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193w, 1200px" /> </div> 194 195 </header> 196 <div class="entry-content"> 197 198<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Topics we’ll cover:</p> 199 200 201 202<ul class="wp-block-list"> 203<li><a href="#new-research">New research</a></li> 204 205 206 207<li><a href="#s2c-boards">Spelling to Communicate Boards</a></li> 208 209 210 211<li><a href="#s2c-practitioner">Spelling to Communicate Practitioner</a></li> 212 213 214 215<li><a href="#s2c-evidence">Is Spelling to Communicate evidence-based?</a></li> 216 217 218 219<li><a href="#s2c-age">At what age can you start Spelling to communicate?</a></li> 220 221 222 223<li><a href="#legit">Is S2C legit?</a></li> 224 225 226 227<li><a href="#mores2c">Some more questions about S2C</a></li> 228</ul> 229 230 231 232<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 233 234 235 236<h1 class="wp-block-heading" id="new-research">Spelling to Communicate – New Research</h1> 237 238 239 240<p class="wp-block-paragraph">What does this card in the video below symbolize? </p> 241 242 243 244<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Freedom!! </strong></p> 245 246 247 248<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> 249<iframe title="Spelling to Communicate (S2C): New Research Study" width="750" height="422" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zwEy_BiY4fc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> 250</div></figure> 251 252 253 254<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Looks like a simple piece of paper right? It is so much more. This is what is used by people who communicate through something called spelling to communicate but many times it’s abbreviated as S2C. <div class="optin-interstiller"></div></p> 255 256 257 258<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A person points and touches so that they could spell out words, sentences, paragraphs, and even books!</p> 259 260 261 262<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Just so you are aware that this simple little piece of paper is <strong>very controversial</strong>.</p> 263 264 265 266<h2 class="wp-block-heading">What’s the Controversy with Spelling to Communicate</h2> 267 268 269 270<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Let’s understand this controversy a little bit. <a href="https://awetism.net/autistic-mind-finally-speaks/">The people who use this way to communicate the most are people with autism who are non-speaking</a>. Sometimes they’re labeled severely autistic or profoundly autistic. Most of these people are thought to have very low intelligence because they can’t speak, they can’t answer academic questions, and their body movement is very erratic and unfortunately, many people make the assumption that there is no intelligence. Which then their life then consists of accessing education at basically the kindergarten level for two decades! (school lessons like- What day is today? Is it cloudy âA-B-Câ? You get the idea, right?) So they do this for two decades, and their future, it’s quite bleak.</p> 271 272 273 274<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So you now have a picture in your mind of the type of person who would use this board to communicate.<strong> So why is this piece of paper so controversial?</strong> Because many people believe that there is no way a person who is profoundly autistic with severe behaviors could actually be intelligent. They say that the person holding this piece of paper is actually moving it to the finger and it’s not really the autistic person who is communicating, but rather the person holding it who’s manipulating it. That’s not right that someone’s intelligence can be entirely written off that easily. It’s not fair to anyone, and you know I am about quality science, so what’s the science of spelling to communicate? There has been one research study done in <strong>2020</strong>, this is <strong>cutting-edge science</strong> for you to know this study actually leverages technology to answer the question is the autistic person actually spelling on their own.</p> 275 276 277 278<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Study on Spelling to Communicate (S2C)</h3> 279 280 281 282<ul class="wp-block-list"> 283<li>There were nine nonspeaking autistic individuals and they had been using the letter boards for at least two and a quarter years, so these were experienced spellers,</li> 284</ul> 285 286 287 288<ul class="wp-block-list"> 289<li>They communicate without receiving physical support, meaning the person who is holding the letter board does not touch their hand, arm, or anything. No one is touching them at all while they are spelling. There is a person holding the letter board.</li> 290</ul> 291 292 293 294<ul class="wp-block-list"> 295<li>Participants wore a head-mounted eye tracker as they responded to 24 questions about an article read aloud to them by a familiar assistant.</li> 296</ul> 297 298 299 300<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The study structure</h4> 301 302 303 304<ul class="wp-block-list"> 305<li>Participants composed their responses by pointing independently with the index finger of their right hand to letters on the letter board held vertically by the assistant. Again, the assistant did n
