good that the railroads exercised their rights of "eminent
1036domain" and laid their rails down through the middle of the parade grounds.
1037The scheduling of drills, marches and ceremonies around the train schedules
1038became too much of a headache. With financial support of the local citizens of
1039Franklin, Texas, the Army purchased a thousand acres of land on the edge of La
1040Noria Mesa, adjacent to the town of El Paso, TX which had experienced vigorous
1041growth. Construction of the, seventh and final, site at La Noria Mesa began in
1042August 1891 and continued over the next two years. The garrison layout
1043centered around a parade ground that was situated along the curve of the mesa.
1044The initial construction featured officers' quarters along the west side of
1045the parade ground and barracks, a mess hall, and a hospital along the east
1046side. Upon completion of construction, the Army abandoned, the Hart's Mill
1047facility in 1893. The La Noria Mesa site remains as the permanent station for
1048Ft. Bliss. </P>
1049
1050<P>
1051<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH=100% ALIGN="CENTER">
1052<TR><TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1053        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-045.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
1054        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Battle Of Wounded Knee Creek</I></TH></TR>
1055        </TABLE></TD>
1056
1057    <TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="RIGHT">
1058        <TR><TH><DIV id="jwplayer" CLASS="JWVideo" STYLE="background: transparent !important;">
1059                <DIV id="player-010"></DIV></DIV>
1060                
1060<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
1061                <!-- Hide the script from other browsers
1062
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1066                    width: 300,
1067                    height:205,
1068                    file: "http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/FLV_Ext/I_OP-Video-010.flv",
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1071                            // 1.0 Link To Viedo Completion Response
1072                            document.location = "http://www.first-team.us/js_files/flv_pgms/response.html?Name=I_OP-Video-010&Title=Battle Of Wounded Knee Creek";
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1078</TH></TR>
1079                <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Battle Of Wounded Knee Creek</I></TH></TR>
1080        </TABLE></TD></TR>
1081</TABLE><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1082
1083<P>
1084<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1085The Battle of Wounded Knee (29 December, 1890), subduing the Sioux in
1086southwestern South Dakota, was the last Indian engagement of any significance
1087to fall in the category of warfare; later incidents were more in the realm of
1088civil actions. The Army could now concentrate its forces at the larger and
1089more permanent posts and relinquish numerous smaller installations that had
1090outgrown their usefulness.</P>
1091
1092<P>
1093<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1094The specifics of the actions at Wounded Knee (Drexel Mission) have been 
1095examined in detail by many representing all sides (Department of Army,
1096Department of Interior and the National Congress of American Indians) of the
1097issues which brought about military action. It is difficult to say that the
1098actions for all of the issues were vindicated or even validated. In 1999, the
1099Chief of Military History indicated:<UL>
1100
1101        <LI>"We have extensively reviewed the events of the Pine Ridge
1102            campaign and we believe that Pine Ridge is appropriately
1103            characterized as a campaign. Records also affirm that the Medals
1104            of Honor received by 23 soldiers who participated in the campaign
1105            were deserved, and that Wounded Knee was an isolated and
1106            unintended incident."
1107
1108        <LI>"There are several criteria considered when characterizing a
1109            military operation as a campaign. The number of forces involved,
1110            risk to combatants, geographic scope, a series of operations,
1111            strategic purpose, and noteworthy accomplishment are but a few of
1112            these."
1113
1114        <LI>"The Pine Ridge Campaign utilized 5 cavalry regiments (1st, 6th,
1115            7th, 8th, 9th and 10th) out of the 10 total active regiments and 9
1116            infantry regiments (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 17th,
1117            20th, 22nd and 25th along with the 1st and 2nd Artillery) out of
1118            the 25 total active regiments - or 37% of the existing combat
1119            units of the Army."</UL></P>
1120
1121<P>
1122<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1123However, with great losses in lives at Wounded Knee Creek, the next few years
1124(on the plains) were comparatively peaceful - which was the objective of the
1125original plan set forth for the Wounded Knee Mission. The abatement of the
1126Indian threat brought about the first reduction in cavalry strength since the
1127Civil War.</P>
1128
1129<P>
1130<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1131The nineteenth century was drawing to a close and the frontier was rapidly
1132disappearing. Territories were being replaced by states, and people,
1133settlements, government, and law were spreading across the land. The buffalo
1134were gone and the Indians were confined to reservations and dependent upon the
1135government for subsistence. An expanded rail system was available to move
1136troops quickly to trouble spots.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1137
1138<P>
1139<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1140<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1141        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-047.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
1142        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Krag-Jorgensen Service Rifles</I></TH></TR>
1143        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1144</TABLE>
1144
1145
1146<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1147The years following the Indian Wars saw some improvements in the mounted arm.
1148There were new drill regulations and the Army adopted a new shoulder arm - the
1149Krag-Jorgensen repeating bolt action rifle. Manufactured as both a carbine
1150and a rifle, the Krag-Jorgensen  was a .30-caliber magazine weapon. It had a
1151muzzle velocity of about 2,000 feet per second, and it used a cartridge
1152containing smokeless powder. The new weapon was not in full supply by 1898
1153when the United States intervened in the trouble between Spain and her island
1154possessions in the Spanish American War, but there were enough carbines to
1155equip the Regular Cavalry and one regiment of Volunteers.</P>
1156
1157<P>
1158<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1159Despite minor improvements, the US cavalry of 1898 was not prepared for war.
1160Enlisted cavalrymen numbered fewer than 6,000, and they were as scattered as
1161at the opening of the Civil War, mainly through the western part of the
1162country, though part of the 3rd Cavalry was at Fort Ethan Allen,
1163Vermont, and part of the 6th Cavalry was at Fort Myer, Virginia. Most of the
1164troopers were garrisoning posts in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, and
1165other western states. Again they were called in from great distances, some
1166arriving on their mounts and others coming by rail.<LBR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1167
1168<P>
1169<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1170On 25 April, 1898, the United States declared war on Spain following the
1171sinking of the USS Maine anchored in Havana Harbor. This event, resulted from
1172the intervention of the United States in the ongoing Cuban War of
1173Independence. Ongoing United States naval attacks on Pacific possessions of
1174Spain, beginning in Manila Bay 01 May, led to involvement in the Philippine
1175Revolution and ultimately to the Philippine - American War. Although the main
1176issue was Independence for Cuba, the ten week war was fought in the Caribbean
1177and the Pacific. Cavalry regiments engaged in conflicts occurring in:<UL>
1178
1179        <LI>Cuba - 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 10th US Cavalry.
1180
1181        <LI>Puerto Rico - 2nd, 5th and 6th US Cavalry.
1182
1183        <LI>Philippine -  4th US Cavalry. (Arriving too late to actively
1184            participate in combat.)</UL></P>
1185
1186<P>
1187<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1188Except for their wide dispersion, the Regular cavalry regiments of 1898 were
1189in no worse condition than was the rest of the Army at the time. There were
1190only 27,000 enlisted men in the entire Army and therefore the Army had to be
1191strengthened. For the Regular cavalry, an act of 26 April 1898 authorized the
1192reactivation of 2 troops in each regiment- some of the reactivated troops had
1193been inactive since 1890.</P>
1194
1195<P>
1196<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1197Soon after the turn of the century, Ft. Bliss became the focus of activity to
1198clear the Mexican border of marauders, cattle rustlers and thieves who took
1199shelter in northern Mexico between raids. The United States involvement in the
1200Mexican Revolution (1910 - 1917) was varied. The United States relationship
1201with Mexico has often been turbulent. For both economic and political reasons,
1202the American government generally supported those who occupied the seats of
1203power, whether they held that power legitimately or not.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1204
1205<P>
1206<FORM NAME="Img_Zoom">
1207<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1208<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1209        <TR><TH>
1209<!-- CHANGE 300 to your image width, 210 to image height, and "MyMexico" to your image's Name-->
1210                <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Expand " onMousedown="idGrafic(300, 210, 'MyMexico', 'Expand', 5500/300)" onMouseup="clearZoom()">
1211                <IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="10">
1212                <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Normal " onMousedown="idGrafic(300, 210, 'MyMexico', 'Normal', 5500/300)">
1213                <!--<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="10">
1214                <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE=" Reduce " onMousedown="idGrafic(300, 210, 'MyMexico', 'Reduce', 5500/300)" onMouseup="clearZoom()">-->
1215                </TH></TR>
1216        <TR><TH><DIV STYLE="position:relative; width:300; height:210">
1217                <DIV STYLE="position:absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width:300; height:210">
1218                <IMG NAME="MyMexico" SRC="i_op-042.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="210" ALT='Position cursor on selected function, "Click" and "Hold".'>
1219                </DIV></DIV></TH></TR>
1220        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1,944.70 Mile US-Mexico Border</I></TH></TR>
1221        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1222</TABLE>
1222
1223
1224<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1225In 1910/11 internal political conditions resulted in the overthrow of the
1226Mexican Government and caused the United States to concentrate most of its
1227Army strength in the southwest. Thus, for a while necessity solved the problem
1228of a badly scattered Army. On 07 March 1911, the Army ordered 20,000 troops
1229(approximately 33% of its authorized strength) of the Regular Army and
1230National Guard to the US - Mexican border areas to provide security. While
1231most of the cavalry patrolled the border from Fort Brown, Texas (the mouth of
1232the Rio Grande) to  Fort Lockett (San Diego), California, other units in the
1233area were organized into one division and two independent brigades for closer
1234control. One cavalry regiment, the 3rd, formed the core of the division, and
1235the 9th and 10th Cavalry plus a signal company made up the independent cavalry
1236brigade.</P>
1237
1238<P>
1239<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1240In 1911 and 1912, the 12 troop regiment was temporarily reorganized into one
1241of six troops by consolidating two troops into one. It was supposed that
1242this action would result in a more compact unit and bring all men within the
1243sound of the colonel's voice. Employment of cavalry versus cavalry in mounted
1244action was contemplated. Experimental drill regulations prescribed double rank
1245formations, as was the European custom, and field regulations stressed more
1246mounted action. Horsemanship, improvement of mounts, and proficiency in the
1247use of the saber were emphasized. At the same time, it was clearly stated that
1248cavalry's efficiency with the rifle and in fighting dismounted must not be
1249miunimized.
1250
1251<P>
1252<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1253In 1912, in response to several Congressional proposals to reduce the cavalry
1254from fifteen to ten regiments, the Chief of Staff opposed any reduction,
1255pointing out that the small amount of cavalry in the Organized Militia made it
1256most essential that the fifteen Regular mounted regiments "be maintained and
1257maintained at the highest degree of efficiency." At the same time, the Chief
1258of Staff called attention to the damaging effects upon regiments that resulted
1259from detaching troops to police the National Parks.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1260
1261<P>
1262<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1263<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1264        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-006.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
1265        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Pershing House, Ft. Bliss</I></TH></TR>
1266        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1267</TABLE>
1267
1268
1269<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1270Prior to the inauguration of Woodrow Wilson in 1913, the US military focused
1271mainly on just warning the Mexican military that decisive action from the US
1272military would take place if lives and property of North Americans living in
1273the country were endangered. In 1913, when Woodrow Wilson became President, he
1274denounced the new revolutionary government in Mexico and refused to recognize
1275it as the legitimate government. As a result of his position, violence toward
1276Americans intensified and there were incidents of murder, robbery, kidnapping
1277for ransom and property destruction.</P>
1278
1279<P>
1280<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1281In January 1914, General "Blackjack" John Pershing arrived to take command of
1282Ft. Bliss and the 8th Army Brigade that he had brought from the Presidio near
1283San Francisco, California. At the time, the Mexican Revolution was underway in
1284Mexico. To provide better protection to the settlers in the area, the 8th Army
1285Brigade was assigned to patrol and guard the border between Serria Blanco,
1286Texas and Columbus, New Mexico.</P>
1287
1288<P>
1289<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1290On 26 August 1914, Pershing hosted Mexican Constitutionalist Generals Pancho
1291Villa and Alvaro Obregon. They met on a Rio Grande bridge, after which
1292Pershing escorted his guests to a review at Fort Bliss, then to socialize at
1293his home. A well-known photo of Obregon, Villa and Pershing was taken while
1294they were on the bridge at Nogales, AZ. Behind Pershing and to his left stands
12951st Lt. George S. Patton, Jr. who served as one of Pershing's aides. A second
1296officer, standing behind Patton, has been identified as 1st Lt. James Collins,
1297aide-de-camp (personal assistant) to Pershing. He went on to become a Major
1298General. His youngest son, Michael, became an astronaut. Michael Collins
1299piloted the Apollo 11 command module during the first moon landing on 20 July,
13001969.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1301
1302<P>
1303<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
1304<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-007.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600 HEIGHT="400"></TH></TR>
1305<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Generals Alvaro Obregon, Pancho Villa and John S. Pershing</I><BR>
1306            Background Right: <I>1st Lt. George S. Patton, Jr., 8th Cavalry
1307            Regiment</I></TH></TR>
1308</TABLE>
1308<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1309
1310<P>
1311<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1312In October 1914, experimental cavalry service regulations (based upon the
1313experimental drill regulations) were issued to all cavalry regiments and were
1314given an "extensive try out" in the border service of 1915 and 1916. Reports
1315from cavalry commanders showed that 90 percent of the commanders preferred the
1316old statutory organization of troop, squadron, and regiment employed in single
1317rank.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1318
1319<P>
1320<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1321The Mexican Revolution played an important part in defining the role of
1322history at Ft, Bliss. A major event that marked its influence was the
1323undertaking of the Mexican revolutionary leader,Francisco "Pancho" Villa in
1324his attack on Columbus, New Mexico, on 09 March 1916. It drew nationwide
1325attention to the border area and propelled Ft. Bliss to the forefront as an
1326important military post.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1327
1328<P>
1329<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH=100% ALIGN="CENTER">
1330<TR><TH><TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1331        <TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1332                <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-049.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
1333                <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Columbus, NM Under Attack</I></TH></TR>
1334                </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1335        </TABLE></TH>
1336
1337    <TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="RIGHT">
1338        <TR><TH><DIV id="jwplayer" CLASS="JWVideo" STYLE="background: transparent !important;">
1339                <DIV id="player-007"></DIV></DIV>
1340                
1340<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
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1358</TH></TR>
1359        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Pancho Villa And The Southern Border</I></TH></TR>
1360        </TABLE></TH></TR>
1361</TABLE><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1362
1363<P>
1364<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1365On the night of 08 March 1916, border events came to a head when Mexican
1366bandits made a surprise attack on Columbus, New Mexico. As a result, US
1367soldiers crossed the border for the ostensible purpose of capturing the
1368bandit leader, Francisco (Pancho) Villa. The Punitive Expedition into Mexico
1369was principally a horse cavalry action, the last such in American history.
