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160 161<!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com" /> 162 <link rel="icon" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cropped-BGS-favicon-logo-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> 163<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cropped-BGS-favicon-logo-180x180.png" /> 164<link rel="icon" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cropped-BGS-home-screen-150x150.png" sizes="192x192" /> 165<meta name="msapplication-config" content="none"> 166 <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cropped-BGS-home-screen-1.png" /> 167<style id="wp-custom-css"> 168html { 169 scroll-padding-top: 125px; 170} 171 172@media screen and (min-width: 992px) { 173.content-section .img-wrap img { 174 max-height: 465px; 175} 176 /*WP Timeline Plugin CSS*/ 177 178 body .wpex-timeline-list.show-icon .wpex-timeline > li .wpex-content-left .tlday { 179 line-height: 1.3; 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220 margin-top: -20px; 221 margin-left: -90px; 222} 223 .not-centered .content-section + .wpex-timeline-list, .hero-section-article + .wpex-timeline-list { 224 padding-right: 270px; 225} 226} 227@media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { 228.wpex-timeline-list { 229 max-width: 960px; 230}.not-centered .content-section + .wpex-timeline-list, .hero-section-article + .wpex-timeline-list { 231 padding-right: 260px; 232} 233 234} 235@media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { 236.wpex-timeline-list { 237 max-width: 1140px; 238} 239 .not-centered .content-section + .wpex-timeline-list, .hero-section-article + .wpex-timeline-list { 240 padding-right: 440px; 241} 242} 243 244 /**/ 245} 246#ccc-title{ 247 color: #002e40 !important 248} 249.cookies-wrap{ 250 display: none!important; 251} 252.header .main-menu .third-level.open-this { 253display:block!important} 254 255.breadcrumbs { 256color: transparent; 257} 258.breadcrumbs a { 259color: #000; 260} 261.breadcrumb-section .breadcrumb a:not(:first-child) { 262 margin-left: 16px; 263} 264.breadcrumbs a:focus { 265 color: #fff; 266} 267 268 269 270/*Cookie Banner CSS*/ 271#ccc .ccc-svg-element { 272 width: 14px!important; 273 height: 14px!important; 274 top: 0px!important; 275 fill: #000!important; 276} 277 278body #ccc .ccc-notify-button.ccc-reject-button { 279background:#fff!important; 280} 281 282body #ccc a:focus { 283 outline-color: #002e40!important; 284 background-color: transparent!important; 285 286} 287 288body #ccc-content button { 289fill: #002e40 !important; 290} 291 292body #ccc .ccc-notify-button.ccc-reject-button span { 293background-color: transparent!important; 294 color:#002e40 !important; 295} 296body #ccc .ccc-notify-button.ccc-accept-button span { 297 background-color: transparent!important; 298} 299body #ccc .ccc-notify-button.ccc-accept-button { 300background-color: #002e40 !important; 301border-color: #002e40 !important; 302} 303 304#ccc-content #ccc-close { 305border: 1px solid #002E40; 306 padding: 2px!important; 307margin:0; 308} 309#ccc #ccc-button-holder button.ccc-notify-button { 310padding: 11px 24px!important; 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role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/our-team/science-advisory-committee/" data-name="Science Advisory Committee">Science Advisory Committee</a></li> 831 <li id="menu-item-46143" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46143" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/equality-diversity-and-inclusion-edi/" data-name="Equality, diversity and inclusion at BGS">Equality, diversity and inclusion at BGS</a></li> 832 <li id="menu-item-57305" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57305" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/our-team/organisational-structure/" data-name="Organisational structure">Organisational structure</a></li> 833 </ul> 834</li> 835 <li id="menu-item-3480" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3480 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/" data-name="Our data and services" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Our data and services</a> 836 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 837 <li id="menu-item-49542" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49542" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/public/" data-name="General public">General public</a></li> 838 <li id="menu-item-49539" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49539" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/business-services/" data-name="Business services">Business services</a></li> 839 <li id="menu-item-49538" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49538" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/business-development/" data-name="Business development">Business development</a></li> 840 <li id="menu-item-50273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-50273" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/government/" data-name="Government and agencies">Government and agencies</a></li> 841 <li id="menu-item-49543" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49543" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/opengeoscience/" data-name="OpenGeoscience">OpenGeoscience</a></li> 842 <li id="menu-item-49540" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49540" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/academic-and-researchers/" data-name="Academics and researchers">Academics and researchers</a></li> 843 <li id="menu-item-91994" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-91994" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/climate-change-and-geohazards/" data-name="Climate change and geohazards">Climate change and geohazards</a></li> 844 <li id="menu-item-39482" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-39482" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/licensing/" data-name="Digital data licensing and resellers">Digital data licensing and resellers</a></li> 845 <li id="menu-item-49544" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-49544" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://shop.bgs.ac.uk/Shop/" data-name="GeoReports and online shop">GeoReports and online shop</a></li> 846 <li id="menu-item-121983" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-121983" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/bgs-forecasting-services/" data-name="BGS Forecasting services">BGS Forecasting services</a></li> 847 </ul> 848</li> 849 <li id="menu-item-46186" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46186 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/our-facilities/" data-name="Our facilities" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Our facilities</a> 850 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 851 <li id="menu-item-34489" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34489" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/" data-name="Science facilities">Science facilities</a></li> 852 <li id="menu-item-34487" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34487" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/library/" data-name="BGS Library">BGS Library</a></li> 853 <li id="menu-item-34488" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34488" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/conference-facilities/" data-name="Conference facilities">Conference facilities</a></li> 854 <li id="menu-item-58627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-58627" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/bgs-geology-shops/" data-name="BGS Geology Shop">BGS Geology Shop</a></li> 855 <li id="menu-item-46190" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46190" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/training/" data-name="BGS GeoSchool">BGS GeoSchool</a></li> 856 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class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3482 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/" data-name="Working with us" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Working with us</a> 862 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 863 <li id="menu-item-20085" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20085" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/bgs-case-studies/" data-name="C
863areers at BGS">Careers at BGS</a></li> 864 <li id="menu-item-85119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-85119" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/job-vacancies/" data-name="Job vacancies">Job vacancies</a></li> 865 <li id="menu-item-20087" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20087" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/working-at-the-bgs/" data-name="Working at BGS">Working at BGS</a></li> 866 <li id="menu-item-57308" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57308" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/equality-diversity-and-inclusion-edi/" data-name="Equality, diversity and inclusion at BGS">Equality, diversity and inclusion at BGS</a></li> 867 <li id="menu-item-103180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-103180" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/pay-and-benefits/" data-name="Pay and benefits">Pay and benefits</a></li> 868 <li id="menu-item-115514" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-115514" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/work-experience/" data-name="Work experience">Work experience</a></li> 869 </ul> 870</li> 871 <li id="menu-item-3483" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3483 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/" data-name="Contact us" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Contact us</a> 872 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 873 <li id="menu-item-28690" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28690" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/locations/" data-name="Offices and locations">Offices and locations</a></li> 874 <li id="menu-item-34481" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34481" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/customer-feedback/" data-name="Customer