305ot touch them.</li> 306</ul> 307 308 309 310<ul class="wp-block-list"> 311<li>The same individual served as the assistant for all participants</li> 312</ul> 313 314 315 316<ul class="wp-block-list"> 317<li>Responses ranged in length from a single word (so let’s say the question was, “Name a type of flower?” the answer was “Sunflower”), or long answers (let’s say the question was, “Can you think of something you have to wait for?” The answer was, “That is hard, I feel like the world is waiting on me, not the other way around”).</li> 318</ul> 319 320 321 322<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So you can see the spelling and the length of communication varied depending upon the question and also what the person felt like answering.</p> 323 324 325 326<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The discussion</h4> 327 328 329 330<ul class="wp-block-list"> 331<li>Here’s a direct quote, âThe accuracy, speed, timing, and visual fixation patterns reported here suggest that participants were not simply looking at and pointing to letters that the assistant holding the letter board cued them toâ.</li> 332 333 334 335<li>“Instead, our data suggest that participants <strong>actively generated their own text</strong> fixating and pointing to letters that they selected themselves.”</li> 336</ul> 337 338 339 340<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a></a> A little further in the discussion,</p> 341 342 343 344<ul class="wp-block-list"> 345<li>This is not to deny that the assistant <strong>occasionally influenced participants</strong>.</li> 346</ul> 347 348 349 350<ul class="wp-block-list"> 351<li>On the contrary, the assistant sometimes redirected participants who seemed to lose their train of thought, requested clarification, interrupted, and said aloud a word before the participant finished spelling it.</li> 352</ul> 353 354 355 356<ul class="wp-block-list"> 357<li>Importantly, however, this kind of influence is also common among speaking people as when someone helps another one find a word or completes their sentence.</li> 358</ul> 359 360 361 362<h4 class="wp-block-heading">More Clarity</h4> 363 364 365 366<ul class="wp-block-list"> 367<li>This sample population was unique because it comprised nonspeaking autistic people who were <strong>intentionally </strong>chosen because they were <strong>experienced </strong>letter board users</li> 368</ul> 369 370 371 372<ul class="wp-block-list"> 373<li>And here’s another direct quote. âWe are not claiming that all nonspeaking autistic people can learn to convey their thoughts using a letter board.â</li> 374</ul> 375 376 377 378<ul class="wp-block-list"> 379<li>The scientists in the paper conclude that participants in their study were spelling their own thoughts based on their speed and visual fixation patterns.</li> 380</ul> 381 382 383 384<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The paper is very technical. There are lots of graphs and figures. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32398782/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">If you want to read the research, click here to read the scientific article</a>. The scientists conclude that the participants were spelling on their own based upon all the analysis of the data provided by the eye tracking technology.</p> 385 386 387 388<ul class="wp-block-list"> 389<li>The scientists do not claim that someone who spells slowly or whose eyes cannot be tracked is incapable of conveying their own thoughts.</li> 390</ul> 391 392 393 394<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The Conclusion</h3> 395 396 397 398<figure class="wp-block-pullquote"><blockquote><p>âThe blanket dismissal of assisted autistic communication is therefore unwarranted.â</p></blockquote></figure> 399 400 401 402<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Reference</h3> 403 404 405 406<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32398782/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sci Rep. 2020 May 12;10(1):7882</a><br></p> 407 408 409 410<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> 411 412 413 414<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="s2c-boards">Spelling to Communicate Boards</h2> 415 416 417 418<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> 419<iframe title="Spelling to Communicate (S2C) - Boards - What are they & how to use them" width="750" height="422" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Kmiz4P5ofKw?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;
419 web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> 420</div></figure> 421 422 423 424<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Spelling to communicate. What is it? How does it work? These are some questions that you might be asking yourself if you’ve heard about it. And if <a href="https://awetism.net/i-am-in-here/">you or your child have difficulty speaking</a>, then this article is for you.</p> 425 426 427 428<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Spelling to communicate is sometimes abbreviated as S2C. It’s a cutting-edge technique that has one clinical study completed already.</p> 429 430 431 432<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Speech and motor planning</h3> 433 434 435 436<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Let’s think about speech. There’s a lot of motor planning involved. We have to coordinate our jaw, tongue, lips, and breath. Many fine motor skills are going on, and many people with autism have motor planning difficulties. So much so, that there’s a discussion about adding motor planning difficulties to the requirements of an <a href="https://awetism.net/autism-diagnosis/">autism diagnosis</a>.</p> 437 438 439 440<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For some, motor planning is challenging; for others, speech is also very difficult. So S2C was developed specifically for those with autism who have motor planning difficulties.