1370<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1371
1372<P>
1373<FORM NAME="Img_Zoom">
1374<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
1375<TR><TH><!-- CHANGE 300 to your image width, 230 to image height, and "myRoute" to your image's Name-->
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1381                </TH></TR>
1382<TR><TH><DIV STYLE="position:relative; width:430; height:180">
1383        <DIV STYLE="position:absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width:430; height:180">
1384        <IMG NAME="myRoute" SRC="punitive.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="430" HEIGHT="180" ALT='Position cursor on selected function, "Click" and "Hold".'>
1385        </DIV></DIV></TH></TR>
1386<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Punitive Expedition Battles - 26 Nov 1915 to 27 Feb 1920</I></TH></TR>
1387</TABLE>
1387
1388</FORM><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1389
1390<P>
1391<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1392On 14 March 1916, Pershing led an expedition into Mexico to capture Pancho
1393Villa. Pershing organized and commanded the Mexican Punitive Expedition, a
1394combined armed force of 10,000 men that routed the revolutionaries of Pancho
1395Villa severely wounding the bandit himself. Advanced elements of the
1396expedition penetrated as far as Parral, some 400 miles south of the border,
1397but Villa was never captured. The campaign consisted primarily of dozens of
1398minor skirmishes with small bands of insurgents. There were even clashes with
1399Mexican Army units; the most serious was on 21 June 1916 at Carrizal, where a
1400detachment of the 10th Cavalry was nearly destroyed.</P>
1401
1402<P>
1403<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1404The American troops were operating in the domain of Pancho Villa where many
1405of the peasants held pro-Villa sympathies. The Mexican government officers
1406likewise questioned the right of Americans to be there. Even though American
1407officers carried and distributed a proclamation by Mexican Secretary of War,
1408Obregon, extending a vague permission to operate in Mexico, almost no Mexican
1409official believed the expedition to have any legitimate right to be
1410maneuvering through their territory.</P>
1411
1412<P>
1413<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1414In many respects the service performed by the troopers in Mexico was
1415comparable to that they experienced in tracking down the elusive Indians in
1416the years following the Civil War. The hardships they endured were increased
1417by the lack of co-operation on the part of the Mexican Government and the
1418natives. Conflicting information as to the direction the bandits took after
1419their forays more often than not sent the Americans on long circuitous routes,
1420thus delaying their arrival at strategic points and giving the bandits plenty
1421of time to escape. The rough, irregular terrain and the varied climate of
1422Mexico added many discomforts.</P>
1423
1424<P>
1425<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1426Although there had been talk of war on the border for years, no steps had been
1427taken to plan and provide for the handling of supplies for such an expedition.
1428Even so, virtually the entire Regular Army was involved, and most of the
1429National Guard had been Federalized and concentrated on the border before the
1430end of the affair.</P>
1431
1432<P>
1433<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1434On 10 January, 1917, General Funston informed Pershing "that it was the
1435intention of the United States government to withdraw from Mexico at an early
1436date."  Pershing "recommended that the date of the beginning of the movement
1437from  Dublan, Mexico, be not later than 28 January, 1917, the withdrawal to be
1438entirely by marching, and the command to assemble at Palomas, Chihuahua, and
1439march across the border together." The recommendation was approved, and the
1440Punitive Expedition officially ended the afternoon of 05 February, 1917.</P>
1441
1442<P>
1443<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1444Hostilities in Mexico continued well after the Americans left. On 11 March,
14451917, Carranza was officially elected the new President of Mexico but
1446continued to fight off overthrow attempts by Villa and Emiliano Zapata. On 10
1447April, 1919, Carranza had Zapata assassinated. A year later Carranza himself
1448was assassinated after fleeing Mexico City during a rebellion. Pancho Villa
1449met a similar fate on 20 July, 1923. Around the same time, the army disbanded
1450troops stationed along the Mexican border, thus bringing to a close a
1451turbulent period in Mexican-American relations.</P>
1452
1453<P>
1454<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1455Although the expedition failed to capture Villa, it did provide a valuable
1456training experience for the troopers of the 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 12th
1457Cavalry Regiments who took part and later became units of the 1st Cavalry
1458Division. One of the largest military American military operations since the
1459Civil War, it provided lessons to be utilized as the United States inched
1460closer and closer to World War I. Also, it served as an effective projection
1461of American power which aided in halting raids and aggression along the
1462border.</P>
1463
1464<P>
1465<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1466From 1901 to 1916 the size of the Army varied from year to year. In 1901
1467Congress had set the maximum strength at 100,000 and authorized the
1468organization of 5 new cavalry units:<UL>
1469
1470        <LI>11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, founded 1901
1471        <LI>12th Cavalry Regiment, founded 1901 
1472        <LI>13th Cavalry Regiment, founded 1901 
1473        <LI>14th Cavalry Regiment, founded 1901 
1474        <LI>15th Cavalry Regiment, founded 1901 US Army Training and Doctrine
1475            Command unit.</UL></P>
1476
1477<P>
1478<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1479Following these authorized organizations and thereafter until 1916 the actual
1480strength was regulated by annual appropriations. From 1902 to 1911 the Army
1481averaged in excess of 65,000 personnel. Of this amount, the cavalry continued
1482to comprise about one-fifth of the total strength.</P>
1483
1484<P>
1485<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1486On 03 June 1916, the National Defense Act set the peace strength of the
1487Regular Army at 220,000 officers and men and of the National Guard at 450,000.
1488Increases to reach these strengths were to be spread over a period of five
1489years. In units, additions to the Regular Army amounted to 10 regiments of
1490cavalry, 33 of infantry, and 15 of field artillery; 13 battalions of
1491engineers; 93 companies of coast artillery; and a number of signal, medical,
1492and other auxiliary troops.</P>
1493
1494<P>
1495<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1496The regimental organization under the 1916 act remained unchanged, retaining
1497its 12 lettered troops in 3 squadrons, a headquarters troop, a supply troop,
1498and a machine gun troop. Enlisted strength of a line troop was fixed at 70
1499for peace and 105 for war. However the 1916 plan, increasing the strength of
1500the Army, authorized two new cavalry regiments in the first increment.<UL>
1501
1502        <LI>16th Cavalry Regiment, founded 1916 US Army Armor School
1503        <LI>17th Cavalry Regiment, founded 1916.</UL></P> 
1504
1505<P>
1506<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1507To enable the new organizations to become operational as soon as possible,
1508experienced officers and men from existing cavalry regiments were transferred
1509to the new ones, and by mid-July 1916 the 16th and 17th Cavalry were in fair
1510shape. These were the last additions to the cavalry forces until after the
1511declaration of war on Germany.</P>
1512
1513<P>
1514<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1515The act also provided for the organization of brigades and divisions, which
1516previously had not been permanent- that is, they had been organized during an
1517emergency and existed only so long as the specific emergency lasted. Civil War
1518brigades and divisions, for example, were disbanded when the war ended, and
1519new ones created for the War with Spain were not continued after the close of
1520that struggle.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1521
1522<P>
1523<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
1524<TR><TD><IMG SRC="i_op-043.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="650" HEIGHT="360"></TD></TR>
1525<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500">Proposed Cavalry Division Table Of Organization - May, 1916</I></TH></TR>
1526</TABLE></P>
1527
1528<P>
1529<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1530The new plan called for the formation of 2 cavalry and 7 infantry divisions.
1531The cavalry division proposed consisted of a headquarters, 3 brigades (each
1532with 3 cavalry regiments) , a horse field artillery regiment, a mounted
1533engineer battalion, a mounted signal battalion, an aero squadron, and the
1534necessary trains: ammunition, supply, engineer, and sanitary. The remaining 7
1535authorized cavalry regiments were assigned to the 7 infantry divisions, a
1536regiment to each division, to provide a mobile force capable of performing
1537reconnaissance, counter reconnaissance, and security missions for the division.
1538Because of their mobility, the cavalry divisions were free for reconnaissance
1539or other duties that took them considerable distances from the remainder of
1540the Army.</P>
1541
1542<P>
1543<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1544On 02 April, 1917, when President Woodrow Wilson asked for a declaration of
1545war against Germany. it surprised no one. Congress, taking fast action, issued
1546the declaration four days later, When the United States entered World War-I
1547against Germany, the cavalry organization of seventeen regiments in effect was
1548based upon the National Defense Act of 1916. In May 1917 emergency laws called
1549for immediate increase to the full strength authorized by the National Defense
1550Act, and organization of the remaining eight new cavalry regiments, numbered
155118th through the 25th to begin at once.</P>
1552
1553<P>
1554<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1555On 18 May 1917, an act of Congress provided for twenty National Army (or
1556temporary) cavalry regiments, which were designated 301st through 320th.
1557Fifteen of them, the 301st through the 315th, were organized in early 1918 at
1558various National Army camps, but in August of that year they, too, were
1559converted to field artillery. Thirty field artillery regiments, the 44th
1560through the 72nd, and nine trench mortar batteries, the 15th through the 23rd,
1561were organized from them. None of those units served outside the United States
1562and all were demobilized in January-February of 1919. The 316th through the
1563320th Cavalry were not activated during the war years.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1564
1565<P>
1566<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1567<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200" ALIGN="LEFT">
1568        <TR><TH>
1568<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
1569                <!-- Hide the script from other browsers
1570
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1572
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1578
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1580                    <DIV STYLE="WIDTH: 300px; HEIGHT: 200px; MARGIN: auto;">
1581                        <DIV STYLE="float:left"
1582                            onmouseover="zoom_on(event, 300, 200,'i_op-048.jpg');"
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1584                            onmouseout="zoom_off();"
1585                            onclick="zoom_click();">
1586                            <img src="i_op-048.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200" ALT="Strategy Of The Western Front" STYLE="PADDING 0; MARGIN: 0; BORDER: 0" />
1587                        </DIV>
1588                        <DIV STYLE="clear: both;">
1589                        </DIV>
1590                    </DIV>
1591                </DIV></TH></TR>
1592        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Strategy Of The Western Front</I></TH></TR>
1593        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1594</TABLE>
1595
1596<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1597By the time the United States entered World War-I, the machine gun, together
1598with improved artillery, barbed wire, and elaborate field fortifications, had
1599produced a stalemate on the European Western Front. The Allies and the
1600Germans, with their opposing  armies anchored on the sea in the west and on the
1601mountains in the east, repeatedly used waves of infantrymen and heavy
1602artillery barrages in vain efforts to break the deadlock. Their critical need
1603was for mobility and shock action, both traditional roles of horse cavalry,
1604but static trench warfare and the machine gun had made use of the horse
1605impractical.</P>
1606
1607<P>
1608<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1609Since US cavalrymen had been trained to fight dismounted as well as mounted,
1610many of them did see action as foot soldiers. Again, as in earlier wars, many
1611individual awards for gallantry were earned by the dismounted troopers who
1612fought in other arms and services.</P>
1613
1614<P>
1615<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1616Only a very small portion of the US cavalry saw any mounted service in
1617France. In late August 1918, just before the St. Mihiel offensive, a
1618provisional squadron was formed from Troops, "B", "D", "F", and "H" of the 2nd
1619Cavalry. Fourteen officers and 404 enlisted men from those troops with
1620convalescent horses furnished from the veterinary hospital moved to old Camp
1621Jeanne d'Arc, near Neufchateau, for training in mounted action.