feedback">Customer feedback</a></li> 875 <li id="menu-item-30638" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30638" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/press-office/" data-name="BGS Press Office">BGS Press Office</a></li> 876 <li id="menu-item-34477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34477" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/bgs-intellectual-property-rights/" data-name="BGS Intellectual Property Rights">BGS Intellectual Property Rights</a></li> 877 <li id="menu-item-34478" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34478" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/freedom-of-information-act/" data-name="Freedom of information act">Freedom of information act</a></li> 878 <li id="menu-item-84997" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84997" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/UKBGS/signup/32555" data-name="Subscribe to our newsletter">Subscribe to our newsletter</a></li> 879 </ul> 880</li> 881 <li id="menu-item-86890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-86890 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/#faqs" data-name="Frequently asked questions" class="second-level-a">Frequently asked questions</a></li> 882</ul> 883</li> 884<li id="menu-item-7742" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-7742 first-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/" data-name="Research" class="first-level-a">Research</a> 885<ul class="second-level" role="menu"> 886 <li id="menu-item-10912" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10912 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/" data-name="Overview" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Overview</a> 887 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 888 <li id="menu-item-57338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57338" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/research-projects/" data-name="Explore our research projects">Explore our research projects</a></li> 889 <li id="menu-item-38979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-38979" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/publications/" data-name="Publications">Publications</a></li> 890 <li id="menu-item-34476" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34476" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/bufi/" data-name="BGS University Funding Initiative">BGS University Funding Initiative</a></li> 891 </ul> 892</li> 893 <li id="menu-item-113984" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-113984 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/environmental-change/" data-name="Environmental change" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Environmental change</a> 894 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 895 <li id="menu-item-38946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38946" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/" data-name="Environmental geochemistry laboratories">Environmental geochemistry laboratories</a></li> 896 <li id="menu-item-111153" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-111153" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/" data-name="Environmental modelling ">Environmental modelling </a></li> 897 <li id="menu-item-37348" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-37348" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/groundwater-research/" data-name="Groundwater research">Groundwater research</a></li> 898 <li id="menu-item-112679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-112679" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/medical-geochemistry/" data-name="Medical geology">Medical geology</a></li> 899 <li id="menu-item-37350" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-37350" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sea-floor-marine-geoscience/" data-name="Sea floor: marine geoscience">Sea floor: marine geoscience</a></li> 900 <li id="menu-item-38947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38947" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/seafloor-scientific-ocean-drilling/" data-name="Sea floor: scientific ocean drilling">Sea floor: scientific ocean drilling</a></li> 901 <li id="menu-item-60644" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-60644" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sustainable-soils/" data-name="Soils and landscapes">Soils and landscapes</a></li> 902 <li id="menu-item-37349" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-37349" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/urban-geoscience/" data-name="Urban geoscience">Urban geoscience</a></li> 903 </ul> 904</li> 905 <li id="menu-item-7917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7917 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/decarbonisation/" data-name="Decarbonisation" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Decarbonisation</a> 906 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 907 <li id="menu-item-38950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38950" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/mineral-resources/" data-name="Mineral resource security and flows">Mineral resource security and flows</a></li> 908 <li id="menu-item-38949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38949" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/radioactive-waste/" data-name="Geodisposal: radioactive waste">Geodisposal: radioactive waste</a></li> 909 <li id="menu-item-47573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-47573" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/critical-raw-materials/" data-name="Critical raw materials">Critical raw materials</a></li> 910 <li id="menu-item-103578" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-103578" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/geothermal-energy/" data-name="Geothermal energy">Geothermal energy</a></li> 911 <li id="menu-item-38952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38952" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/hydrocarbons-systems/" data-name="Hydrocarbon systems">Hydrocarbon systems</a></li> 912 <li id="menu-item-38953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38953" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/energy-storage/" data-name="Energy storage">Energy storage</a></li> 913 <li id="menu-item-38954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38954" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/carbon-capture-and-storage/" data-name="C
913arbon capture and storage">Carbon capture and storage</a></li> 914 <li id="menu-item-38955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38955" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/fluid-and-rock-processes/" data-name="Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster">Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster</a></li> 915 <li id="menu-item-38956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38956" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/rock-volume-cluster/" data-name="Rock Volume Characterisation Laboratory Cluster">Rock Volume Characterisation Laboratory Cluster</a></li> 916 <li id="menu-item-38957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38957" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/uk-geoenergy-observatories/" data-name="UK Geoenergy Observatories">UK Geoenergy Observatories</a></li> 917 </ul> 918</li> 919 <li id="menu-item-7916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7916 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/multihazards/" data-name="Multi-hazards" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Multi-hazards</a> 920 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 921 <li id="menu-item-36115" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36115" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/volcanoes/" data-name="Volcanology">Volcanology</a></li> 922 <li id="menu-item-51898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-51898" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/earthquake-seismology/" data-name="Earthquakes and seismology research">Earthquakes and seismology research</a></li> 923 <li id="menu-item-36114" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36114" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/geomagnetism-science-capability/" data-name="Geomagnetism">Geomagnetism</a></li> 924 <li id="menu-item-38031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38031" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/geodesy/" data-name="Geodesy and Earth observation">Geodesy and Earth observation</a></li> 925 <li id="menu-item-38941" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38941" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/geophysical-tomography/" data-name="Shallow geophysics">Shallow geophysics</a></li> 926 <li id="menu-item-36117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36117" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/landslides/" data-name="Landslides research">Landslides research</a></li> 927 <li id="menu-item-94126" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-94126" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/coasts-and-estuaries/" data-name="Coasts and estuaries geohazards">Coasts and estuaries geohazards</a></li> 928 <li id="menu-item-36116" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36116" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/shallow-geohazards/" data-name="Shallow geohazards">Shallow geohazards</a></li> 929 </ul> 930</li> 931 <li id="menu-item-13400" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-13400 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/digital-geoscience/" data-name="Digital geoscience" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Digital geoscience</a> 932 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 933 <li id="menu-item-50275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-50275" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/digital-lab/" data-name="Digital lab">Digital lab</a></li> 934 <li