</p> 441 442 443 444<p class="wp-block-paragraph">S2C uses gross motor skills, which are generally better, although still difficult, to access communication. You might be thinking, âOkay, but what about using the different devices and just hitting buttons and things like that?â That all involves fine motor skills. S2C involves gross motor skills.</p> 445 446 447 448<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Communication boards</h3> 449 450 451 452<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Stencil board</h4> 453 454 455 456<p class="wp-block-paragraph">People generally start with stencil-like letter boards, and they have to use gross motor skills to poke a pencil through the letter to spell the word.</p> 457 458 459 460<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Each letter board has only a third of the alphabet, so the target alphabets are quite large. Someone holds the letter board and the speller pokes a pencil through the letter so that there’s no doubt what letter they are choosing.</p> 461 462 463 464<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="744" src="https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-board-1024x744.png" alt="S2C-board" class="wp-image-616" srcset="https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-board-1024x744.png 1024w, https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-board-300x218.png 300w, https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-board-768x558.png 768w, https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-board.png 1188w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> 465 466 467 468<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The pencil helps with targeting and gives sensory feedback. Generally, students start with a pencil when using this letter board, and then they progress to using their fingers to poke through the letter board to spell whatever word they want.</p> 469 470 471 472<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Math board</h4> 473 474 475 476<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Math can also be introduced. The maths board has numbers and the maths functions addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and equals. And it works the same way – the student pokes their finger through the number or function.</p> 477 478 479 480<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Single board</h4> 481 482 483 484<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As mastery improves, a single letter board is then used. And this makes a big difference because all the letters are on one board. There’s a lot of speed increase when students use one letter board with all the letters. And many students get really excited when they get up to this level!</p> 485 486 487 488<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The students are still poking their fingers. It’s much smaller, but they’re poking their finger to get that sensory feedback. They become so proficient in letter identification that they can spell words, sentences, paragraphs, and even books!</p> 489 490 491 492<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Communication partner</h4> 493 494 495 496<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There is a communication partner that is always holding these letter boards. There’s a little handle on the board for the partner to hold, and the learner pokes through the letter. </p> 497 498 499 500<p class="wp-block-paragraph">With S2C, the communication partner, the person that is holding these letter boards, never touches the speller. They might give redirections verbally, but there’s no assistance with the arm. There’s no hand-over-hand, hand-under-hand, or anything along those lines. Again, there might be a verbal redirection or some type of verbal prompt. </p> 501 502 503 504<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Laminated Spelling Boards</h4> 505 506 507 508<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The next level of mastery then typically is to move to the laminated letter board. Itâs lighter and easy to carry. On the backside of this letter board, you have math functions as well. </p> 509 510 511 512<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="673" src="https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-laminated-boards-autism-1024x673.png" alt="" class="wp-image-617" srcset="https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-laminated-boards-autism-1024x673.png 1024w, https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-laminated-boards-autism-300x197.png 300w, https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-laminated-boards-autism-768x505.png 768w, https://awetism.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/S2C-laminated-boards-autism.png 1237w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> 513 514 515 516<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Speakers just touch the letters. I have seen some people spell on this letter board so fast that I can’t keep track of what they’re spelling because they’re so quick. Those are very proficient spellers. Sometimes they’re called fluent spellers or open spellers. </p> 517 518 519 520<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Some students then go on to spelling on a keyboard, but not everyone. It’s a personal choice. </p> 521 522 523 524<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Controversy</h3> 525 526 527 528<p class="wp-block-paragraph">S2C seems like a great option for people with autism to have, yes? Well, 10 to 20 years ago, there was a lot of controversy about using a technique similar to this. And the criticism was that the communication partner, the person holding the board, was actually moving the board and that the person spelling was not really spelling. </p> 529 530 531 532<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This research study that was done on this technique clearly answers the question, âIs the person spelling the one who is selecting the letter?