1622After about ten days of training, one troop of the Provisional Squadron was
1623detached and marched to Menil-la-Tour, where it reported for courier duty with
1624the 1st, 42nd, and 89th Divisions. The remainder of the squadron reported to
1625the 1st Division on the night of 11 September 1918, and by a few minutes past
1626noon of the next day US cavalrymen, mounted, were at Nonsard, about five miles
1627behind the original front line of the enemy. Sent out on reconnaissance duty
1628beyond their capabilities, the cavalrymen met the enemy in considerable force
1629and were routed.</P>
1630 
1631<P>
1632<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1633After the armistice, Headquarters, Band, and six troops of the 2nd Cavalry
1634acted as an advance guard for the Army movement into Germany, and afterward
1635were stationed along the Rhine with the American Army of Occupation.</P>
1636
1637<P>
1638<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1639Few recognized during World War-I that the means for returning mobility and
1640shock action to combat was already present in a device destined to
1641revolutionize warfare on the ground and in the air. This was the internal
1642combustion engine, which had made possible the development of the tank
1643and eventually would lead to the mechanized forces that were to assume the
1644old roles of horse cavalry and to loosen the grip of the machine gun on the
1645battlefield. With increased firepower and protection, these mechanized forces
1646would, only some twenty years later, become the armor of World War II. When
1647the armored artillery, the armored personnel carrier, the wheeled cargo
1648vehicle, and supporting aviation- all with adequate communications- were
1649added to constitute the combined arms team of the modern armored division,
1650commanders regained the capability of maneuver in most of the land areas of
1651the world.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1652
1653<P>
1654<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1655<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1656        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-044.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
1657        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>World War I Invention, The Tank</I></TH></TR>
1658        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1659</TABLE>
1660
1661<P>
1662<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1663In the early stages of World War I, neither the Allies nor the Germans
1664foresaw the ultimate value of the tank. In late 1914 after observing a small
1665American-made caterpillar tractor in France, an English Officer, recommended
1666to the British Committee of Imperial Defense that caterpillar tractors be
1667armored and armed for use in combat. Although his proposal was not immediately
1668accepted by the committee, it gained strong support of one of its members,
1669Winston S. Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty.</P>
1670
1671<P>
1672<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1673In 1920, the Office of the Chief of Cavalry was established by the National
1674Defense Act. The total personnel authorization for cavalry was set at 950
1675officers and 20,000 enlisted men; its actual strength on 30 June 1920 was 965
1676officers and 15,812 men. In numbers of units, cavalry was little affected by
1677the immediate reduction in the Regular Army at the war's end, since the
1678mounted arm already had been fixed at 17 regiments by the National Defense Act
1679on 03 June 1916,<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1680
1681<P ALIGN="CENTER">
1682<IMG SRC="1cd_toe.gif" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="90"></P>
1683
1684<P>
1685<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1686In addition to the established regiments, squadrons, and troops, the
1687larger units of cavalry divisions and brigades were provided by the 1920 act.
1688Two cavalry divisions, the 1st and the 2nd, were proposed to be added to the
1689Regular Army, the 1st being active and the 2nd inactive. Each division
1690contained two cavalry brigades, and each brigade had two regiments, a machine
1691gun squadron, and a headquarters troop. Other divisional elements were a horse
1692artillery battalion with 75-mm. guns, a mounted engineer battalion, an
1693ambulance company, the division trains, and special troops.</P>
1694
1695<P>
1696<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1697On 04 April 1921 the Army established a permanent Cavalry Division Table of
1698Organization & Equipment. It authorized a Square Division organization of
16997,463 Officers and Men, organized into a Headquarters Element (34); two
1700Separate Cavalry Brigades (2,803 each); an Engineer Battalion (357); a
1701separate Ambulance Company (63); a Field Artillery Battalion (790); a Division
1702Quartermaster Trains Command (276); and a Special Troops Command (337).
1703<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1704
1705<P>
1706<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
1707<TR><TD><IMG SRC="i_op-009.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="400"></TD></TR>
1708</TABLE>
1708</P>
1709
1710<P>
1711<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1712Each Cavalry Brigade was organized into a Headquarters and Headquarters Troop
1713(101); two Cavalry Regiments (1,155 each); and a separate Machine Gun Squadron
1714(392). Each Cavalry Regiment was organized into a Headquarters and
1715Headquarters Troop (121); two Squadrons (428 each); a separate Supply Troop
1716(127); and a Medical and Chaplain Detachment (51). Each Machine Gun Squadron
1717was organized into a Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment (47); three Line
1718Troops (110 each); and a Medical and Chaplain Detachment (15). Each Cavalry
1719Squadron was organized into a Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment (35);
1720and three Line Troops (131 each).</P>
1721
1722<P>
1723<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1724The Field Artillery Battalion was organized into a combined Headquarters and
1725Headquarters Battery and Combat Trains Command (227); three Batteries (161
1726each); and a Medical and Chaplain Detachment (30). The Special Troops Command
1727was organized into a Headquarters Element (11); the Division Headquarters
1728Troop (161); a Signal Troop (78); an Ordnance Maintenance Company (36); a
1729Veterinary Unit (38); and a Medical and Chaplain Detachment (13).</P>
1730
1731<P>
1732<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1733The Division Quartermaster Trains Command was a unitary structure that
1734contained all of the Quartermaster Corps elements of the Division. At this
1735time, all transportation was pack or animal-drawn (horse or mule), except for
173614 automobiles, 28 trucks, and 65 motorcycles that were scattered throughout
1737the various unit headquarters. Without the Trains Command, the 1st Cavalry
1738Division occupied 6.5 miles of road if it moved in a "column of twos".
1739<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1740
1741<P>
1742<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1743<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1744    <TR><TH><DIV id="jwplayer" CLASS="JWVideo" STYLE="background: transparent !important;">
1745        <DIV id="player-006"></DIV></DIV>
1746        
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1764</TH></TR>
1765    <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Preview Of Coming Attractions</I></TH></TR>
1766        </TABLE></TH>
1767    <TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1768</TABLE>
1769
1770<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1771<I>This first set of video clips provides the basis for appreciation of the
1772of the role formalized and continually executed by the 1st Cavalry Division
1773since its organization and activation. From the beginning and throughout all
1774of its history, the 1st Cavalry Division has met the ever changing challenges
1775of the defense needs of the United States. The narratives of this and the
1776continuing Organizational Legacy sections of the 1st Cavalry Division and its
1777assigned, attached and legacy commands and subordinate units describes the
1778historical combat encounters that brought about the evolution of the 1st
1779Cavalry Division's warring capability.</I></P>
1780
1781<P>
1782<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1783Subsequently on 20 August 1921 the 1st Cavalry Regiment, the first unit
1784assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division, was preassigned to the 1st Cavalry
1785Division nearly a month before the formal activation of the Division. On 13
1786September 1921, with the initiation of the National Defense Act, the 1st
1787Cavalry Division was formally activated at Ft. Bliss, Texas and Major General
1788Robert Lee Howze, a Texas native from Rusk County and seasoned veteran of the
1789Frontier Indian Wars, Spanish American War, Philippines Insurrection, Mexican
1790Expedition, World War I and recipient of the Medal of Honor, was selected as
1791its first Division Commander.</P>
1792
1793<P>
1794<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1795Upon activation, the 7th, 8th and 10th Cavalry Regiments were assigned to the
1796new Division. With almost a century of service behind the oldest of its
1797regiments and sixty five years of service for its youngest, the units that had
1798already ridden and fought its way into the pages of history were organized
1799into the newly formed divisional structure. The four regiments were now to
1800fight side by side. Other units initially assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division
1801in 1921 included the 1st and 2nd Machine Gun Squadrons, Weapons Troops, 10th
1802Light Tank Company, 13th Signal Troop, 15th Veterinary Company, 27th Ordnance
1803Company, 43rd Ambulance Company, 82nd Field Artillery Battalion (Horse) and
1804the 1st Cavalry Quartermaster Trains which later was redesignated as the 15th
1805Replacement Company.</P>
1806
1807<P>
1808<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1809Consolidation  of these units into the 1st Cavalry Division and its
1810specialized support functions, along with new tactical equipment training and
1811developments enabled the Division to evolve into the modern, highly trained,
1812mission ready, assault and support force of today. As such, it is well staffed
1813and equipped to execute any on-order mission to deploy by land, sea or air to
1814any part of the world on short notice and at once engage the threat and
1815neutralize, suppress or destroy the enemy.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1816
1817<P>
1818<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
1819<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-010.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="300"></TH></TR>
1820<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Newly Organized 1st Cavalry Division Passes In Review</I></TH></TR>
1821</TABLE>
1821<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1822
1823<P>
1824<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1825The 1st Cavalry Division was assigned to the VIII Corps Area and its Division
1826Headquarters and 2nd Brigade Command along with its units were assigned to Ft.
1827Bliss, Texas. The 1st Brigade Command and its units were assigned to Camp
1828Harry J. Jones in Douglas, AZ. Later, the 5th Cavalry Regiment was assigned on
182918 December 1922, relieving the 10th Cavalry Regiment. It would not be until
183003 January 1933 that the 12th Cavalry Regiment, organized in 1901, would join
1831the 1st Cavalry Division, relieving the 1st Cavalry Regiment.</P>
1832
1833<P>
1834<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1835In early September 1921. the first venture of the 1st Cavalry Division into
1836the aviation environment was in cooperation with the 12th Observation
1837Squadron, one of the oldest Unites States Air Force Squadrons, that operated
1838out of Ft. Bliss. The Air Corps furnished the plane and pilot for observation
1839of artillery fire while the field artillery furnished the observer. Doctrine
1840specified that such observation planes should be attached to corps and from
1841there allotted to Cavalry Units on a mission-by-mission basis as the situation
1842dictated. The coordination process between Cavalry requirements and Squadron
1843fulfillment became a major obstacle in its implementation. The General Staff
1844officers of the Cavalry were often out of touch with the requirements of
1845modern aerial warfare that their chief complaint about air personnel was the
1846disrespectful manner in which flying officers flouted regulations by refusing
1847to wear their cavalry spurs while flying airplanes. The joint venture
1848experiment ended in June 1926.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1849
1850<P>
1851<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
1852<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-029.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="720" HEIGHT="320"></TH></TR>
1853<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>The Line Of March Covered The Harsh Terrain Of The "Big Bend" District</I></TH></TR>
1854</TABLE>
1854<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1855
1856<P>
1857<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1858In the fall of 1923 the 1st Cavalry Division assembled at Camp Marfa, Texas
1859to stage its first divisional-level maneuvers since its organization. The
1860maneuvers were held in the Marfa-Shafter-Alamito area of the Big Bend
1861District, Texas. The line of march was Fabens, Ft. Hancock, Sierra Blanca, Hot
1862Wells, Lobo Flats, and Valentine. The wagon trains, all drawn by four mules
1863(no motorized vehicles yet), seemed endless. Terrain covering an area of 900
1864square miles was obtained through the generosity and public spirit of ranch
1865owners. The enormous tract was mapped and marked by a detachment from the 8th
1866Engineer Battalion.</P>
1867
1868<P>
1869<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1870The actual maneuvers consisted of both one-sided and two-sided problems with
1871brigade against brigade and included the entire division as a whole. The 12th
1872Observation Squadron participated in maneuvers with the Division. The use of
1873aircraft allowed the maneuvers, in every detail, to conform with actual war
1874conditions. <I>(It was during this period, from 1922 to 1923, that Captain
1875Claire Chennault, of later "Flying Tiger" fame, served with the 12t has
1876aviation engineer officer.)</I>  Since this was the first major United States
1877Army training exercise since WW I, the maneuvers were attended by
1878representatives of several foreign governments.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1879
1880<P>
1881<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1882<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
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1885        
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1903</TH></TR>
1904    <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Early Cavalry Maneuvers - Marfa</I></TH></TR>
1905        </TABLE></TH>
1906    <TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1907</TABLE>
1908
1909<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1910<I>This video clip of the 1st Cavalry Division, conducting a day of field
1911maneuver training in 1923, was filmed in the open, rough, desert terrain
1912surrounding Marfa, Texas. This historic document begins with a scene of the
19137th Cavalry Regiment deploying for the attack. As soon as the Regiment
1914establishes its "attack" starting location, and before the exercises started,
1915troopers from the supporting 82nd Field Artillery Battalion drove their
1916mobile "French" 75mm (rapid fire) field artillery pieces to a strategic
1917sighting and fire location.</I></P>
1918
1919<P>
1920<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1921On 02 July 1926, when the Army Air Corps was created by Act of Congress, it
1922began to develop specialized types of aircraft to perform its several
1923functional needs. Although the helicopter (still in its early stages of
1924development) was recognized for its ability to operate out of rough terrain -
1925such as the cavalry operated, it became clear that the fixed wing aircraft
1926was the device to develop for its operations. Various operational needs of the
1927cavalry were studied and the Army began to develop specialized types of
1928aircraft to perform its several functions. For observation - a tandem
1929two-seater, open cockpit biplane was generally used. Rather heavy, it required
1930a hard surface runway or its near equivalent.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1931
1932<P>
1933<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1934<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1935        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-031.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
1936        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1st Aero Squadron In Formation</I></TH></TR>
1937        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
1938</TABLE>
1938
1939
1940<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1941Published results of the exercises of the 1st Cavalry Division attracted the
1942interest of other cavalry organizations, nationally and international, which
1943placed emphasis on the incorporation of additional realism in successive
1944exercises which were planned to be repeated on an annual basis. However,
1945facing the aspects of the dilemma of the Army Organizations between realism and
1946idealism, financial constraints made that objective impossible. Only in 1927,
1947through the generosity of a few ranchers who provided free land, was the
1948Division able to conduct such exercises again.</P>
1949
1950<P>
1951<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1952In 1927 the 1st Cavalry Division carried out the second divisional field
1953maneuvers and readiness testing in the Marfa area. From a Time Magazine
1954article dated Monday, 10 October 1927: "<I>Not since the Civil War had US
1955cavalry engaged in maneuvers on the scale of those conducted last week on 120
1956square miles of terrain in and about Marfa, Texas. Some 280 officers, 4,000
1957men, 3,200 horses and 1,500 mules were deployed over gulches, hillocks and