id="menu-item-50276" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-50276" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/hazard-and-resilience-modelling/" data-name="Hazard and resilience modelling">Hazard and resilience modelling</a></li> 935 <li id="menu-item-50281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-50281" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/3d-visualisation-systems/" data-name="3D visualisation systems">3D visualisation systems</a></li> 936 <li id="menu-item-50279" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project current-menu-item menu-item-50279" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/" aria-current="page" data-name="Product development">Product development</a></li> 937 <li id="menu-item-50278" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-50278" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/citizen-science/" data-name="Citizen science">Citizen science</a></li> 938 <li id="menu-item-50274" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-50274" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/" data-name="Data">Data</a></li> 939 </ul> 940</li> 941 <li id="menu-item-22781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22781 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/national-geoscience/" data-name="National Geoscience" class="second-level-a">National Geoscience</a></li> 942 <li id="menu-item-22797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-22797 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/bgs-international/" data-name="International geoscience" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">International geoscience</a> 943 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 944 <li id="menu-item-119605" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-119605" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/bgs-international/international-geoscience-research-and-development/" data-name="International geoscience research and development">International geoscience research and development</a></li> 945 <li id="menu-item-119606" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-119606" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/bgs-international/international-commissioned-research/" data-name="International commissioned research">International commissioned research</a></li> 946 </ul> 947</li> 948 <li id="menu-item-13373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13373 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/" data-name="Science facilities" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Science facilities</a> 949 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 950 <li id="menu-item-26775" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26775" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/" data-name="Environmental geochemistry laboratories">Environmental geochemistry laboratories</a></li> 951 <li id="menu-item-26776" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26776" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/fluid-and-rock-processes/" data-name="Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster">Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster</a></li> 952 <li id="menu-item-26777" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26777" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/engineering-geotechnical-capability/" data-name="Engineering and Geotechnical Capability">Engineering and Geotechnical Capability</a></li> 953 <li id="menu-item-26779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26779" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/rock-volume-cluster/" data-name="Rock Volume Characterisation Laboratory Cluster">Rock Volume Characterisation Laboratory Cluster</a></li> 954 <li id="menu-item-57323" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-57323" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="http://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/operations/home.html" data-name="Geophysical observatories">Geophysical observatories</a></li> 955 </ul> 956</li> 957</ul> 958</li> 959<li id="menu-item-50282" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-50282 first-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/" data-name="Data" class="first-level-a">Data</a> 960<ul class="second-level" role="menu"> 961 <li id="menu-item-10913" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10913 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/" data-name="Data search" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Data search</a> 962 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 963 <li id="menu-item-1581" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1581" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/datasets/" data-name="Data product search">Data product search</a></li> 964 <li id="menu-item-13374" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13374" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/opengeoscience/" data-name="Open data">Open data</a></li> 965 <li id="menu-item-117599" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-117599" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/metadata-catalogue/" data-name="Data catalogues">Data catalogues</a></li> 966 <li id="menu-item-91995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-91995" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/services/climate-change-and-geohazards/" data-name="Climate change and geohazards">Climate change and geohazards</a></li> 967 </ul> 968</li> 969 <li id="menu-item-23398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-23398 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/map-viewers/" data-name="Map viewers" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Map viewers</a> 970 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 971 <li id="menu-item-85728" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-map-viewer menu-item-85728" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/map-viewers/bgs-geology-viewer/" data-name="BGS Geology Viewer">BGS Geology Viewer</a></li> 972 <li id="menu-item-39786" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-map-viewer menu-item-39786" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/map-viewers/geoindex-onshore/" data-name="GeoIndex (onshore)">GeoIndex (onshore)</a></li> 973 <li id="menu-item-39787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-map-viewer menu-item-39787" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/map-viewers/geoindex-offshore/" data-name="GeoIndex (offshore)">GeoIndex (offshore)</a></li> 974 <li id="menu-item-39788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-map-viewer menu-item-39788" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/map-viewers/uk-soil-observatory-ukso/" data-name="UK Soil Observatory">UK Soil Observatory</a></li> 975 <li id="menu-item-39796" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-39796" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/bgs-maps-portal/" data-name="BGS maps portal">BGS maps portal</a></li> 976 </ul> 977</li> 978 <li id="menu-item-23399" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-23399 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/technologies/" data-name="Technologies" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Technologies</a> 979 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 980 <li id="menu-item-36255" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-technology menu-item-36255" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/software/" data-name="Software">Software</a></li> 981 <li id="menu-item-36269" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-technology menu-item-36269" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/web-services/" data-name="Web services and APIs">Web services and APIs</a></li> 982 <li id="menu-item-47308" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-technology menu-item-47308" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/web-map-services-wms/" data-name="Web map services (WMS)">Web map services (WMS)</a></li> 983 <li id="menu-item-36272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-technology menu-item-36272" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/databases/" data-name="Databases">Databases</a></li> 984 <li id="menu-item-47310" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-technology menu-item-47310" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/geotechnical-data-services/" data-name="Geotechnical data services">Geotechnical data services</a></li> 985 <li id="menu-item-47309" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-technology menu-item-47309" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/collaborations/" data-name="Collaborations">Collaborations</a></li> 986 </ul> 987</li> 988 <li id="menu-item-23397" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-23397 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/information-hub/" data-name="Information hub" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Information hub</a> 989 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 990 <li id="menu-item-39792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-39792" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/licensing/" data-name="Digital data licensing and resellers">Digital data licensing and resellers</a></li> 991 <li id="menu-item-39789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-39