â</p> 533 534 535 536<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Links</h3> 537 538 539 540<ul class="wp-block-list"> 541<li><a href="https://i-asc.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This is the organization</a> that trains communication partners, plus some other cool links to check out if you’re interested in learning more.</li> 542 543 544 545<li>My video about the research study that was done on this technique clearly answers the question, is the person spelling the one who is selecting the letter? So feel free to <a href="https://youtu.be/zwEy_BiY4fc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">check out that video.</a></li> 546 547 548 549<li><a href="https://nypost.com/2022/12/24/severely-autistic-kids-use-miracle-tool-to-communicate-for-first-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nypost.com/2022/12/24/severely-autistic-kids-use-miracle-tool-to-communicate-for-first-time/</a></li> 550 551 552 553<li><a href="https://www.5newsonline.com/article/news/health/spelling-2-communicate-program-coming-fort-smith/527-26cfde13-833a-4fcf-9452-4a62a605760c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.5newsonline.com/article/news/health/spelling-2-communicate-program-coming-fort-smith/527-26cfde13-833a-4fcf-9452-4a62a605760c</a></li> 554 555 556 557<li><a href="https://invictusacademyfl.org/academics/s2c/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://invictusacademyfl.org/academics/s2c/</a></li> 558 559 560 561<li><a href="https://spellersthemovie.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://spellersthemovie.com/</a></li> 562</ul> 563 564 565 566<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 567 568 569 570<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> 571 572 573 574<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 575 576 577 578<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="s2c-practitioner">What is a Spelling to Communicate Practitioner?</h2> 579 580 581 582<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> 583<iframe loading="lazy" title="Spelling to Communicate (S2C) Practitioner - What is it?" width="750" height="422" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_9U9zQgLuXY?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;
583 web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> 584</div></figure> 585 586 587 588<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Historically, people with non-speaking autism were considered to have low intelligence. Because they didn’t have a way to communicate their intelligence, they were thought of as lacking intelligence. Which is not true. </p> 589 590 591 592<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Using S2C, <a href="https://awetism.net/secrets-to-communication-with-your-child-with-autism-bookclub/">non-speaking people with autism can communicate</a> with other people. In their initial S2C learning stages, the spellers are assisted by communication and regulation partners. Some people call that partner an S2C practitioner, but that’s not technically accurate.</p> 593 594 595 596<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So what is an S2C practitioner, and how did it come about? Letâs learn more about them.</p> 597 598 599 600<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Origins</h3> 601 602 603 604<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Elizabeth Vosseller is the person who is credited with originating and growing the S2C technique. She is, by training, a speech and language pathologist. She’s had decades of experience working with non-speaking individuals and is very dedicated to the non-speaking population of autism.</p> 605 606 607 608<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What is S2C?</h3> 609 610 611 612<p class="wp-block-paragraph">S2C is a method of teaching purposeful motor skills for communication to individuals with autism and other sensory-motor challenges as a means of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). As motor skills improve through consistent practice, students progress from pointing to letters on the letter boards to typing on the keyboard.</p> 613 614 615 616<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Technically at this moment, S2C is not a therapy.</p> 617 618 619 620<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What do S2C practitioners do?</h3> 621 622 623 624<ul class="wp-block-list"> 625<li>S2C practitioners work with non-speaking children and adults to teach them the motor skills necessary to point to letters to spell words, sentences, paragraphs, books, and so forth. </li> 626</ul> 627 628 629 630<ul class="wp-block-list"> 631<li>S2C practitioners also coach and guide parents, teachers, siblings, au pairs, or anyone who will regularly be with the speller to provide the speller with continued support. </li> 632</ul> 633 634 635 636<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If your child is learning S2C, you may want to learn to be a great communication and regulation partner (CRP) so that they can spell with you and share their innermost thoughts. The S2C practitioner is the professional who will teach you this approach. A communication and regulation partner is anyone who can spell with the speller.