1958sagebrush plains - the 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (Fort Bliss) playing
1959"Brown" army to the "White" army of the 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division
1960(Fort Bliss) and 1st Cavalry Regiment (Marfa). Tanks, cannon, airplanes, Red
1961Cross ambulances and every appurtenance of real war, right down to hot
1962weather, secrecy and red tape, accompanied the show."</I></P>
1963
1964<P>
1965<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1966Following the maneuvers in October, the Division added the capability of
1967aerial observation by the assignment of the 1st Aero (Observation) Squadron,
1968US Army Air Corps, a unit that had previously been with General Pershing, in
19691916, on the Punitive Expedition into Mexico. The unit, a component squadron
1970of the 9th Observation Group, remained with the Division until the end of its
1971subsequent organizational changes in February 1929. Today, its predecessor
1972unit, the 1st Reconnaissance Squadron, 9th Reconnaissance Wing operates the
1973high altitude SR-71 (YS-12) Reconnaissance Aircraft and continues to play a
1974vital role in the defense of America.</P>
1975
1976<P>
1977<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
1978In 1929 the 1st Cavalry Division carried out its third divisional field
1979maneuvers, reflecting organizational changes that occurred earlier. In 1928
1980the Chief of Cavalry, in an early bid to increase the firepower of the cavalry
1981division while at the same time having to remove personnel, reorganized the
1982four cavalry regiments of the Division. Aside from redistributing the
1983machine guns by giving them to each regiment, he authorized the addition of an
1984Armored Car Squadron.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
1985
1986<P>
1987<FORM NAME="Img_Zoom">
1988<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
1989<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
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1996                </TH></TR>
1997        <TR><TH><DIV STYLE="position:relative; width:200; height:200">
1998                <DIV STYLE="position:absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width:200; height:200">
1999                <IMG NAME="myImage" SRC="i_op-032.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="200" ALT='Position cursor on selected function, "Click" and "Hold".'>
2000                </DIV></DIV></TH></TR>
2001        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Ready For Field Maneuvers</I></TH></TR>
2002        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2003</TABLE>
2003
2004</FORM>
2005
2006<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2007In the 1929 maneuvers, Liberty Trucks were of the World War I vintage in terms
2008of motorized transportation. included the first incorporation of armored cars
2009and anti-tank guns, and the Division revisited the use of "Portee (using
2010trucks and trailers to more speedily transport horses and their supplies)
2011Cavalry". "A" Troop, 1st Armored Car Squadron, participated in the maneuvers.
2012The armor plating was soft and the vehicles were armed with .30 caliber
2013machine guns. The mechanized scouts earned high marks for their ability to
2014conduct delaying operations, but their good mobility was attributed to dry
2015weather and the lack of fences and ditches along the Texas roads that
2016otherwise would have prevented them from gaining any degree of off-road
2017mobility. There was some surprise at the relative "invisibility" of the cars
2018until they moved.</P>
2019
2020<P>
2021<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2022The "Portee Cavalry" concept employed during the tactical exercise were given
2023high marks for strategic mobility, but were valued little for their tactical
2024mobility. During the regimental phase of the maneuvers the platoon conducted
2025reconnaissance ten miles forward of the main body and across a five-mile
2026front. Radio sets mounted in the vehicles allowed them to send reports every
2027two hours. The platoon was generally successful in delaying the opposing force
2028with the tactical use of ambushes and effective long-range machine gun fire.
2029Opposing forces learned to get off the roads and using their own towed
2030anti-tank weapons as a supporting base of fire, maneuvered to the flanks of
2031the armored cars.</P>
2032
2033<P>
2034<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2035For the next fifteen years, units of the Division, remained stationed at the
2036home base of Ft. Bliss with elements occasionally temporally based at Camp
2037Marfa and Ft. Clark, all located in Texas. The early missions of the Division
2038were comprised of rough riding, patrolling the Mexican border, and constant
2039training. Operating from horseback, the cavalry was the only viable force
2040capable of piercing the harsh terrain of the desert to halt the band of
2041smugglers that operated along the desolate Mexican border.</P>
2042
2043<P>
2044<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2045The history of Fort Bliss up to World War II essentially paralleled that of
2046the 1st Cavalry Division.  But in a larger sense, the fortunes of the post
2047reflected the interplay of three factors. 1st and most important), the
2048revolution and resultant instability in Mexico determined the degree to which
2049the southern border needed protection. 2nd) the interwar years were
2050characterized by severe budget restrictions of the Army, a situation that did
2051not begin to improve until the military buildup of the late 1930s. 3rd and
2052last), the role of the horse cavalry as a combat arm in modem warfare
2053continued to decline.</P>
2054
2055<P>
2056<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2057By the mid-1930s even the most diehard cavalrymen at Fort Bliss could not have
2058been overly optimistic about the future of the cavalry. But the 1st Cavalry
2059Division was determined not to go out of existence with a whimper. In spite of
2060the lack of ample funding and the limited availability of new equipment,
2061priorities were placed on readiness preparation and evaluations by conducting
2062extensive field maneuvers. To this end, the large expanse of land in the
2063Marfa-Shafter-Alamito area of the Big Bend District, south of Ft. Bliss, was
2064used to stage its many divisional-level maneuvers.<BR CLEAR"ALL"></P>
2065
2066<P>
2067<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2068<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2069        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-011.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2070        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Maneuvers near Toyahvale, Texas</I></TH></TR>
2071        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2072</TABLE>
2072
2073
2074<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2075During the fall of 1937, the 1st Cavalry Division, along with other troops
2076stationed at Ft. Bliss engaged in the Provisional Infantry Division (PID)
2077Tests at Ft. Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, Texas. The PID Tests developed the
2078partially motorized triangular division that was employed in World War II.
2079Following the completion of the tests, the Division returned to Ft. Bliss for
2080a brief period to rehabilitate the horses. In the early spring of 1938, the
2081Division moved out again and, against the background of growing international
2082tensions, began its fourth divisional maneuvers staged in the mountainous and
2083desert areas near Balmorhea and Toyahvale, Texas. In these maneuvers, the 1st
2084Cavalry Division conducted tests and evaluated the many organizational
2085recommendations for a Provisional Cavalry Division made by the Modernization
2086Board.</P>
2087
2088<P>
2089<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
209001 September 1939, the starting date for the fifth divisional readiness
2091maneuvers of the 1st Cavalry Division, coincided with the invasion of Poland
2092by Germany who used the most modern and deadly military force of its time, the
2093blitzkrieg. Against the background of the invasion of Poland, the Division
2094conducted their maneuvers from 07 to 30 October 1939, not stopping for the
2095turn of events, in the barren desert terrain around Balmorhea and Toyahvale.
2096TX. These exercises, made even more memorable and intense by their timing,
2097were observed by many international military personnel who would be soon
2098involved in a world conflict.</P>
2099
2100<P>
2101<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2102On the eve of the United States' entry into World War II, the authorized
2103strength of the 1st Cavalry Division was now 10,110. By 1940 the 1st Cavalry
2104Division had constructed the Logan Heights Cantonment area (temporary living
2105accommodations) for four National Guard Units (20,000 troops) and had made
2106significant improvements in the facilities at Biggs Airfield, the Ft. Bliss
2107air terminal. Additional training and preparation for involvement in the
2108anticipated World War was carried out at the national level by the 1st Cavalry
2109Division by their participation in the first 3rd Army maneuvers held in the
2110summer of 1940 at Camp Polk, Louisiana. By Executive Order No 8594, issued on
211116 November, 1940, the 56th Cavalry Brigade of the Texas National Guard was
2112federalized and integrated into the 1st Cavalry Division for intensive field
2113training.<BR CLEAR=ALL"></P>
2114
2115<P>
2116<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2117<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2118        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-023.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2119        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Ft Bliss and Logan Heights - 1940</I></TH></TR>
2120        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2121</TABLE>
2121
2122
2123<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2124Early in 1941, the Division consolidated all its subordinate units on Fort
2125Bliss. The 12th Cavalry Regiment arrived from Camps Ringgold and Brown, and
2126the border patrols that had so long been a critical mission were discontinued
2127after Mexico declared war on Germany. In 1941 the Texas National Guard Unit
2128was replaced by the 1st Cavalry Brigade, previously stationed at Harry J.
2129Jones in Douglas, AZ. As America was poised to enter World War II, only two
2130active cavalry posts remained - Fort Riley, a cavalry post by tradition and
2131Fort Bliss, the last to have a strategic cavalry mission.</P>
2132
2133<P>    
2134<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2135In 1941, the 1st Cavalry Division then staffed to approximately seventy
2136percent of their authorized strength, began planning for participation in the
2137second 3rd Army field readiness maneuvers that were to be held in the vicinity
2138of Leesville, Louisiana. The maneuvers would become a severe test for the men,
2139their equipments and horses. For the initial movement of the 1st Cavalry
2140Division, railroad cars were assembled from all over west Texas at El Paso,
2141Texas. In anticipation of extended marches over gravel roads in rural
2142Louisiana, each horse was provided with a spare set of shoes. Material and
2143horses were shipped by rail while the men and their personal gear were
2144transported by motor convoy to the maneuver areas.</P>
2145
2146<P>    
2147<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2148From 10 August to 04 October 1941, the 1st Cavalry Division participated in
2149the second 3rd Army field readiness maneuvers that were held in the vicinity
2150of Leesville, Louisiana. The Division covered approximately 900 miles in the
2151maneuver area in the 60 day period. The "Blue" and the "Red" Armies that were
2152selected for this set of LOUISIANA MANEUVERS were the finest and best equipped
2153this country could then field. They represented a small part of the US Army
2154Military Establishment of about a quarter million, in total, who would soon
2155form the strong backbone of a mighty army in excess of thirteen million under
2156arms, so called today as "The Greatest Generation,<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2157
2158<P>
2159<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2160<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
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2162        <DIV id="player-002"></DIV></DIV>
2163        
2163<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
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2181</TH></TR>
2182    <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>The Beginning Of A Training Day</I></TH></TR>
2183        </TABLE></TH>
2184    <TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2185</TABLE>
2186
2187<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2188<I>This second video of the 1st Cavalry Division preparing for a day of field
2189maneuver training was filmed in 1942 at Fort Bliss, Texas. This historic
2190document begins with the troopers leaving the stable barns carrying their
2191saddles, saddle blankets and saddle bags. The troopers prepared for a long,
2192strenuous, training day starting with tending their horses in the stable yards
2193and carefully saddling them and adjusting equipment straps. Mounted, they
2194assemble in an orderly formation of a column of twos. As they move toward the
2195assembly area of the parade grounds, the street background scenes provide a
2196brief look and the barracks and base housing with trees and mountains in the
2197horizon.</P>
2198
2199<P>
2200<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2201Assembling on the parade grounds, the mounted troops move out toward the
2202surrounding training areas of open desert terrain, closely followed by the
2203training supply, support vehicles and weapon carriers that will also
2204competitively participate in the field  exercises. Passing by buildings and
2205the landmark water tower of Fort Bliss, the rough and rugged terrain of the
2206forever present Franklin Mountains are seen in the background.</I>
2207<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2208
2209<P>
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2232</TH></TR>
2233    <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Field Maneuver Training Exercises</I></TH></TR>
2234        </TABLE></TH>
2235    <TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2236</TABLE>
2237
2238<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2239<I>This third video of the 1st Cavalry Division conducting field manuever
2240training exercises is a continuation of the video clip above, was filmed in
2241the desert training grounds surrounding Fort Bliss, Texas. This historic
2242document begins with the troopers traversing the sagebrush laden, rugged, open
2243desert in a penetrating, galloping "group charge". Note that several of the
2244mounted troops are also leading, alongside, a pack mule that carries support
2245equipment and ammunition. This training exercise also included the integration
2246of jeeps, scout cars and weapons carriers in order to evaluate their ability
2247to maneuver rapidly over and through the rough desert terrain as well as the
2248mounted cavalry units.</I></P>
2249
2250<P>
2251<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2252Although the Division was anxious for immediate combat, its first wartime
2253mission was to continue border surveillance as a component of the Southern
2254Land Frontier and the Southern Defense Command. They patiently served on
2255border patrol and participated in the third 3rd Army LOUISIANA MANEUVERS which
2256were held near Mansfield, Louisiana from 04 August to 19 September, 1942.</P>
2257
2258<P>
2259<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2260Although the Louisiana maneuvers provided invaluable data on modernizing the
2261Regular Army, the nation was actually more vulnerable when the maneuvers ended
2262than it had been before they started. Even as the Army's two improvised Corps
2263sparred along the Calcasieu River, across the Atlantic ten German panzer
2264divisions spearheaded a stunning assault that shattered the French Army and
2265drove the British expeditionary force out of the continent.</P>
2266
2267<P>
2268<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2269However, even with the advantages of terrain mobility, the deployment of the
2270cavalry divisions proved to be a thorny problem. The cavalry units remained
2271unpopular with theater commanders because their horses and equipment required
2272shipping space and logistic support far more than that of other units. As a
2273result, the need for units in the Southwest Pacific led General McArthur to
2274accept the 1st Cavalry Division on the condition that they be dismounted.</P>
2275
2276<P>
2277<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2278<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2279        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-012.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2280        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>New Addition - Cavalry Scout Cars</I></TH></TR>
2281        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2282</TABLE>
2282
2283
2284<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10">
2285The period following the LOUISIANA MANEUVERS became an extension of field
2286exercises and unit testing which continued throughout the winter as rumors of
2287deployment possibilities circulated around the post. In February 1943 the
2288entire 1st Cavalry Division was alerted for an overseas assignment and it
2289began the historic transition to an Augmented Leg Infantry Division. In a
2290compressed schedule, the Division trained the troopers in a mobile environment
2291while beginning staging for movement to the Southwest Pacific theater as
2292infantry foot solders with the support of mechanized vehicles; tanks, armored
2293cars, trucks and scout cars.</P>
2294
2295<P>
2296<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2297In February 1943, the entire 1st Cavalry Division was alerted for an overseas
2298assignment. The 1st Cavalry Division was then converted with equipment as an
2299Augmented Leg Infantry Division. In the meantime, the troopers continued to
2300feed and water their horses until the Quartermaster assumed control of them.