991789" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/publications/" data-name="Publications">Publications</a></li> 992 <li id="menu-item-39790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-39790" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/data-collections/" data-name="Data collections">Data collections</a></li> 993 <li id="menu-item-39791" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-39791" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/dictionaries/" data-name="Dictionaries">Dictionaries</a></li> 994 <li id="menu-item-39793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-39793" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/bgs-maps-portal/" data-name="BGS maps portal">BGS maps portal</a></li> 995 <li id="menu-item-47312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-47312" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/scanned-records/" data-name="Scanned records">Scanned records</a></li> 996 <li id="menu-item-47313" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-47313" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/photos-and-images/" data-name="Photographs and images">Photographs and images</a></li> 997 <li id="menu-item-47314" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-47314" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/borehole-records/" data-name="Borehole records">Borehole records</a></li> 998 </ul> 999</li> 1000 <li id="menu-item-38012" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-information-hub menu-item-38012 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/information-hub/licensing/" data-name="Digital data licensing and resellers" class="second-level-a">Digital data licensing and resellers</a></li> 1001 <li id="menu-item-77921" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-77921 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/datasets/digital-data-product-development/" data-name="Digital data product development" class="second-level-a">Digital data product development</a></li> 1002 <li id="menu-item-3719" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3719 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geological-repository/" data-name="National Geological Repository" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">National Geological Repository</a> 1003 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 1004 <li id="menu-item-4007" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4007" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geological-repository/accessing-ngr-material-collections/" data-name="Accessing the NGR material collections">Accessing the NGR material collections</a></li> 1005 <li id="menu-item-4008" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4008" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geological-repository/ngr-tour/" data-name="NGR tour">NGR tour</a></li> 1006 <li id="menu-item-4006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4006" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geological-repository/donations-and-loans-of-materials-collections/" data-name="Donations and loans of materials collections">Donations and loans of materials collections</a></li> 1007 <li id="menu-item-4009" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4009" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geological-repository/palaeontology-collections/" data-name="Palaeontology and biostratigraphy collections">Palaeontology and biostratigraphy collections</a></li> 1008 <li id="menu-item-4011" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4011" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geological-repository/borehole-core-collections/" data-name="Borehole core collections">Borehole core collections</a></li> 1009 <li id="menu-item-4012" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4012" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geological-repository/hydrocarbons-database/" data-name="NGR hydrocarbons (well samples) database">NGR hydrocarbons (well samples) database</a></li> 1010 </ul> 1011</li> 1012 <li id="menu-item-7011" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7011 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geoscience-data-centre/" data-name="National Geoscience Data Centre" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">National Geoscience Data Centre</a> 1013 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 1014 <li id="menu-item-119366" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119366" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ngdc/deposit-data-with-ngdc/" data-name="Deposit data with NGDC">Deposit data with NGDC</a></li> 1015 <li id="menu-item-119364" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119364" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ngdc/access-data/" data-name="Acce
1015ssing data – NGDC">Accessing data – NGDC</a></li> 1016 <li id="menu-item-119365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119365" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ngdc/citing-data/" data-name="NGDC citing data">NGDC citing data</a></li> 1017 <li id="menu-item-27690" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27690" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/national-geological-repository/archives/" data-name="Archives">Archives</a></li> 1018 </ul> 1019</li> 1020</ul> 1021</li> 1022<li id="menu-item-1579" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1579 first-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/" data-name="Discovering Geology" class="first-level-a">Discovering Geology</a> 1023<ul class="second-level" role="menu"> 1024 <li id="menu-item-3473" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3473 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/" data-name="Overview" class="second-level-a">Overview</a></li> 1025 <li id="menu-item-7888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7888 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/rocks-and-minerals/" data-name="Rocks and minerals" class="second-level-a">Rocks and minerals</a></li> 1026 <li id="menu-item-22543" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-22543 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/geological-processes/" data-name="Geological processes" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Geological processes</a> 1027 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 1028 <li id="menu-item-22540" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22540" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/geological-processes/landforms/" data-name="Landforms">Landforms</a></li> 1029 <li id="menu-item-22542" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22542" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/geological-processes/relief/" data-name="Relief">Relief</a></li> 1030 <li id="menu-item-22541" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22541" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/geological-processes/weathering/" data-name="Weathering">Weathering</a></li> 1031 <li id="menu-item-22539" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22539" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/geological-processes/erosion/" data-name="Erosion">Erosion</a></li> 1032 <li id="menu-item-22538" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22538" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/geological-processes/deposition/" data-name="Deposition">Deposition</a></li> 1033 </ul> 1034</li> 1035 <li id="menu-item-3508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3508 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/climate-change/" data-name="Discovering Geology: climate change" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Discovering Geology: climate change</a> 1036 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 1037 <li id="menu-item-3509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3509" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/climate-change/what-causes-the-earths-climate-to-change/" data-name="What causes the Earthâs climate to change?">What causes the Earthâs climate to change?</a></li> 1038 <li id="menu-item-20241" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20241" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/climate-change/impacts-of-climate-change/" data-name="Impacts of climate change">Impacts of climate change</a></li> 1039 <li id="menu-item-3510" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3510" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/climate-change/the-carbon-story/" data-name="The carbon story">The carbon story</a></li> 1040 <li id="menu-item-20242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20242" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/climate-change/how-does-the-greenhouse-effect-work/" data-name="The greenhouse effect">The greenhouse effect</a></li> 1041 <li id="menu-item-20240" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20240" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/climate-change/carbon-capture-and-storage/" data-name="Understanding carbon capture and storage">Understanding carbon capture and storage</a></li> 1042 <li id="menu-item-20239" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20239" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/climate-change/what-are-we-doing-about-climate-change/" data-name="What are we doing about climate change?">What are we doing about climate change?</a></li> 1043 </ul> 1044</li> 1045 <li id="menu-item-26608" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-26608 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/earth-hazards/" data-name="Earth hazards" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Earth hazards</a> 1046 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 1047 <li id="menu-item-26607" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26607" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/earth-hazards/earthquakes/" data-name="Earthquakes">Earthquakes</a></li> 1048 <li id="menu-item-26606" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26606" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/earth-hazards/landslides/" data-name="Understanding landslides">Understanding landslides</a></li> 1049 <li id="menu-item-26605" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26605" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/earth-hazards/volcanoes/" data-name="Volcanoes">Volcanoes</a></li> 1050 <li id="menu-item-46191" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46191" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/earth-hazards/sinkholes/" data-name="Understanding sinkholes and karst">Understanding sinkholes and karst</a></li> 1051 </ul> 1052</li> 1053 <li id="menu-item-30642" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-30642 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/fossils-and-geological-time/" data-name="Fossils and geological time" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Fossils and geological time</a> 1054 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 1055 <li id="menu-item-30641" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30641" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/fossils-and-geological-time/geological-timechart/" data-name="Geological timechart">