</p> 637 638 639 640<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Certifying organization</h3> 641 642 643 644<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The International Association for Spelling as Communication (I-ASC) is the organization that trains S2C practitioners. The I-ASC leadership council is led by 10 non-speaking people with autism who are fluent on the letter board. The organization’s leadership also includes an executive team and practitioner leaders.</p> 645 646 647 648<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Qualifications and course</h3> 649 650 651 652<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The S2C practitioner can have any background. They do not need to be a speech therapist or an occupational therapist or anything along those lines. They do not need any therapeutic background.</p> 653 654 655 656<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Applicants are trained and certified by I-ASC in a six and half month training course to become an S2C practitioner, which includes a short internship. New practitioners are assigned a mentor so that they can continue to grow and learn. There are currently less than 100 trained S2C practitioners. </p> 657 658 659 660<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Links</h3> 661 662 663 664<ul class="wp-block-list"> 665<li><a href="https://youtu.be/zwEy_BiY4fc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Spelling to Communicate: New Research Study</a></li> 666 667 668 669<li><a href="https://youtu.be/Kmiz4P5ofKw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Spelling to Communicate – Boards</a></li> 670 671 672 673<li><a href="https://i-asc.org/s2c-practitioner-location-map/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">If you want to find an S2C practitioner</a> </li> 674</ul> 675 676 677 678<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 679 680 681 682<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> 683 684 685 686<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 687 688 689 690<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="s2c-evidence">Is Spelling to Communicate Evidence-based?</h2> 691 692 693 694<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> 695<iframe loading="lazy" title="Is Spelling To Communicate (S2C) evidence based?" width="750" height="422" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3YAMz168l8A?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;
695 web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> 696</div></figure> 697 698 699 700<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Spelling to Communicate can become a bit of a controversial topic quite quickly. <a href="https://youtu.be/zwEy_BiY4fc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In this video</a>, I talked about the one study that answered the question, âIs the speller actually the one spelling?â The research used technology to determine if the speller looks at the letter before they select it. This was an important question to answer with a research study because historically, people with non-speaking autism were considered to have low intelligence because they didn’t have a way to communicate their intelligence.</p> 701 702 703 704<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What makes a therapy evidence-based?</h3> 705 706 707 708<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When a therapy has been a part of numerous, large, well-designed studies demonstrating that the therapy leads to a positive outcome for treating a specific problem, it is called evidence-based therapy. </p> 709 710 711 712<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Autism population and evidence-based therapies</h3> 713 714 715 716<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Smaller sample size</h4> 717 718 719 720<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Autism is heterogeneous, meaning it presents itself in many different ways. What is true for one person with autism isn’t true for another. This means no one therapy is relevant to the entire population of autism. In that vein, not every person with autism would need or want to use the Spelling to Communicate approach. This heterogeneity decreases the population size that can be studied.</p> 721 722 723 724<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Learned sample size</h4> 725 726 727 728<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Then comes the interesting issue of how therapies are tested. You need a large enough number of people who know the therapy so that large, well-designed research studies can determine the therapyâs positive outcomes.</p> 729 730 731 732<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So you actually need:</p> 733 734 735 736<ul class="wp-block-list"> 737<li>People with autism to learn S2C. </li> 738 739 740 741<li>And then we need these people to participate in the research studies.</li> 742</ul> 743 744 745 746<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The need for early adapters</h4> 747 748 749 750<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This is where early adapters of S2C come in. Right now, people who are learning Spelling to Communicate would be considered early adapters. And scientists need these early adapters in order to do research studies with them.