2301Many of the proud cavalrymen would rather turn their stripes, bars, or stars
2302than trade in their saddles for a seat in any vehicle to become "cushion
2303pounders".<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2304
2305<P>
2306<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
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2353</TH></TR>
2354<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1st Cavalry Division Dismount Ceremony, Ft. Bliss, Texas</I></TH></TR>
2355</TABLE></P>
2356
2357<P>
2358<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2359<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2360        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-025.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2361        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I1>Legacy of the Cavalry</I></TH></TR>
2362        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2363</TABLE>
2364
2365<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2366On 28 February, each of the Mounted Regiments, 5th, 7th, 8th and 12th Cavalry
2367held a dismount ceremony before they were stripped of their horses and with
2368mixed emotions, began the process of turning in horses, saddles, and bridles.
2369Rather than return the horses to the remount stations, the majority of them
2370were auctioned, at bargain prices, to owners of the large ranches around the
2371El Paso area. For many years following the end of WWII - many of the cavalry
2372horses, identifiable by the Preston Brand (on the left shoulder), were still
2373serving out their duty to the ranchers.</P>
2374
2375<P>
2376<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2377In June the overseas deployment from Ft. Bliss, Texas to Camp Stoneman,
2378California was made in two echelons. The first body, elements of the 5th and
23797th Cavalry Regiments, and the 8th Engineer Combat Squadron would be followed
2380by the remaining units of the main body of the Division. At the time of
2381deployment. no one would have ever thought that it would be twenty-eight years
2382before the Dvision would return to the United States. During the long
2383departure of the 1st Cavalry Division, it was deployed for engagement in the
2384following campaigns:<UL>
2385
2386        <LI>WW-II South PacificCampaigns 1943 - 1945
2387
2388        <LI>Occupation Of Japan 1945 - 1950
2389
2390        <LI>Korean War 1950 - 1951
2391
2392        <LI>Return To Japan 1951 - 1957
2393
2394        <LI>Demilitarized Zone - Korea 1957 - 1965
2395
2396        <LI>Ft. Benning, GA - Airmobile 1965
2397
2398        <LI>Vietnam 1965 - 1972</UL></P>
2399
2400<P>
2401<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT"> 
2402On 26 March 1971, the First Team struck their "colors" at a Stand Down
2403Ceremony at Bein Hoa marking their departure of the 1st Cavalry Division from
2404Vietnam. With the simple but brief ceremony highlighted by the 1st Cavalry
2405Division Band and the bright colors, their tour of duty came to a close. After
2406sixty-six months "in country" and continuously in combat, the First Team and
2407left the 3rd Brigade (Separate) to carry on. The new home base of the 1st
2408Cavalry Division was designated to be located at Ft. Hood, Texas, not Ft.
2409Bliss, Texas, their organizational home base.</P>
2410
2411<P>
2412<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2413Ft. Hood, Texas had begun its own long history beginning on 15 January 1942,
2414when the War Department announced that a camp, to be a permanent station of
2415the Tank Destroyer and Firing Center, would be built in the vicinity of
2416Killeen, Texas. Orders were issued for the Real Estate Branch of the Engineer
2417Corps to acquire 10,800 acres of land northwest of Killeen. On 17 February
24181942, the Army announced that the camp would be named Camp Hood in honor of
2419General John Bell Hood, the "Fighting General" of the famous "Texas Brigade"
2420of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, who was later Commanding General
2421of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.</P>
2422
2423<P>
2424<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2425On 05 May 1971, the colors of the 1st Cavalry Division, minus those of the 3rd
2426Brigade (Separate), were moved from Vietnam to Ft. Hood, Texas and were passed
2427to the commander of the former 1st Armored Division, Major General James C.
2428Smith. After twenty-seven years of outstanding dedicated service, hardships
2429and service overseas, the major organizational units of the 1st Cavalry
2430Division were relocated back in the state of Texas where it had been organized
2431a half century before.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2432
2433<P>
2434<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH=100% ALIGN="CENTER">
2435<TR><TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" AL
2435IGN="LEFT">
2436        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-013.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2437        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>TRICAP Ceremony - 05 May, 1971</I></TH></TR>
2438        </TABLE></TD>
2439    <TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="RIGHT">
2440        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-014.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2441        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Division Headquarters - 1971</I></TH></TR>
2442        </TABLE></TD></TR>
2443</TABLE><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2444
2445<P>
2446<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2447In mid June 1972, the stand-down ceremony for the 3rd Brigade (Separate) was
2448held in Bein Hoa, Vietnam and their colors were returned to the United States.
2449The last trooper left from Tan Son Nhut on 26 June, completing the Division
2450recall which had started on 05 May 1971. With the 3rd Brigade completing its
2451withdrawal, the 1st Cavalry had become the first US Army Division to go to
2452Vietnam and the last to leave.</P>
2453
2454<P>
2455<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2456On 21 February 1975, with the conclusion of the TRICAP test evaluations, the
24571st Cavalry Division was once again reorganized, becoming the newest armored
2458division in the Army. In the organizational structure of "armor", the Division
2459was deployed overseas for four major Operations; the Persian Gulf War,
2460Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM 1990 - 1991; the United Nations
2461Bosnia peacekeeping mission, Operation JOINT FORGE 1998 - 1999; the Southwest
2462Asia for preparation and participation in the invasion of Iraq, Operation
2463ENDURING FREEDOM 2003 and the occupation of Iraq, Operation IRAQI FREEDOM II
24642004 - 2005. Following each of these deployments, changes in the tactical
2465organizations and supporting equipments of the Division were made to improve
2466its mission performance ability.</P>
2467
2468<P>
2469<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2470A second interval of fourty years (18 October 2005) passed before a 1st
2471Cavalry Division unit was stationed at Ft. Bliss, Texas. In tyhis time period
2472the Division was deployed for engagement in the following campaigns:<UL>
2473
2474        <LI>Persain Gulf War - 1990 - 1991
2475
2476        <LI>Desert Peacekeeping 1992 - 2000
2477
2478        <LI>Bosnia Peacekeeping 1998 - 1999
2479
2480        <LI>Enduring Freedom 2001
2481
2482        <LI>Iraqi Freedom I 2003
2483
2484        <LI>Iraqi Transion 2003 - 2005
2485
2486        <LI>Iraqi Freedom II 2003 - 2005</UL><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>       
2487
2488<P>
2489<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2490<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2491        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-024.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2492        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1st Cavalry Division Returns To Bliss</I></TH></TR>
2493        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2494</TABLE>
2494
2495
2496<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2497Upon its return from Operation IRAQI FREEDOM II in 2005, the 1st Cavalry
2498Division was reorganized and aligned into the new Modular Force of the Army
2499structure. With limited expansion areas for forces at Ft. Hood, Texas an
2500element of the Division - <I>the 4th Brigade Combat Team</I> was organized and
2501activated in a ceremony at Noel Field, Ft. Bliss, Texas on 18 November 2005,
2502celebrating the return of the Division to western Texas sixty-two years after
2503its overseas deployment to the Pacific Theater in World War II. A major reason
2504for enabling the remote relocation of the Brigade is that the structure and
2505organizational capability of the new brigades allows them to be deployed as a
2506single, self sustaining, combat unit that replicates the war-fighting
2507capabilities of the Division on a somewhat smaller scale.</P>
2508
2509<P>
2510<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2511In celebration, the Horse Cavalry Detachment of the 1st Cavalry Division, with
2512sabers raised high and pistols blazing in a traditional charge, concluded the
2513ceremony with a reenactment of the famous "Cavalry Charge" across the field
2514that was named in 1928 after Lt. Paul A. Noel, 1st Armored Cavalry Troop, 82nd
2515Field Artillery Battalion, a famed polo player, who learned his skill as a
2516horseman while in the 1st Cavalry Division. <I>The cavalry had come home
2517!!</I> The 4th Brigade Combat Team remained remotely located at Ft. Bliss
2518until 2008 when it returned from its second deployment to Iraq and was
2519reunited with the Division at Ft. Hood, Texas.</P>
2520
2521<P>
2522<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2523On 07 July 2006, in anticipation of redeployment to Iraq for Operation IRAQI
2524FREEDOM IV, the 15th Support Brigade Sustainment Brigade (SB) and their
2525Special Troops Battalion (STB) cased their colors in a ceremony at the parade
2526grounds of Coopers Field, Ft. Hood, Texas. Their departure, on 29 July, marked
2527the start of the scheduled return of the Division to Iraq over the coming
2528months which culminated on 15 November, when the 1st Cavalry Division took the
2529reigns for the Multi-National Division in a Transfer Of Authority Ceremony at
2530Camp Liberty in Baghdad, Iraq. In order to accommodate the accelerated
2531build-up of troops in Iraq ("the surge"), the deployment of Operation IRAQI
2532FREEDOM IV, which was originally planned to be for one year, was extended to a
2533total of 15 months in the combat zone. During the deployment, with an influx
2534of the Division's resources on the ground patrolling the streets, bomb attacks
2535decreased 73 percent as well as the number of explosive devices identified and
2536detected before they could detonate and cause causalities.</P>
2537
2538<P>
2539<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2540On Wednesday, 27 February 2008, having completed their Transfer Of Authority
2541for operations in northern Iraq to the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, returned
2542to Ft. Bliss and refreshed from their block leaves, thousands of the 4th
2543Combat Brigade Team, 1st Cavalry Division Troops marched through the downtown
2544streets of El Paso, Texas. in a "Welcome Home Heroes Parade".