1055Geological timechart</a></li> 1056 <li id="menu-item-30639" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30639" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/fossils-and-geological-time/fossils/" data-name="Fossils">Fossils</a></li> 1057 </ul> 1058</li> 1059 <li id="menu-item-46192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46192 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/maps-and-resources/" data-name="Maps and resources" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Maps and resources</a> 1060 <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> 1061 <li id="menu-item-57309" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57309" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/maps-and-resources/climate-change-through-time/" data-name="Climate change through time">Climate change through time</a></li> 1062 <li id="menu-item-57310" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57310" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/maps-and-resources/earth-hazards/" data-name="Earth hazards resources">Earth hazards resources</a></li> 1063 <li id="menu-item-87049" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-87049" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/maps-and-resources/energy-resources/" data-name="Energy resources">Energy resources</a></li> 1064 <li id="menu-item-57311" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57311" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/maps-and-resources/fossils-and-geological-time-resources/" data-name="Fossils and geological time resources">Fossils and geological time resources</a></li> 1065 <li id="menu-item-57312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57312" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/maps-and-resources/maps/" data-name="Maps">Maps</a></li> 1066 <li id="menu-item-97846" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-97846" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/maps-and-resources/rock-observation-resources/" data-name="Rock observation resources">Rock observation resources</a></li> 1067 <li id="menu-item-75791" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-75791" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/maps-and-resources/office-geology/" data-name="Postcard geology">Postcard geology</a></li> 1068 </ul> 1069</li> 1070 <li id="menu-item-121391" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-121391 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/public-engagement-events/" data-name="Public engagement events" class="second-level-a">Public engagement events</a></li> 1071</ul> 1072</li> 1073</ul> </nav> 1074 </div> 1075 <button class="col-lg-2 col-sm-1 col-2 search no-btn"><span class="hidden h-open">Search</span><span class="hidden h-close hidden-dis"></span><span class="button-content" tabindex="-1"></span></button> 1076 </div> 1077 </div> 1078 </div> 1079 <div class="search-wrap search-wrap-js"> 1080 <div class="primary-background"> 1081 <div class="container"> 1082 <div class="row"> 1083 <div class="col-lg-6"> 1084 <form action="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/" > 1085 <label for="main-search-form-81701" class="screen-reader">Search</label> 1086 <input type="search" name="s" id="main-search-form-81701" placeholder="Search" class="main-search" /> 1087 <button class="search-clear no-btn"> 1088 <span class="button-content icon-close" tabindex="-1"></span><span class="screen-reader">Clear Search Button</span> 1089 </button> 1090 <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> 1091 </form>
1092 </div> 1093 </div> 1094 </div> 1095 </div> 1096 <div class="results-wrap"> 1097 <div class="container"> 1098 <div class="row"> 1099 <div class="col-lg-6"> 1100 <div class="quick-links"> 1101 <h6>Quick links</h6> 1102 <ul> 1103 <li><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/climate-change/" >Climate change</a></li><li><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/multiple-hazards/" >Multiple hazards</a></li><li><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/decarbonisation/" >Decarbonisation</a></li> </ul> 1104 </div> 1105 <div class="results"> 1106 <ul> 1107 </ul> 1108 </div> 1109 </div> 1110 </div> 1111 </div> 1112 </div> 1113</div> 1114 <span class="alert-box"></span> 1115 </header> 1116 1117 <main> 1118 <section class="breadcrumb-section rock-background-f"> 1119 <div class="container breadcrumb"> 1120 <div class="row"> 1121 <div class="col-12"> 1122 <div class="breadcrumbs"> 1123 <span class="dots" title="Expand"><strong>...</strong></span> 1124 <span><a property="v:title" rel="v:url" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/" >Home</a> » <a property="v:title" rel="v:url" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/" >Research</a> » <a property="v:title" rel="v:url" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/" >Product development</a></span> </div> 1125 </div> 1126 </div> 1127 </div> 1128</section> 1129 <section class="hero-section hero-section-with-social"> 1130 <div class="hero-info-wrap"> 1131 <div class="container"> 1132 <div class="row"> 1133 <div class="col-12"> 1134 <div class="hero-info"> 1135 <h1>Product development: properties and resources</h1> 1136 <p>BGS Research</p> </div> 1137 </div> 1138 </div> 1139 </div> 1140 </div> 1141 1142 <div class="social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them"> 1143 <div class="sea-background-f"> 1144 <span>Share this article</span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/"><span class="icon-facebook"><span class="hidden">Facebook</span></span></a><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Product%20development&url=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/"><span class="icon-twitter"><span class="hidden">Twitter</span></span></a><a onclick="javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" href="javascript:void(0);"><span class="icon-pinterest"><span class="hidden">Pinterest</span></span></a><a target="_blank" href="https://wa.me?text=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/"><span class="icon-whatsapp"><span class="hidden">WhatsApp</span></span></a><a href="mailto:?subject=Product%20development&body=Producing%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20geological%20data%20and%20information,%20including%20digital%20mapping,%20for%20all%20stakeholders.%20(https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/)"><span class="icon-mail"><span class="hidden">Email</span></span></a><a href="#" data-copy="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/" class="copy-url-on-click"><span class="icon-link"><span class="hidden">Copy Link</span></span></a></div></div> <div class="img-wrap"> 1145 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Geochemical_domains_HS2-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur hero-img" alt="Geochemical domains along part of HS2" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Geochemical_domains_HS2.jpg" /> </div> 1146 </section> 1147 1148 1149 1150<section class="wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"> 1151<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The properties and resources team publishes a broad range of geological data and information for all stakeholders. Our portfolio includes all digital mapping relating to the description of the main lithological, geochemical and geophysical characteristics of UK geology, as well as covering aspects of engineering behaviour and resource potential. </p> 1152 1153 1154 1155<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Our product development centres on updating the extensive, supporting databases relating to geotechnical, geochemical and geophysical properties of rocks and soils. This includes looking at novel spatial modelling techniques, as well as the development of work flows to improve data ingestion and publishing.</p> 1156 1157 1158 1159<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Product development is focused on meeting the needs of stakeholders. We do this by working collaboratively with users across industry, government and academia to develop answers to their specific problems. Examples of these can be seen in our case studies pages for the utilities sector.</p> 1160 1161 1162 1163<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The team are also working to upgrade our systems and methods, to enable more data to be gathered from a wider number of sources, collated with more automation and released in a wider range of outputs.</p> 1164 1165 1166 1167<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Case studies</h2> 1168 1169 1170 1171<p class="wp-block-paragraph">