</p> 751 752 753 754<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The chicken or the egg problem</h3> 755 756 757 758<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://youtu.be/zwEy_BiY4fc">That one research st</a><a href="https://youtu.be/zwEy_BiY4fc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">u</a><a href="https://youtu.be/zwEy_BiY4fc">dy</a> that was done certainly has given validity to the S2C approach. But in order to be officially classified as an evidence-based therapy, S2C needs numerous research studies. But again, here’s the catch – in order to study it, scientists need people who know the technique. </p> 759 760 761 762<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So people need to learn S2C even though it is not an evidence-based therapy yet. I would classify S2C as an emerging evidence-based approach for non-speakers with autism.</p> 763 764 765 766<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If you are a parent, ask your child to see if this is something that they would like to try to learn. It takes time and effort to master a communication technique. If nothing has been successful in the past, there is not much of a downside to trying this technique. </p> 767 768 769 770<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 771 772 773 774<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> 775 776 777 778<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 779 780 781 782<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="s2c-age">At what age can you start Spelling to Communicate?</h2> 783 784 785 786<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> 787<iframe loading="lazy" title="At What Age Can You Start Spelling to Communicate? (S2C)" width="750" height="422" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EBBoEYXD688?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;
787 web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> 788</div></figure> 789 790 791 792<p class="wp-block-paragraph">At what age can you start S2C? Is S2C only for those with autism? Is S2C only for those who are nonverbal or non-speaking? Those are great questions, so let’s get right into them.</p> 793 794 795 796<h3 class="wp-block-heading">At what age can you start S2C?</h3> 797 798 799 800<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Typically, students of S2C are five years or older. Why is that? It’s good to give your child ample time to grow from traditional speech therapy – OT, PT… Early intervention does make a difference, so it’s important to use those services.</p> 801 802 803 804<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Sometimes at age four, if there hasn’t been much change, certain exercises can be done in preparation for S2C. But traditionally, S2C can only be started at five years old.</p> 805 806 807 808<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Is S2C only for those with autism?</h3> 809 810 811 812<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Short answer, no. The majority of children and people learning S2C are non-speaking people with autism. Some people with autism can speak, but they have difficulty saying what they want or truly mean. They too can use S2C to communicate.</p> 813 814 815 816<p class="wp-block-paragraph">However, anyone who has motor difficulties can explore S2C and see if it would benefit them.</p> 817 818 819 820<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Is S2C only for those who are nonverbal?</h3> 821 822 823 824<p class="wp-block-paragraph">S2C is for those who are non-speaking, minimally speaking, or unreliably speaking. This is true for most AAC approaches. </p> 825 826 827 828<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The term nonverbal is being replaced with the term non-speaking. Self-advocates have said that non-speaking more accurately describes their experience. Nonverbal, they feel, diminishes their intelligence and ability to understand the environment around them. And once many of these non-speakers start communicating, you will be aware of how aware they have been this whole entire time. </p> 829 830 831 832<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Therefore, S2C is for those who are not speaking, minimally speaking, or unreliably speaking, with or without autism.</p> 833 834 835 836<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> 837 838 839 840<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 841 842 843 844<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="legit">Is S2C legit?</h2> 845 846 847 848<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Can Spelling to communicate be considered a legitimate alternative communication method for nonverbal individuals with autism? Or does it remain a subject of skepticism? I’ve gotten some questions like those, so let me address them here. </p> 849 850 851 852<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Spelling to communicate still remains a subject of skepticism. However, there is <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwEy_BiY4fc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">one clinical study</a> that used technology to track the eye movements of the person spelling. The technology showed that the person spelling actually looked at the letter first before selecting the letter, therefore providing evidence that the person spelling was the actual person spelling. </p> 853 854 855 856<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The field of speech therapists and some other areas don’t really accept this one research study and they want more research studies. There will be a need for parents and spellers to take the chance and learn this technique. Otherwise, there’ll be nobody in the clinical studies, and this technique could not be studied further. </p> 857 858 859 860<figure class="wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> 861<iframe loading="lazy" title="Is Spelling to Communicte (S2C) legit? Unlock the Mysteries of Autism Communication" width="750" height="422" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3dSda75Nl_4?