2545<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2546
2547<P>
2548<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
2549<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-015.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="400"></TH></TR>
2550<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>4th Brigade Combat Team Marches Through Downtown El Paso</I></TH></TR>
2551</TABLE>
2551</P>
2552
2553<P>
2554<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2555The majority of the operations of the 4th Combat Brigade were in northwestern
2556Nineveh Province of Iraq. However, some of the soldiers served in the Iraq
2557capital city of Baghdad. They had deployed to Iraq in November 2006 and after
255814 months, the last soldiers returned the day before Christmas, 2007.</P>
2559
2560<P>
2561<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2562Capitalizing on the "Lessons Learned" from the most recent deployment in Iraq,
2563several constitutional changes were studied, considered and implemented in the
2564retraining processes of each unit in order to be more prepared and ready when
2565called for their next deployment. In an accelerated effort all of the changes
2566were incorporated by mid year and on 23 June 2008, approximately 200 Soldiers
2567of the advance staging party, 4th "Long Knife" Brigade Combat Team, 1st
2568Cavalry Division arrived at Tallil Airbase, Iraq to begin their 15-month
2569deployment in support of Operation IRAQ - VI (Rotation 08-10).</P> 
2570
2571<P>
2572<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2573On 01 May 2009, the 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, the last Brigade of the 1st
2574Cavalry Division closed out its deployment departure schedule in support of
2575Operation IRAQ - VI (Rotation 08-10).</P>
2576
2577<P>
2578<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2579However it was not long before Ft. Hood began to be repopulated with returning
25801st Cavalry members as soon as 04 May, the "Torch Party" of almost 30 from the
25815th Battalion, 82nd Field Artillery, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry
2582Division, began their rotation of return deployments as they came back to
2583hundreds of cheering family members, fellow Soldiers and other guests at
2584Cameron Field, located near the 4th ID Headquarters.</P>
2585
2586<P>
2587<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
25880n 13 January 2010, the 1st Cavalry Division closed out its responsibilities
2589of Operation IRAQ - VI (Rotation 08-10), formally "Multi-National Division
2590Forces - West and Baghdad" by executing a Transfer Of Authority to the
2591commander of the incoming division (now designated as "USD - Center") of
2592control, the 1st Armored Division. The next day, 14 January, the flight of the
2593trail party of the 1st Cavalry Division Headquarters Soldiers arrived at Ft.
2594Hood, Texas and as they gathered at the homecoming ceremony at Coopers Field
2595to greet their family and friends, the Colors of the 1st Cavalry Division were
2596uncased, signifying the return of the Division from the combat operations of
2597Operation IRAQ - VI (Rotation 08-10).<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2598
2599<P>
2600<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
2601<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-016.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="240"></TH></TR>
2602<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1st Cavalry Division Uncases Its Colors On A Rainy And Cold Evening</I></TH></TR>
2603</TABLE>
2603</P>
2604
2605<P>
2606<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2607On 17 March, the advanced party of the 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, the last
2608organizational unit of the 1st Cavalry Division scheduled to leave  
2609IRAQ - VI (Rotation 08-10), began its return to Ft. Hood as 150 soldiers were
2610welcomed back from Iraq at Cooper Field. Soldiers from across the Brigade made
2611up the advance party that will prepare for the arrival of the rest of the
2612Brigade in April.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2613
2614<P>
2615<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
261601 September, 2010 marked the official end to Operation IRAQI FREEDOM and
2617combat operations by United States forces in Iraq. The transition to Operation
2618NEW DAWN. During Operation NEW DAWN, the remaining 50,000 US service members
2619serving in Iraq will conduct stability operations, focusing on advising,
2620assisting and training Iraqi Security Forces (ISF). Operation NEW DAWN,
2621a compromise of the Republican and Democrat Parties to vacate the Iraqi
2622operation by mid 2010, also represents a shift from a predominantly military
2623US presence to one that is predominantly civilian, as the Departments of
2624Defense and State work together with governmental and non-governmental
2625agencies to help build Iraq s civil capacity.</P>
2626
2627<P>
2628<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH=100% ALIGN="CENTER">
2629<TR><TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2630        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-017.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2631        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>"Long Knives" Stand In Formation</I></TH></TR>
2632        </TABLE></TD>
2633    <TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="RIGHT">
2634        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-018.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2635        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>4th Brigade Cases Its Colors</I></TH></TR>
2636        </TABLE></TD></TR>
2637</TABLE>
2637<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2638 
2639<P>
2640<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2641Also on 01 September, in a symbolic ceremony that took place for the 4th
2642Combat Team - 1st Calvary Division held their colors casing ceremony at Ft.
2643Hood for the beginning of an historic mission that will start as they deploy
2644this month in support of Operation NEW DAWN. The 4th Brigade will be the first
2645unit of the 1st Cavalry Division to leave specifically in support of the new
2646mission.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2647
2648<P>
2649<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
2650<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-019.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2651<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1st Cavalry TOA In Afghanistan</I></TH></TR>
2652</TABLE></P>
2653
2654<P>
2655<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2656On 19 May, 2011, in continuing to expand its role in the mid-eastern theater
2657of operations, the 1st Cavalry Division unfurled the unit's new colors in a
2658transfer of authority ceremony with the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)
2659on Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. During a pivotal time in the war on terror
2660and in Afghanistan s history, The command authority of the Regional Command
2661East shifted from Combined Joint Task Force-101 to CJTF-1.</P>
2662
2663<P>
2664<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2665The new mission of the 1st Cavalry Division takes the control of eight US,
2666French and Polish task forces and 14 provinces that, combined, provide safety
2667and security in an area populated by approximately 7.5 million Afghans. The
2668Area of Command consists of 43,000 square miles and shares 450 miles of border
2669with Pakistan.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2670
2671<P>
2672<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH=100% ALIGN="CENTER">
2673<TR><TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2674        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-020.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2675        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Long Knives Begin Iraq Return</I></TH></TR>
2676        </TABLE></TD>
2677    <TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="RIGHT">
2678        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-021.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2679        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>2nd Echelon Of 4th Brigade Returns</I></TH></TR>
2680        </TABLE></TD></TR>
2681</TABLE>
2681<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2682
2683<P>
2684<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2685(Upper Left) On 17 August, in the first flight of 4th Brigade, 1st Cavalry
2686Division, more than 150 soldiers arrived at Robert Gray Army Airfield,
2687signaling the conclusion of their year long deployment to Iraq. These
2688soldiers, an advance party of troopers from units across the Brigade, were
2689home to help the rear detachment prepare for the return of their peers. After
2690greetings, some paperwork and checking in weapons, they were welcomed home in
2691a ceremony held at Cooper Field.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2692
2693<P>
2694<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2695(Upper Right) On 25 August, more that 200 Soldiers from the 4th Brigade, 1st
2696Cavalry Division arrived at the Robert Gray Army Airfield at Ft. Hood after a
2697year long deployment to Iraq. The Squadron was stationed in  Mosul, working
2698with the Iraqi army at the Al Ghuzlani Training Center. The flight marked the
2699second battalion within the Brigade to uncase its colors and return home.</P>
2700
2701<P>
2702<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2703On 06 September, Soldiers, mostly from the 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry Regiment
2704were greeted with a hug from Elizabeth Laird, Ft. Hood's Hug Lady, and checked
2705in their weapons. From there, soldiers were bused to Cooper Field, where family
2706and friends awaited them. During a colorful ceremony, the 4th Advise and
2707Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division uncased its colors. The uncasing ceremony
2708marked the official stateside return of the 4th AAB, 1st Cavalry Division,
2709"Long Knife" Brigade after a year long deployment to Iraq in support of
2710Operation New Dawn.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2711
2712<P>
2713<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
2714<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-022.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2715<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Back In Loving Hands</I></TH></TR>
2716</TABLE>
2716</P>
2717
2718<P>
2719<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2720On 29 October, a flight from Kuwait brought home 55 soldiers, in what is known
2721as the advanced party, from the various battalions in the 3rd (Greywolf)
2722Brigade. Approximately another 1,200 will follow in the coming week, and the
2723entire Brigade is estimated to be back by the end of the year. This group is
2724the first personnel from three brigades that the 1st Cavalry Division will
2725bring home early from Iraq, alongside several other units across Ft. Hood. In
2726total, about 12,000 Ft. Hood soldiers will be returning home over the next two
2727and a half months.</P>
2728
2729<P>
2730<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2731On 02 November, just shy of a year-long deployment in Iraq, the "Warhorse"
2732Soldiers with the 3rd Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division
2733made their final stop at Ft, Hood and rightfully saying "mission complete."
2734The excitement and anticipation could be felt all over Cooper Field as
2735families reunited with one another after months of waiting.</P>
2736
2737<P>
2738<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2739Although the deployment of "Warhorse" Soldiers may have been long, it ended
2740with the Iraqi forces patrolling their own streets. Halfway through the unit's
2741deployment, they had to begin considering plans for the year-end draw-down. As
2742the Iraqi forces conducted more of their own operations, the Warhorse Soldiers
2743and command were allowed to concentrate more on redeploying. While this group
2744of Warhorse Soldiers begin their reintegration process at home, the command
2745will continue to work on bringing everyone else home before the beginning of
2746the new year.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2747
2748<P>
2749<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
2750<TR><TH><IMG SRC="11-11-11.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="100"></TH></TR>
2751<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>11 November - Veterans' Day</I></TH></TR>
2752</TABLE>
2752</P>
2753
2754<P>
2755<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
275611 November marks the anniversary of the end of World War I hostilities of the
2757Allied Nations and Germany. They signed the terms of armistice at the 11th
2758hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918. The anniversary date is also,
2759by Congressional action, the day that we give thanks, respect and honor to all
2760veterans for their service to the United States of America.
2761<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2762
2763<P>
2764<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
2765<TR><TH><DIV id="player-011" CLASS="JWVideo" STYLE="background: transparent !important;">
2766    <DIV id="player-011"></DIV></DIV>
2767    
2767<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
2768    <!-- Hide the script from other browsers
2769
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2771        flashplayer: "http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/Play_Ext/JWplayer/player.swf",
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2783
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2785</TH></TR>
2786<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>We Honor Our Military Forces</I></TH></TR>
2787</TABLE></P>
2788
2789
2790<P>
2791<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2792On 27 November, the 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 1st
2793Cavalry Division returned from its fourth deployment to Iraq and uncased its
2794colors on Cooper Field. The battalion deployed in May to northern Iraq,
2795knowing they could be one of the last units to leave the country and that the
2796mission could change.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2797
2798<P>
2799<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2800<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2801        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-028.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2802        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>A Date "which will live in infamy,"</I></TH></TR>
2803        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2804</TABLE>
2805
2806
2807<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
280807 December, 2012 marks the 71st anniversary of the date "which will live in
2809infamy." There was a moment of silence in Hawaii (and in other locations) at
28107:55 AM to remember the 2,390 Americans who died when Japan attacked Pearl
2811Harbor. While Americans have remembered this day with solemn tributes since
28121941, Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day became an official national day of
2813remembrance in 1994.</P>
2814
2815<P>
2816<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2817It was 7:55 AM local time when the attack began - a strike that would push
2818America into World War II. As explosions sounded and battleships burned, brave
2819service members fought back fiercely with everything they could find. Unknown
2820among these selfless individuals, the sacrifices endured on that infamous day
2821would galvanize America and come to symbolize the mettle of a generation.
2822Taken by surprise, the base was bombarded for two hours, leaving more than
28232,000 Americans dead, eight battleships destroyed and the course of American
2824and world history changed forever.</P>
2825
2826<P>
2827<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2828In response to this hostile action, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed
2829the Congress and delivered his <I>"a day which will live in infamy"</I> war
2830message. The following day, Congress declared war on Japan and the United
2831States entered World War II. In the wake of the bombing of Pearl Harbor and
2832the crippling of our Pacific Fleet, there were those who declared the United
2833States had been reduced to a third-class power. But rather than break the
2834spirit of our Nation, the attack brought Americans together and fortified our
2835resolve. Patriots across our country answered the call to defend our way of
2836life at home and abroad. They crossed oceans and stormed beaches, freeing
2837millions from the grip of tyranny and proving that our military is the
2838greatest force for liberty and security the world has ever known.