1171The team has worked with numerous clients in the utilities and transport sectors to assess the impact of geological environment on buried or on-surface infrastructure assets. Much of the research has focused on determining if assets are being unduly compromised by their environment or are in need of specific maintenance to mitigate local environmental conditions. Many of the projects also included an assessment of likely changes arising from climate variability.</p> 1172 1173 1174 1175<p class="wp-block-paragraph">All geological materials change through time. Units that are youngest, or closest to the ground surface, are subject to constant changes in moisture, stability (subsidence; heave; weathering; erosion) and solar gain. These factors are compounded by the fact that the assets themselves may influence their environment by introducing changes to local drainage, heat-profiles, stray currents and ground stability (loading; voids).</p> 1176 1177 1178 1179<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These studies have used a range of geostatistical methods to model spatio-temporal correlations and uncertainty. </p> 1180 1181 1182 1183<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Systems and methods</h2> 1184 1185 1186 1187<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The properties and resources team use a wide range of GIS systems (e.g. ESRI; QGIS; MapInfo) and bespoke tools (including R and in-house Python scripting) to build and maintain the main products. We have a small number of additional projects that consider novel techniques for spatial analysis to either develop new mapping outputs or assess spatial correlation of geological features with other datasets.</p> 1188</div></div></div></section> 1189 1190 1191 <section id="in-this-section-8188-block_13c1d86b9cf6d6b807132a774427c00f" class="grid-section sea-background-e " > 1192 <div class="container"> 1193 <div class="row header-of-section"> 1194 <div class="col-12"> 1195 <h2>Find out more about our research</h2> 1196 </div> 1197 </div> 1198 <div class="row grid-wrap"> 1199 <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> 1200 <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> 1201 <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/mapping-with-machine-learning/"> 1202 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Arsenic_enrichment_feature-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Arsenic Enrichment SW England" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Arsenic_enrichment_feature.jpg" /> </a> 1203 <div class="info-wrap"> 1204 <div class="info"> 1205 <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/mapping-with-machine-learning/">Mapping with machine learning</a></h2> 1206 <p>Recently there has been a trend towards the collection of ever-more quantitative data, as exemplified by the Tellus projects.</p> 1207 </div> 1208 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/mapping-with-machine-learning/">Show more</a> </div> 1209 </div> 1210</div> 1211<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> 1212 <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> 1213 <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/blueprint/"> 1214 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Blueprint_map_feature-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Blueprint_map_feature" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Blueprint_map_feature.jpg" /> </a> 1215 <div class="info-wrap"> 1216 <div class="info"> 1217 <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/blueprint/">Blueprint</a></h2> 1218 <p>This project focuses on the next generation of products, looking at content, user experience, and how we deliver them, and what we will need to do this.</p> 1219 </div> 1220 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/blueprint/">Show more</a> </div> 1221 </div> 1222</div> 1223 </div> 1224 </div> 1225 </section> 1226 1227 1228 <section id="latest-content-7941-block_d9e3dd02e1103264ae5486c4d65fd5f1" class="cards-carousel-section sea-background-d " > 1229 <div class="container"> 1230 <div class="row header-of-section"> 1231 <div class="col-12"> 1232 <h2>Our projects</h2> 1233 </div> 1234 </div> 1235 <div class="row "> 1236 <div class="col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js"> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> 1237 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/bgs-geology/" class="media-wrap" > 1238 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/BGS_geology_thumb.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BGS Geology" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/BGS_geology_thumb.jpg" /> </a> 1239 <div class="info-wrap"> 1240 <div class="info"> 1241 <div>Geology</div> 1242 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/bgs-geology/" >BGS Geology</a></h4> 1243 <p>The BGS Geology datasets are digital geological maps of Great Britain based on the different series of published BGS geological maps.</p> 1244 </div> 1245 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/bgs-geology/" >Show more</a> 1246 </div> 1247</div> 1248<div class="item cards cards-find-more "> 1249 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/applied-geochemistry/g-base-regional-geochemistry/" class="media-wrap" > 1250 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Central_England_feature-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Central_England_feature" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Central_England_feature.jpg" /> </a> 1251 <div class="info-wrap"> 1252 <div class="info"> 1253 <div></div> 1254 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/applied-geochemistry/g-base-regional-geochemistry/" >G-BASE: regional geochemistry</a></h4> 1255 <p>Systematic geochemical sampling and analysis of rural stream sediment, stream water and soil samples was carried out across the UK by the BGS and GSNI.</p> 1256 </div> 1257 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/applied-geochemistry/g-base-regional-geochemistry/" >Show more</a> 1258 </div> 1259</div> 1260<div class="item cards cards-find-more "> 1261 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/bgs-civils/" class="media-wrap" > 1262 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/P524935.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="P524935" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/P524935.webp" /> </a> 1263 <div class="info-wrap"> 1264 <div class="info"> 1265 <div></div> 1266 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/bgs-civils/" >BGS Civils</a></h4> 1267 <p>National maps of engineering properties based on geological data and BGS Geology 50K.</p> 1268 </div> 1269 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/bgs-civils/" >Show more</a> 1270 </div> 1271</div> 1272<div class="item cards cards-find-more "> 1273 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/britpits/" class="media-wrap" > 1274 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/P740954.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Shorncote sand and gravel quarry" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/P740954.jpg" /> </a> 1275 <div class="info-wrap"> 1276 <div class="info"> 1277 <div>Mining and minerals</div> 1278 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/britpits/" >BritPits</a></h4> 1279 <p>BGS is engaged in surveying the country for former mineral sites due to their importance for planning purposes and as potential sources of currently scarce resources such as building stone, in addition to hazard checking.</p> 1280 </div> 1281 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/britpits/" >Show more</a> 1282 </div> 1283</div> 1284<div class="item cards cards-find-more "> 1285 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/soil-parent-material-model/" class="media-wrap" > 1286 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/SoilParentSample1.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Soil Parent Sample 1" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/SoilParentSample1.jpg" /> </a> 1287 <div class="info-wrap"> 1288 <div class="info"> 1289 <div>Geology</div> 1290 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/soil-parent-material-model/" >
1290Soil Parent Material Model</a></h4> 1291 <p>The Soil Parent Material Model details the distribution of properties of the weathered and unweathered soil parent materials of Great Britain.</p> 1292 </div> 1293 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/soil-parent-material-model/" >Show more</a> 1294 </div> 1295</div> 1296<div class="item cards cards-find-more "> 1297 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/superficial-deposit-thickness-model/" class="media-wrap" > 1298 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/SDTM_ODM_web_image_thumbnail.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Map extract of the BGS SDTM Observation driven model (ODM) showing modelled superficial deposit thickness. BGS © UKRI." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/SDTM_ODM_web_image_thumbnail.jpg" /> </a> 1299 <div class="info-wrap"> 1300 <div class="info"> 1301 <div>Geology</div> 1302 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/superficial-deposit-thickness-model/" >Superficial deposit thickness model</a></h4> 1303 <p>The superficial deposit thickness model shows the depth of the bedrock surface below unconsolidated deposits</p> 1304 </div> 1305 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/superficial-deposit-thickness-model/" >Show more</a> 1306 </div> 1307</div> 1308<div class="item cards cards-find-more "> 1309 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/web-map-services-wms/radon-data-wms/" class="media-wrap" > 1310 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/feature_WMS_radon-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BGS WMS Radon" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/feature_WMS_radon.jpg" /> </a> 1311 <div class="info-wrap"> 1312 <div class="info"> 1313 <div>Hazards</div> 1314 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/web-map-services-wms/radon-data-wms/" >Indicative atlas of radon in Great Britain WMS</a></h4> 1315 <p>Public Health England and the BGS have published a map showing where high levels of radon are more likely, which is provided as a web map service (WMS).</p> 1316 </div> 1317 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/technologies/web-map-services-wms/radon-data-wms/" >Show more</a> 1318 </div> 1319</div> 1320<div class="item cards cards-find-more "> 1321 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/buried-valleys/" class="media-wrap" > 1322 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/BuriedValley-thumb.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BuriedValley-thumb" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/BuriedValley-thumb.jpg" /> </a> 1323 <div class="info-wrap"> 1324 <div class="info"> 1325 <div>Geoscience information</div> 1326 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/buried-valleys/" >Buried valleys</a></h4> 1327 <p>Buried valleys are ancient river or subglacial (beneath a glacier) drainage networks that are now abandoned and have become either partly or completely buried by more recent sediment.</p> 1328 </div> 1329 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/buried-valleys/" >Show more</a> 1330 </div> 1331</div> 1332</div> </div> 1333 <div class="row"> 1334 <div class="col-12"> 1335 </div> 1336 </div> 1337 </div> 1338 </section> 1339 1340 1341 <section id="in-this-section-3704-block_6257e6b50c962089f1919741342e9683" class="grid-section sea-background-d " > 1342 <div class="container"> 1343 <div class="row header-of-section"> 1344 <div class="col-12"> 1345 <h2>Case studies</h2> 1346 </div> 1347 </div> 1348 <div class="row grid-wrap"> 1349 <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> 1350 <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> 1351 <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/power-networks/"> 1352 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Earthing_trench_feature_power-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Earthing" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Earthing_trench_feature_power.jpg" /> </a> 1353 <div class="info-wrap"> 1354 <div class="info"> 1355 <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/power-net