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> 862</div></figure> 863 864 865 866<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Facilitated communication</h3> 867 868 869 870<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Is Spelling to communicate facilitated communication? That’s another good question. Why is facilitated communication controversial? Another good question. </p> 871 872 873 874<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Facilitated communication is a technique that’s designed to help individuals who have limited communication skills. Many times that’s with someone with autism. A facilitator supports the person’s hand or arm and guides them to point to letters or symbols. The whole goal is to enhance their ability to communicate. </p> 875 876 877 878<p class="wp-block-paragraph">However, the controversy arises from the facilitator’s support of that person. Numerous studies and expert opinions have raised questions about unintentional facilitator influence. Research suggests that messages generated through facilitated communication might be inadvertently shaped by the facilitator rather than reflecting the authentic thoughts of the individual. This is where all that skepticism has come from. </p> 879 880 881 882<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Major health organizations in the US caution against the use of facilitated communication due to these concerns. They emphasize the importance of evidence-based communication interventions. Very wise. They do need to re-evaluate their stance because there’s one published study and hopefully more coming. </p> 883 884 885 886<p class="wp-block-paragraph">I will say the research that was done in <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32398782/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">that study</a>, the communication partner, is what they call it, did not touch the hand at all. There was no facilitation in that way. It gets very technical as to whether Spelling to communicate is facilitated communication. That’s a very interesting debate because it’s not very clear.</p> 887 888 889 890<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Examples of facilitated communication</h4> 891 892 893 894<p class="wp-block-paragraph">What are some other examples of facilitated communication? Are they successful? Anytime hand-under-hand is used, it breaches the area of facilitated communication. </p> 895 896 897 898<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Let’s take, for example, <strong>PECS</strong> – Picture Exchange Communication System. Usually, these are small laminated squares that have pictures on them. A lot of times they have Velcro on the back and you pull them off to show a picture of what it is that the person desires. They put it sometimes on a schedule or sometimes in a book. However, many times the child either has difficulty pulling off the Velcro or for whatever reason, the person, a person with them, might help them by moving their hands. </p> 899 900 901 902<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So PECS, which is highly accepted, can turn into facilitated communication based upon how people interact with that person. Many things can become facilitated communication if someone starts providing assistance. </p> 903 904 905 906<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Controversies around S2C</h3> 907 908 909 910<p class="wp-block-paragraph">What are the key controversies surrounding the effectiveness of Spelling to communicate? </p> 911 912 913 914<ul class="wp-block-list"> 915<li><strong>Influence of facilitator</strong>. The controversy is critics argue that messages produced through Spelling to communicate may be influenced by the facilitator, but there’s not really a facilitator. There’s a disconnect as to what’s truly going on with the speller and the spelling. That’s why using eye-tracking technology is just brilliant because it uses technology to answer that question. </li> 916 917 918 919<li>Another controversy is the <strong>lack of scientific evidence</strong>. We went over how there’s one <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32398782/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">research publication</a>. You need more than just one research publication. It takes people to do that research. People have to learn S2C so that we can see exactly, scientifically how it works. </li> 920 921 922 923<li>Another controversy is, well, just <strong>use one of the other techniques</strong> that are accepted and available. Not everybody is successful in communicating with what’s out there already. That’s the reason why we develop new things. </li> 924</ul> 925 926 927 928<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If somebody really wants to, let’s say, go to college and pursue their dreams, how can they do that with PECS, with these little Velcro things? You can’t take a science class with PECS. You really reach the limit of academic involvement using any type of word substitution. So yeah, there are different apps and things like that where you could press the button. But when you’re learning academically, as so many people with autism can, they’re just limited in their expression, there needs to be ways for someone to communicate their full thoughts. If you can’t speak, there’s typing. And if you can’t type and use fine motor skills, then the next best thing is gross motor skills, and that is what S2C is all about.