2839<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2840
2841<P>
2842<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2843<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2844        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-030.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="160" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
2845        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>2nd BCT Uncases Colors</I></TH></TR>
2846        </TABLE></TH><TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2847</TABLE>
2847
2848
2849<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2850On 15 December, exactly eight months to the day they cased their colors,
2851Soldiers with the 2nd "Black Jack" Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division
2852assembled again on Cooper Field and uncased their colors, marking one of the
2853last units to leave Iraq in support of Operation New Dawn and allowing
2854Soldiers to be home just in time for the holidays. The Brigade had operated
2855primarily in the Northern Iraqi Joint Operations area.</P>
2856
2857<P>
2858<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2859The morning homecoming and ceremony on Cooper Field marked the return of the
2860Brigade from its fourth and final deployment to Iraq and its return to a
2861brigade combat team from an advise and assist brigade. Being home for the
2862holidays came as a surprise to the Black Jack Soldiers. They didn't know until
2863a couple of weeks ago that they would be back before the Christmas holiday,
2864and they were very fortunate everything worked out just right.</P>
2865
2866<P>
2867<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2868Many Black Jack Soldiers agreed that being one of the last units to leave
2869their footprint in Iraq made their numerous deployment rotations, loss of
2870comrades and countless holidays away from loved ones well worth it.<P>
2871
2872<H3 ALIGN="CENTER">
2873<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP">
2874Last Unit to Leave Iraq, the 3rd Brigade, Returns to Ft. Hood. - December 2011
2875<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP"></H3>
2876
2877<P>
2878<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2879On 21 December, the 3rd Brigade Special Troops Battalion, the last Army unit
2880to leave Iraq last Saturday night, had been stationed at Contingency Operating
2881Base Adder, which was the last base to close. Now in white buses, the 3rd
2882Brigade Soldiers, were being driven the route from Robert Gray Army Airfield
2883to Cooper Field in an atmosphere of excitement coupled with exhaustion that
2884filled the vehicles. Completing the trip in about 20 minutes, the white buses
2885turned onto Battalion Avenue and soldiers stared silently out the windows at
2886the cheering crowds - their voices muffled by the windows and the engines of
2887the buses.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
2888
2889<P>
2890<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2891<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
2892    <TR><TH><DIV id="jwplayer" CLASS="JWVideo" STYLE="background: transparent !important;">
2893        <DIV id="player-004"></DIV></DIV>
2894        
2894<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
2895        <!-- Hide the script from other browsers
2896
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2912</TH></TR>
2913    <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>3rd Brigade At Khabari-Crossing</I></TH></TR>
2914        </TABLE></TH>
2915    <TH>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TH></TR>
2916</TABLE>
2917
2918<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2919<I>This is a video of the last convoy of heavily armored personnel carriers,
2920known as Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAPs) vehicles, of the 3rd Advise
2921and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division. They had left the staging base at
2922Camp Adder in  southern Iraq in Sunday's early hours. No formal "exit
2923ceremony" was given as they slipped out under cover of darkness and strict
2924secrecy to prevent any final attacks. The 500 soldiers didn't even tell their
2925Iraqi comrades on the base they were leaving.</P>
2926
2927<P>
2928The film clip begins as they were preparing to leave Iraq and enter Camp
2929Virginia, Kuwait through the Khabari-Crossing that has been the gateway for
2930the passage of troops, equipment, and supplies, between Iraq and Kuwait during
2931Operation Iraqi Freedom as well as Operation New Dawn.</P>
2932
2933<P>
2934<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2935The movement of the 3rd Brigade, as the last unit to redeploy out of Iraq,
2936symbolizes the closing of a mission spanning nearly a decade. This last unit
2937to pass through the Khabari-Crossing played an essential role in Iraq since
2938the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq in 2003. The Gray Wolf Brigade
2939was there at the beginning of the mission and now, as Operation New Dawn ends,
2940they will be a part of history in the making -  and, in their legacy, will see
2941the mission to the very end.</I></P>
2942
2943<P>
2944<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2945Before "charging" to their loved ones, the Special Troops Battalion and 3rd
2946Brigade uncased their colors, officially marking their return to Ft. Hood. As
2947the soldiers marched onto Cooper Field, family and friends cheered and waved
2948homemade banners, one even offering a marriage proposal.</P>
2949
2950<P>
2951<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2952Near the end of the deployment, Greywolf was responsible for securing a 220
2953miles stretch of the International Highway, which ran north to south and was
2954traveled by other units leaving Iraq through Kuwait. The biggest challenge of
2955the mission hit within the last 60 days. Tough decisions had to be made while
2956balancing risk and force protection with continuing the mission.</P>
2957
2958<P>
2959<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2960Even though Greywolf will be remembered as the last brigade to leave, no
2961matter when or where in Iraq a soldier deployed over the last eight and a half
2962years, they are proud of their contribution.</P>
2963
2964<H3 ALIGN="CENTER">
2965<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP">
2966Advanced Party "Hq & Hq Bn" Return from Afghanistan. - February 2012
2967<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP"></H3>
2968
2969<P>
2970<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2971On 24 February a small group (approximately 55) of advanced party members of
2972Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division, dressed in the
2973darker Army combat uniforms made for Afghanistan symbolizing "the promise of
2974greater things to come" following the "first, historic deployment of the 1st
2975Cavalry Division to Afghanistan." In its mission, the 1st Cavalry Division
2976has the lead position in guiding the coalition forces and civilian entities
2977that compose Combined Joint Task Force-1 in the country's Regional
2978Command-East, headquartered at Bagram Airbase.</P>
2979
2980<P>
2981<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2982More troops are expected at the end of March, with most expected home in
2983April. The soldiers who arrived Friday left shortly before a rash of riots
2984erupted across the country in response to the inadvertent burning of Qurans at
2985the airbase Monday evening. The Public Affairs director for the regional
2986command, indicated that "all remaining 1st Cavalry Division soldiers "are safe
2987and indeed accounted for in Eastern Afghanistan." Afghan security forces are
2988providing security outside Bagram's gates and talking to local leaders to
2989maintain a calm environment.<BR CLEAR-"ALL"></P>
2990
2991<P>
2992<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" AL
2992IGN="CENTER">
2993<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-033.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="370"></TH></TR>
2994<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1st Cavalry Division Begins Return From Afghanistan</I></TH></TR>
2995</TABLE></P>
2996
2997<P>
2998<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
2999On 06 April, a second group of advance party Soldiers from the 1st Cavalry
3000Division arrived home after a yearlong deployment in Afghanistan with the
3001mission of supporting Operation Enduring Freedom XII. While deployed, the
3002First Team was in charge of Regional Command - East and the 31,000 Coalition
3003Forces Soldiers within it.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
3004
3005<P>
3006<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH=100% ALIGN="CENTER">
3007<TR><TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
3008        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-034.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
3009        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Preparing Division Colors For Casing</I></TH></TR>
3010        </TABLE></TD>
3011
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3015                
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3033                </SCRIPT>
3033</TH></TR>
3034                <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>Transfer Of Authority In Afghanistan</I></TH></TR>
3035        </TABLE></TH></TR>
3036</TABLE><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
3037
3038<P>
3039<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3040On 19 April, the Headquarters Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division transferred the
3041Authority for the Afghanistan Regional Command - East to the 1st Infantry
3042Division in a ceremony at Bagram Airfield which closed out an eventful
3043deployment for the Headquarters Battalion, 1st Calvary Division, which is
3044heading back to Fort Hood, Texas soon. For the last year, the unit has
3045overseen day-to-day operations in eastern Afghanistan, a highly complex
3046region of 14 provinces that included the capital Kabul as well 450 miles of
3047border with Pakistan.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
3048
3049<P>
3050<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH=100% ALIGN="CENTER">
3051<TR><TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="LEFT">
3052        <TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-035.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200"></TH></TR>
3053        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1CD Uncasing The Division Colors</I></TH></TR>
3054        </TABLE></TD>
3055
3056    <TD><TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="RIGHT">
3057        <TR><TH><DIV id="jwplayer" CLASS="JWVideo" STYLE="background: transparent !important;">
3058                <DIV id="player-009"></DIV></DIV>
3059                
3059<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
3060                <!-- Hide the script from other browsers
3061
3062                jwplayer("player-009").setup( {
3063                    flashplayer: "http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/Play_Ext/JWplayer/player.swf",
3064                    image: "http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/Prologue/marquee.gif",
3065                    width: 300,
3066                    height:205,
3067                    file: "http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/FLV_Ext/I_OP-Video-009.flv",
3068                    events:{
3069                        onComplete: function() {
3070                            // 1.0 Link To Viedo Completion Response
3071                            document.location = "http://www.first-team.us/js_files/flv_pgms/response.html?Name=I_OP-Video-009&Title=1CD Return and Uncasing The Colors";
3072                        }
3073                    }
3074                } );  
3075
3076                // Stop hiding script from other browsers -->
3077                </SCRIPT>
3077</TH></TR>
3078                <TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1CD Return and Uncasing The Colors<I></TH></TR>
3079        </TABLE></TH></TR>
3080</TABLE><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
3081
3082<P>
3083<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3084On 20 April, a significant homecoming took place at Fort Hood as the colors of
3085the 1st Cavalry Division returned home amid a few brewing storm clouds and
3086some drizzle, allowing the symbolic uncasing of the colors of the Division.
3087Since 2003, soldiers from the 1st Cavalry have been deployed to western Asia
3088five times.</P>
3089
3090<P>
3091<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3092The return of the 1st Cavalry Command Staff, 30 members strong, may be have
3093been small in number, but the emotional family reunions made for a big day.
3094The main body of the 1st Cavalry started the returned to Fort Hood last week.
3095There are still a few more soldiers from the Division waiting to come home as
3096the Air Calvary is still in Afghanistan and preparing for their Transfer of
3097Authority and redeployment home along with and the 1st Brigade remaining in
3098Kuwait. The entire Division should be back at Ft. Hood by the end of summer
3099allowing them to reconstitute personnel and modernize equipment and start the
3100next leg of their long, classified (at this time) journey.<BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
3101
3102<H3 ALIGN="CENTER">
3103<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP">
3104Advanced Party 1st Air Cavalry Brigade Returns From Iraq. - May17 2012
3105<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP"></H3>
3106
3107<P>
3108<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
3109<TR><TH><IMG SRC="i_op-036.jpg" BORDER="0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="370"></TH></TR>
3110<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1st Air Cavalry Begins Begin Return From Iraq</I></TH></TR>
3111</TABLE>
3111</P>
3112
3113<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3114On 17 May, after being gone for a year, the first group of Soldiers of the 1st
3115Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division came home to a sunny Fort Hood
3116evening, as 150 soldiers were welcomed back from Iraq at Cooper Field.
3117Soldiers from 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division were welcomed home
3118by American flag wielding Families and friends at Cooper Field.</P>
3119
3120<P>
3121<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3122The Brigade replaced the 4th Infantry Division's Combat Aviation Brigade on 02
3123June 2011 at Camp Taji, Iraq. It was the second time the Fort Hood-based units
3124exchanged places at Camp Taji. Soldiers from across the brigade made up the
3125advance party that will prepare for the rest of the brigade's arrival starting
3126in mid-April. It will take about two weeks to bring all of the brigade back
3127from Iraq.</P>
3128
3129<HR>
3130
3131<P>                            
3132<TABLE BGCOLOR="000000" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" Width="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
3133<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="000000" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
3134        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="000000"><FONT COLOR="FFD500" SIZE="4"> &nbsp; &nbsp; Continuing To Build On Their Heritage, America's First Team Moves On! &nbsp; &nbsp; </FONT></TH></TR>
3135        </TABLE></TH></TR>
3136<TR><TH>
3136<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
3137        <!-- Hide the script from other browsers
3138        // Calculate Image Dimensions for full screen width presentation
3139
3140        var pageMargin = 10;                            // L & R margin space = 10px
3141        var borderWidth = 5;                            // Table border width = 5px
3142        var borderRidge = 1;                            // Border edge offset = 1px
3143
3144        if(typeof(window.innerWidth) == 'number') {
3145                // Non-IE
3146                tableWidth = window.innerWidth;
3147        } else if(document.documentElement && document.documentElement.clientWidth) {
3148                // IE 6+ in 'standards compliant mode'
3149                tableWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth;
3150        } else if(document.body && document.body.clientWidth) {
3151                // IE 4 compatible
3152                tableWidth = document.body.clientWidth;
3153        }
3154
3155        var imageWidth = (tableWidth - 2*(pageMargin + borderWidth + borderRidge));
3156        imageHeight = Math.round(0.1*imageWidth);       // Height = 10% of imageWidth
3157 
3158        document.write('<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0" WIDTH='+ imageWidth +' HEIGHT='+ imageHeight +' id="http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/SWF_Ext/I_OP-Video-001.swf" ALIGN="">');
3159            document.write('<PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/SWF_Ext/I_OP-Video-001.swf">');
3160            document.write('<PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high>');
3161            document.write('<PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#000000>');
3162            document.write('<EMBED src="http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/SWF_Ext/I_OP-Video-001.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#000000 WIDTH='+ imageWidth +' HEIGHT='+ imageHeight +' NAME="http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/SWF_Ext/I_OP-Video-001.swf" ALIGN="" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED>');
3163        document.write('</OBJECT>');
3164        
3165        // Stop hiding script from other browsers -->
3166        </SCRIPT>
3166</TH></TR>
3167<TR><TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="000000" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
3168        <TR><TH BGCOLOR="000000"><FONT COLOR="FFD500" SIZE="4">&nbsp; &nbsp; Our Future Evolves From Our Heritage &nbsp; &nbsp; </FONT></TH></TR>
3169        </TABLE></TH></TR>
3170</TABLE></P>
3171
3172<P>
3173<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3174<I>The following video, taken at Camp Liberty and surrounding areas of Iraq,
3175briefly summaries the present role of the 1st Cavalry Division. Scenes include
3176the 1st Cavalry Division Color Guard marching with the Colors as well as a
3177montage of Troopers in recent actions and a film clip of Major Bruce P.