1355works/">Power networks</a></h2> 1356 <p>BGS worked with National Grid to undertake a screening exercise to identify potential geological and flooding hazards that might impact their network.</p> 1357 </div> 1358 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/power-networks/">Show more</a> </div> 1359 </div> 1360</div> 1361<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> 1362 <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> 1363 <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/water-networks/"> 1364 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Perforation_cast_iron_feature_networks-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Pitting and perforation of cast iron" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Perforation_cast_iron_feature_networks.jpg" /> </a> 1365 <div class="info-wrap"> 1366 <div class="info"> 1367 <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/water-networks/">Water networks</a></h2> 1368 <p>Water companies manage extensive networks of pipes for water supply and sewerage and over time, these pipes can fail, resulting in leakage to the surrounding soils.</p> 1369 </div> 1370 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/water-networks/">Show more</a> </div> 1371 </div> 1372</div> 1373<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> 1374 <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> 1375 <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/transport-networks/"> 1376 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Geochemical_domains_HS2_feature_transport-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Geochemical domains" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Geochemical_domains_HS2_feature_transport.jpg" /> </a> 1377 <div class="info-wrap"> 1378 <div class="info"> 1379 <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/transport-networks/">Transport networks</a></h2> 1380 <p>Major transport projects create and utilise excavated materials to create underpinning infrastructure (in the form of tunnels, cuttings and embankments).</p> 1381 </div> 1382 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/transport-networks/">Show more</a> </div> 1383 </div> 1384</div> 1385 </div> 1386 </div> 1387 </section> 1388 1389 1390<section class="cta-section sky-background-d "> 1391 <div class="container"> 1392 <div class="row md-row"> 1393 <div class="col-12"> 1394 <h2>Need more information?</h2> <div>Please contact the head of product development</div> <div class="btn-wrap"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/contact-the-person/?employee=lawley-russell" class="button primary-background ">Russell Lawley</a></div> </div> 1395 </div> 1396 </div> 1397</section> 1398 1399 1400 <section style="background-image:url('https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/News-events-scaled.jpg')" id="latest-content-7237-block_3f93d85918b03fd8dcda58d958cca7e0" class="cards-carousel-section basic-background-1 " > 1401 <div class="container"> 1402 <div class="row header-of-section"> 1403 <div class="col-12"> 1404 <h2>Related news</h2> 1405 </div> 1406 </div> 1407 <div class="row "> 1408 <div class="col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js"> <div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1409 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/updated-national-3d-model-will-determine-the-depth-to-the-solid-bedrock-beneath-our-feet/" class="media-wrap" > 1410 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/MapExtract.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="MapExtract" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/MapExtract.webp" /> </a> 1411 <div class="info-wrap"> 1412 <div class="info"> 1413 <div>BGS news</div> 1414 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/updated-national-3d-model-will-determine-the-depth-to-the-solid-bedrock-beneath-our-feet/" >Updated national 3D model will determine the depth to the solid bedrock beneath our feet</a></h4> 1415 <p>13/07/2026</p> <p>The BGS Superficial Deposit Thickness Model now includes an elevation model of geological rockhead for the first time, providing important data for civil engineers, geoscientists and environmental scientists.</p> 1416 </div> 1417 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/updated-national-3d-model-will-determine-the-depth-to-the-solid-bedrock-beneath-our-feet/" >Show more</a> 1418 </div> 1419</div> 1420<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1421 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/historical-mineral-reports-support-gold-exploration-in-scotland/" class="media-wrap" > 1422 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Gold-P102730_web.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Alluvial gold. BGS © UKRI. (P
1422102730)" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Gold-P102730_web.jpg" /> </a> 1423 <div class="info-wrap"> 1424 <div class="info"> 1425 <div>BGS news</div> 1426 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/historical-mineral-reports-support-gold-exploration-in-scotland/" >From archive to discovery: historical mineral reports support gold exploration in Scotland</a></h4> 1427 <p>25/06/2026</p> <p>Digitised geological records show potential to unlock untapped mineral resources in Ardlochan, Argyllshire. </p> 1428 </div> 1429 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/historical-mineral-reports-support-gold-exploration-in-scotland/" >Show more</a> 1430 </div> 1431</div> 1432<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1433 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/ukraine-and-the-uk-strengthen-their-commitment-to-geological-cooperation/" class="media-wrap" > 1434 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Maggy_Heintz_MoU_Ukraine_web.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Dr Maggy Heintz, director of BGS International Geoscience, delivering a speech at the signing of the new Memorandum of Understanding. © FCDO" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Maggy_Heintz_MoU_Ukraine_web.jpg" /> </a> 1435 <div class="info-wrap"> 1436 <div class="info"> 1437 <div>BGS news</div> 1438 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/ukraine-and-the-uk-strengthen-their-commitment-to-geological-cooperation/" >Ukraine and the UK strengthen their commitment to geological cooperation</a></h4> 1439 <p>10/06/2026</p> <p>A new Memorandum of Understanding reaffirms the UKâs support of Ukraineâs ambitions to develop its critical mineral resources, paving the way for collaboration through capacity-building programmes.</p> 1440 </div> 1441 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/ukraine-and-the-uk-strengthen-their-commitment-to-geological-cooperation/" >Show more</a> 1442 </div> 1443</div> 1444<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1445 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-geological-maps-of-berwick-upon-tweed-to-help-future-proof-natural-water-supply/" class="media-wrap" > 1446 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/jon-ford-berwick-EA.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="P1081687" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/jon-ford-berwick-EA.webp" /> </a> 1447 <div class="info-wrap"> 1448 <div class="info"> 1449 <div>BGS news</div> 1450 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-geological-maps-of-berwick-upon-tweed-to-help-future-proof-natural-water-supply/" >New geological maps of Berwick-upon-Tweed to help future-proof natural water supply</a></h4> 1451 <p>20/05/2026</p> <p>Scientists have mapped the geology under the town to better understand the groundwater system to inform decisions around abstraction.</p> 1452 </div> 1453 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-geological-maps-of-berwick-upon-tweed-to-help-future-proof-natural-water-supply/" >Show more</a> 1454 </div> 1455</div> 1456<div class="item cards cards-read-more event"> 1457 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/bgs-geoclimate-dataset-launch-webinar/" class="media-wrap" > 1458 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/GeoClimate_web_banner.png" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BGS GeoClimate dataset" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/GeoClimate_web_banner.png" /> </a> 1459 <div class="info-wrap"> 1460 <div class="info"> 1461 <div>BGS events</div> 1462 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/bgs-geoclimate-dataset-launch-webinar/" >BGS GeoClimate – dataset launch webinar</a></h4> 1463 <p>Event on 02/06/2026</p> <p><p>The virtual launch of our new BGS GeoClimate dataset – helping mitigate the economic risk from shrink-swell subsidence. Event recording now available</p> 1464</p> 1465 </div> 1466 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/bgs-geoclimate-dataset-launch-webinar/" >Show more</a> 1467 </div> 1468</div> 1469<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1470 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/map-of-bgs-britpits-showing-the-distribution-of-worked-mineral-commodities-across-the-country/" class="media-wrap" > 1471 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/BP_CMTY-1.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BP_CMTY" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/BP_CMTY-1.webp" /> </a> 1472 <div class="info-wrap"> 1473 <div class="info"> 1474 <div>BGS news</div> 1475 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/map-of-bgs-britpits-showing-the-distribution-of-worked-mineral-commodities-across-the-country/" >Map of BGS BritPits showing the distribution of worked mineral commodities across the country</a></h4> 1476 <p>18/02/2026</p> <p>BGSâs data scientists have generated a summary map of the most commonly extracted mineral commodities by local authority area, demonstrating the diverse nature of British mineral resources. </p> 1477 </div> 1478 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/map-of-bgs-britpits-showing-the-distribution-of-worked-mineral-commodities-across-the-country/" >Show more</a> 1479 </div> 1480</div> 1481<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1482 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/funding-secured-to-help-mitigate-ground-risk-in-uk-construction-sector/" class="media-wrap" > 1483 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/P1038661.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="P1038661" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/P1038661.webp" /> </a> 1484 <div class="info-wrap"> 1485 <div class="info"> 1486 <div>BGS news</div> 1487 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/funding-secured-to-help-mitigate-ground-risk-in-uk-construction-sector/" >