</p> 929 930 931 932<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> 933 934 935 936<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 937 938 939 940<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="mores2c">More questions about S2C</h2> 941 942 943 944<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What are some of the success case studies associated with Spelling to Communicate? And how do they compare to the scientific evidence? </h3> 945 946 947 948<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There are many young adults who are nonspeaking, and they’ve used S2C to write books, not just write books, publish books. There are so many examples of that. I actually have a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKxDaQZV8tI&list=PLT-GinbkRNUd4pi5CUK9P21gCxGCFfYAE&pp=iAQB" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">whole playlist of videos</a> that give a summary of the book that they wrote. </p> 949 950 951 952<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The scientific evidence shows that the person spelling is the person spelling. <a href="https://awetism.net/s
952pelling-to-communicate-case-studies/">The case studies and the scientific evidence align fantastically. </a></p> 953 954 955 956<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> 957<iframe loading="lazy" title="S2C Breakthroughs: Empowering Non-Speaking Autistic Individuals" width="750" height="422" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Vu7W3wNPfmU?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> 958</div></figure> 959 960 961 962<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Are there any ethical concerns related to the promotion and practice of Spelling to Communicate within the autism community?</h3> 963 964 965 966<p class="wp-block-paragraph">I have heard people raise ethical concerns. In fact, someone commented on one of the videos that the argument is the person spelling can’t possibly have any intelligence. So it’s unfair to get the parents’ hopes up that they have an intelligent child. That was a comment. </p> 967 968 969 970<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There is <a href="http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32398782/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">one published scientific article</a>, a clinical trial, that used eye-tracking technology to show that the person spelling, using their finger, pointing to the letters, is actually looking at the letter they point to before they point to it. </p> 971 972 973 974<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The research went on to analyze a lot of different really technical things, like how fast they were spelling. If you think of the word toothbrush, T-O is usually spelled quicker than the H and the B in between tooth and brush. A lot of analysis was done, and it was compared to the spelling patterns that you would typically see. </p> 975 976 977 978<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There’s a lot of data in that research study showing that the person spelling is actually the person spelling, and there’s more research continuing to go on. </p> 979 980 981 982<p class="wp-block-paragraph">I have to say in this day and age, a different question would be, Are there any ethical concerns about denying a person a way to communicate? Because that’s effectively what is being done and what that comment is about. </p> 983 984 985 986<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Can Spelling to Communicate be considered a legitimate alternative communication method for nonverbal individuals with autism, or does it remain a subject of skepticism? </h3> 987 988 989 990<p class="wp-block-paragraph">It does remain an area of skepticism. So there is that one published scientific article, and hopefully, there are more articles coming out so that eventually, Spelling to Communicate can be called evidence-based. Right now, it’s cutting-edge. </p> 991 992 993 994<h3 class="wp-block-heading">How has the controversy surrounding Spelling to Communicate influenced the broader conversation about autism therapy and interventions? </h3> 995 996 997 998<p class="wp-block-paragraph">It’s a great question. People who have nonspeaking autism are more likely to be marginalized in education and also healthcare. The broader conversation in the autism community is to be able to hear what a nonspeaking autistic has to say now that they have a way to express their high-level thoughts. </p> 999 1000 1001 1002<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Autistic self-advocates emphasize the importance of recognizing and respecting the communication preferences and abilities of each individual, and that is why it’s important that more research be done into Spelling to Communicate. 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1283<script id="wpil-frontend-script-js" src="https://awetism.net/wp-content/plugins/link-whisper/js/frontend.min.js?ver=1787331745"></script>
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1284<script id="_tk-bootstrapjs-js" src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
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1285<script id="_tk-skip-link-focus-fix-js" src="https://awetism.net/wp-content/themes/dym-theme/includes/js/skip-link-focus-fix.js"></script>
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1286<script id="_tk-homepage-js" src="https://awetism.net/wp-content/themes/dym-theme/assets/js/home.js"></script>
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1287<script id="social-share-js" src="https://awetism.net/wp-content/themes/dym-theme/assets/lib/social-share.min.js"></script>
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1290
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Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.