3178Crandall, A-229th Assault Helicopter Battalion, receiving the Congressional
3179Medal Of Honor from President Bush while the Division Band plays the "Star
3180Spangled Banner" in the background,</I><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
3181
3182<P>
3183<TABLE BGCOLOR="EEEDDD" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
3184<TR><TH><DIV id="player-005" CLASS="JWVideo" STYLE="background: transparent !important;">
3185    <DIV id="player-005"></DIV></DIV>
3186    
3186<SCRIPT Language="JavaScript">
3187    <!-- Hide the script from other browsers
3188
3189    jwplayer("player-005").setup( {
3190        flashplayer: "http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/Play_Ext/JWplayer/player.swf",
3191        image: "http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/Prologue/marquee.gif",
3192        width: 300,
3193        height:205,
3194        file:  "http://www.first-team.us/AV_Media/FLV_Ext/I_OP-Video-005.flv",
3195        events:{
3196            onComplete: function() {
3197                // 1.0 Link To Viedo Completion Response
3198                document.location = "http://www.first-team.us/js_files/flv_pgms/response.html?Name=I_OP-Video-005&Title=1st Cavalry Division Honor Guard";
3199            }
3200        }
3201    } );
3202
3203    // Stop hiding script from other browsers -->
3204    </SCRIPT>
3204</TH></TR>
3205<TR><TH BGCOLOR="FFD500"><I>1st Cavalry Division Honor Guard</I></TH></TR>
3206</TABLE></P>
3207
3208<HR>
3209
3210<H3 ALIGN="CENTER">
3211<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP">
3212Mission of the Cavalry OutPost
3213<IMG SRC="star_1.gif" WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="TOP"></H3>
3214
3215<P>
3216<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3217The charter mission of the Cavalry OutPost &#169; was, and still is, to search
3218continuously, conduct reconnaissance and document the activities of the past
3219and current elements of the 1st Cavalry Division and its future generations of
3220units that will follow. The subsequent sections of the OutPost WebSite starts
3221with the early days of the horse soldier regiments whose initial mission was
3222to protect the western movement of people and trade along the Northwest Oregon
3223and Southwest Santa Fe Trails and railroads and continues to the present day
3224organization and its worldwide operations.</P>
3225
3226<P>
3227<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3228Your are invited to enter the Cavalry OutPost to review a tableaux of the
3229history and operational accomplishments of the 1st Cavalry Division, also
3230know as "The First Team". To enter, just click on the OutPost image below.</P>
3231
3232<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE="4">
3233                <A HREF="http://www.first-team.us/tableaux/">
3234                OutPost &#169; - Dakota Territory, circa 1832<BR>
3235
3236<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
3237<TR><TH><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="CENTER">
3238        <TR><TH><A HREF="http://www.first-team.us/tableaux/">
3239                <FONT SIZE="4"><I> &nbsp; "Click To Open" &nbsp; </FONT></I></A></TH></TR>
3240
3241        <TR><TH><A HREF="http://www.first-team.us/tableaux/">
3242                <IMG SRC="blu_rght.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="96" HEIGHT="24">
3243                </A></TH></TR>
3244
3245        <TR><TH><A HREF="http://www.first-team.us/tableaux/">
3246                <FONT SIZE="4"><I> &nbsp; Outpost Entrance &nbsp; </FONT></I></A></TH></TR>
3247        </TABLE></TH>
3248
3249    <TH><TABLE BGCOLOR="FFD500" BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER">
3250        <TR><TH STYLE="background-image: url(outpost-fort.gif); background-position: 50% 20%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">
3251                <A HREF="http://www.first-team.us/tableaux/">
3252                <IMG SRC="opengate.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="225"></A></TH></TR>
3253        </TABLE></TH>
3254
3255    <TH>
3255<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" VAILGN="CENTER">
3256        <TR><TH><A HREF="http://www.first-team.us/tableaux/">
3257                <FONT SIZE="4"><I> &nbsp; "Click To Open" &nbsp; </I></FONT></A></TH></TR>
3258
3259        <TR><TH><A HREF="http://www.first-team.us/tableaux/">
3260                <IMG SRC="blu_left.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="96" HEIGHT="24">
3261                </A></TH></TR>
3262
3263        <TR><TH><A HREF="http://www.first-team.us/tableaux/">
3264                <FONT SIZE="4"><I> &nbsp; Outpost Entrance &nbsp; </FONT></I></A></TH></TR>
3265        </TABLE></TH></TR>
3266</TABLE>
3267                        Painted by Frederick Behman<BR>
3268                                of the<BR>
3269                        Chouteau Fur Trading Company</A></FONT><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
3270
3271
3272<!--[if IE]>
3273<P>
3274<TABLE BORDER="5" BORDERCOLORDARK="000000" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="FFD500" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="5" ALIGN="CENTER">
3275<TR><TH ROWSPAN="2"><IMG SRC="bookmark.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="75" HEIGHT="75"></TH>
3276    <TH COLSPAN="2"> Cavalry OutPost Bookmark &#169; </TH>
3277    <TH ROWSPAN="2"><IMG SRC="bookmark.gif" BORDER="0" WIDTH="75" HEIGHT="75"></TH></TR>
3278<TR><TH><SPAN STYLE="cursor: hand"
3279         onClick="this.style.behavior='url(#default#homepage)';this.setHomePage(location.href);"><FONT SIZE="2"> Set To <BR> My HomePage </FONT></SPAN></TH>
3280    <TH><SPAN STYLE="cursor: hand"
3281         onclick="window.external.AddFavorite(location.href, document.title);"><FONT SIZE="2"> Add To <BR> My Favorites </FONT></SPAN></TH></TR>
3282</TABLE>
3282</P>
3283<![endif]-->
3284
3285<HR>
3286
3287<P>
3288<CENTER>
3289<IMG SRC="1cdmotto.gif" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="90"></P>
3290
3291<HR>
3292
3293<P>
3294<IMG SRC="cmh_coin.gif" WIDTH="96" HEIGHT="96" HSPACE="3" VSPACE="3"
3295ALIGN="LEFT">
3296<IMG SRC="cmh_coin.gif" WIDTH="96" HEIGHT="96" HSPACE="3" VSPACE="3"
3297ALIGN="RIGHT">
3298<IMG SRC="tracker.gif" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="90" HSPACE="3" VSPACE="3"></P>
3299
3300<P ALIGN="LEFT">
3301The Cavalry OutPost &#169;, located on the far frontier of the Internet is,
3302perhaps, one of the most popular garrisons visited by former troopers,
3303scholars, historians and the casual surfer. Recognized by the US Army Center
3304of Military History as providing a service for First Team Troopers and their
3305families around the world by helping current and former members to stay in
3306touch and remember their proud service with such a distinguished organization.
3307</P>
3308
3309<IMG SRC="tabspace.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
3310<I><B>Copyright &#169; 1996,</B> Cavalry Outpost Publications &#174; and
3311Trooper Wm. H. Boudreau, "F" Troop, 8th Cavalry Regiment (1946 - 1947). All
3312rights to this body of work are reserved and are not in the public domain, or
3313as noted in the bibliography. Reproduction, or transfer by electronic means,
3314of the History of the 1st Cavalry Division, the subordinate units or any
3315internal element, is not permitted without prior authorization. Readers are
3316encouraged to link to any of the pages of this Web site, provided that proper
3317acknowledgment attributing to the source of the data is made. The information
3318or content of the material contained herein is subject to change without
3319notice.</I><BR CLEAR="ALL"></P>
3320
3321<P>
3322Revised 24 Jan '13 SpellChecked <IMG SRC="chk_mark.gif"></P>
3323
3324</BODY>
3324<script>'undefined'=== typeof _trfq || (window._trfq = []);'undefined'=== typeof _trfd && (window._trfd=[]),_trfd.push({'tccl.baseHost':'secureserver.net'},{'ap':'cpsh-oh'},{'server':'p3plzcpnl508845'},{'dcenter':'p3'},{'cp_id':'10238054'},{'cp_cl':'8'}) // Monitoring performance to make your website faster. If you want to opt-out, please contact web hosting support.</script>
3324<script src='https://img1.wsimg.com/traffic-assets/js/tccl.min.js'></script>
3324</html>
3325
3326<!--
3327I-OP-001.jpg            The Trail To The Cavalry Outpost &#169;
3328I_OP-002.jpg            "The Post Opposite El Paso del Norte", (El Paso 1849 ~ 1851)
3329I_OP-003.jpg            Officers' Quarters, Concordia
3330I_OP-004.jpg            El Paso, Texas - circa 1875 ~ 1880
3331I_OP-005.jpg            Parade Ground, Ft. Bliss, TX. - Hart's Mill Location
3332I_OP-006.jpg            Pershing House, Ft. Bliss
3333I_OP-007.jpg            Generals Alvaro Obregon, Pancho Villa and John S. Pershing
3334I_OP-008.jpg            The Western Frontier Regions
3335I_OP-009.jpg            Cavalry Division Table Of Organization
3336I_OP-013.jpg            Pass In Review - TRICAP Ceremony 05 May, 1971
3337I_OP-010.jpg            Newly Organized 1st Cavalry Division Passes In Review
3338I_OP-011.jpg            Maneuvers near Toyahvale, Texas
3339I_OP-012.jpg            New Addition - Cavalry Scout Cars
3340I_OP-013.jpg            Pass In Review - TRICAP Ceremony 05 May, 1971
3341I_OP-014.jpg            1st Division Headquarters - 1971
3342I_OP-015.jpg            4th Brigade Combat Team Marches Through Downtown El Paso
3343I_OP-016.jpg            1st Cavalry Division Uncases Its Colors On A Rainy And Cold Evening
3344I_OP-017.jpg            "Longknives" Stand In Formation
3345I_OP-018.jpg            4th Brigcade Cases Its Colors
3346I_OP-019.jpg            1st Cavalry TOA In Eastern Afghanistan
3347I_OP-020.jpg            Long Knives Begin To Return From Iraq
3348I_OP-021.jpg            Second Echelon Of 4th Brigade Returns
3349I_OP-022.jpg            Back In Loving Hands
3350I_OP-023.jpg            Ft Bliss and Logan Heights, 1940
3351I_OP-024.jpg            1st Cavalry Division Returns To Bliss
3352I_OP-025.jpg            Legacy of the Cavalry
3353I_OP-026.jpg            1st Cavalry Division Dismount Ceremony, Ft. Bliss, Texas
3354I_OP-027.jpg            Enlargement Of Dismount Ceremony Reviwing Stand
3355I_OP-028.jpg            A Date "which will live in infamy,"
3356I_OP-029.jpg            The Line Of March Covered The Harsh Terrain Of The "Big Bend" District
3357I_OP-030.jpg            2nd BCT Uncases Colors
3358I_OP-031.jpg            1st Aero Squadron In Formation
3359I_OP-032.jpg            Ready For Field Maneuvers
3360I_OP-033.jpg            1st Cavalry Division Begind Return From Afghanistan
3361I_OP-034.jpg            Preparing Division Colors For Casing
3362I_OP-035.jpg            1CD Uncasing The Division Colors
3363I_OP-036.jpg            1st Air Cavalry Begins Begin Return From Iraq
3364I_OP-037.jpg            Fort Bliss, ElPaso, circa 1885
3365I_OP-038.jpg            American Progress, John Gast (circa 1872)
3366I_OP-039.jpo            US Expansion Territories Available Through Manifest Destiny
3367I_OP-040.gif            "Manifest Destiny" Trails
3368I_OP-041.jpg            US Regiment of Dragoons
3369I_OP-042.jpg            1,944.70 Mile US-Mexico Border
3370I_OP-043.jpg            Proposed Cavalry Division Table Of Organization - May, 1916
3371I_OP-044.jpg            World War I Invention, The Tank           
3372I_OP-045.jpg            Battle Of Wounded Knee Creek
3373I_OP-046.jpg            Cavalry Charges Into Indian Territory
3374I_OP-047.jpg            Krag-Jorgensen Service Rifles
3375I_OP-048.jpg            Strategy Of The Western Front
3376I_OP_049.jpg            Columbus, NM Under Attack
3377Ft_Bliss.gif            Ft. Bliss, TX
3378Site_Map.gif            Web_Site Map Instructions
3379Punitive.gif            Punitive Expedition Campaign
3380I_OP-Video-001.flv      Early Cavalry Maneuvers - Marfa
3381I_OP-Video-002.flv      The Beginning Of A Training Day
3382I_OP-Video-003.flv      Field Maneuver Training Exercises
3383I_OP-Video-004.flv      3rd Brigade At Khabari-Crossing
3384I_OP-Video-005.flv      Honor Guard and Band, 1st Cavalry Division
3385I-OP-Vider-006.flv      Preview Of Coming Attractions
3386I-OP-Vider-007.flv      Pancho Villa And The Southern Border
3387I_OP-Video-008.flv      Transfer of Authority In Afghanistan
3388I_OP-Video-009.flv      1CD Return and Uncasing The Colors
3389I_OP-Video-010.flv      Battle Of Wounded Knee Creek
3390I_OP-Video-001.swf      Our Future Evolves From Our Heritage
3391T_HC-Video-010.flv      Texas Hill Country
3392T_OP-Video-011.flv      We Honor Those Who Fought For Freedom
3393-->
3394

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