1487Funding secured to help mitigate ground risk in UK construction sector</a></h4> 1488 <p>05/02/2026</p> <p>The BGS Common Ground project has been awarded new funding to help unlock the value of ground investigation data.</p> 1489 </div> 1490 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/funding-secured-to-help-mitigate-ground-risk-in-uk-construction-sector/" >Show more</a> 1491 </div> 1492</div> 1493<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1494 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-geological-maps-of-the-yorkshire-wolds-to-better-inform-groundwater-management-and-policy-decisions/" class="media-wrap" > 1495 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/original_e455406f-cd31-4b81-aff7-4b38a99dffa9_IMG_20211011_124150098_HDR.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="original_e455406f-cd31-4b81-aff7-4b38a99dffa9_IMG_20211011_124150098_HDR" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/original_e455406f-cd31-4b81-aff7-4b38a99dffa9_IMG_20211011_124150098_HDR.webp" /> </a> 1496 <div class="info-wrap"> 1497 <div class="info"> 1498 <div>BGS news</div> 1499 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-geological-maps-of-the-yorkshire-wolds-to-better-inform-groundwater-management-and-policy-decisions/" >New geological maps of the Yorkshire Wolds to better inform groundwater management and policy decisions</a></h4> 1500 <p>17/12/2025</p> <p>The new mapping provides crucial data on localised geological issues that may assist in protecting water supplies.</p> 1501 </div> 1502 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-geological-maps-of-the-yorkshire-wolds-to-better-inform-groundwater-management-and-policy-decisions/" >Show more</a> 1503 </div> 1504</div> 1505<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1506 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-3d-model-to-help-mitigate-groundwater-flooding/" class="media-wrap" > 1507 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Gateshead.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Gateshead" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Gateshead.webp" /> </a> 1508 <div class="info-wrap"> 1509 <div class="info"> 1510 <div>BGS news</div> 1511 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-3d-model-to-help-mitigate-groundwater-flooding/" >New 3D model to help mitigate groundwater flooding</a></h4> 1512 <p>08/12/2025</p> <p>BGS has released a 3D geological model of Gateshead to enhance understanding of groundwater and improve the response to flooding.</p> 1513 </div> 1514 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-3d-model-to-help-mitigate-groundwater-flooding/" >Show more</a> 1515 </div> 1516</div> 1517<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1518 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/latest-bgs-geology-50k-mapping-data-launched/" class="media-wrap" > 1519 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/BGS-Geology-50K-data-south-Nottinghamshire-feature.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BGS Geology 50K data shown for the south Nottinghamshire area. BGS © UKRI." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/BGS-Geology-50K-data-south-Nottinghamshire-feature.webp" /> </a> 1520 <div class="info-wrap"> 1521 <div class="info"> 1522 <div>BGS news</div> 1523 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/latest-bgs-geology-50k-mapping-data-launched/" >Latest BGS Geology 50K mapping data launched</a></h4> 1524 <p>06/11/2025</p> <p>Some of our most widely used maps have received a major update, including the 1:50 000-scale map series that now includes enhanced coverage of Great Britain.</p> 1525 </div> 1526 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/latest-bgs-geology-50k-mapping-data-launched/" >Show more</a> 1527 </div> 1528</div> 1529<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1530 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/world-cities-day-the-geological-story-of-our-cities/" class="media-wrap" > 1531 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/pexels-jabzee-30754124_London_web.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="London's iconic skyline. Photo by Jabez Cutamora via Pexels" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/pexels-jabzee-30754124_London_web.jpg" /> </a> 1532 <div class="info-wrap"> 1533 <div class="info"> 1534 <div>BGS news</div> 1535 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/world-cities-day-the-geological-story-of-our-cities/" >World Cities Day: the geological story of our cities</a></h4> 1536 <p>31/10/2025</p> <p>Understanding the rocks that underlie our towns and cities, the risks they can present and how they influence urban planning and redevelopment.</p> 1537 </div> 1538 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/world-cities-day-the-geological-story-of-our-cities/" >Show more</a> 1539 </div> 1540</div> 1541<div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> 1542 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-bgs-geoindex-viewer-released-for-user-testing/" class="media-wrap" > 1543 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GeoIndex_Beta_web.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BGS GeoIndex Beta user interface" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GeoIndex_Beta_web.jpg" /> </a> 1544 <div class="info-wrap"> 1545 <div class="info"> 1546 <div>BGS news</div> 1547 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-bgs-geoindex-viewer-released-for-user-testing/" >New BGS GeoIndex viewer released for user testing</a></h4> 1548 <p>24/09/2025</p> <p>The premium map-viewing application has been given a major upgrade and made available as a beta release.</p> 1549 </div> 1550 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-bgs-geoindex-viewer-released-for-user-testing/" >Show more</a> 1551 </div> 1552</div> 1553</div> </div> 1554 <div class="row"> 1555 <div class="col-12"> 1556 </div> 1557 </div> 1558 </div> 1559 </section> 1560 1561
1562 <section id="latest-content-640-block_cd818d7d3df4352c0abd22c03c077ca2" class="grid-section primary-background " > 1563 <div class="container"> 1564 <div class="row header-of-section"> 1565 <div class="col-12"> 1566 <h2>You may also be interested in</h2> 1567 </div> 1568 </div> 1569 <div class="row grid-wrap"> 1570 <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> 1571 <div class="cards cards-orizontal-sm cards-find-more cards-bordered"> 1572 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/hazard-and-resilience-modelling/" class="media-wrap"> 1573 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/iStock-586087414_feature-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Little plant in dried cracked mud against a background of city skyline. Photo credit amphotora." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/iStock-586087414_feature.jpg" /> </a> 1574 <div class="info-wrap"> 1575 <div class="info"> 1576 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/hazard-and-resilience-modelling/">Hazard and resilience modelling</a></h4> 1577 <p>Developing new and innovative data products that deliver geoscientific information to a range of users in an accessible form.</p> 1578 </div> 1579 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/hazard-and-resilience-modelling/">Show more</a> 1580 </div> 1581 </div> 1582</div> 1583<div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> 1584 <div class="cards cards-orizontal-sm cards-find-more cards-bordered"> 1585 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/datasets/" class="media-wrap"> 1586 <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/feature_250kSample-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BGS Geology 250k sample" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/feature_250kSample.jpg" /> </a> 1587 <div class="info-wrap"> 1588 <div class="info"> 1589 <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/datasets/">Datasets</a></h4> 1590 <p>We have a wide range of licensed geoscience data. The datasets range from the geological data family (BGS Geology) to offshore data, ground stability datasets and 3D models.</p> 1591 </div> 1592 <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/datasets/">Show more</a> 1593 </div> 1594 </div> 1595</div> 1596 </div> 1597 <div class="row"> 1598 <div class="col-12"> 1599 </div> 1600 </div> 1601 </div> 1602 </section> 1603 <section class="question-section basic-background-1"> 1604 <div class="container"> 1605 <div class="row header-of-section"> 1606 <div class="col-12"> 1607 <h2>Was this page helpful?</h2> 1608 </div> 1609 </div> 1610 <div class="row"> 1611 <div class="col-12"> 1612 <div class="btn-wrap"> 1613 <button class="primary-background button button-positive"><span class="button-content" tabindex="-1">Yes</span></button> 1614 <button class="basic-background-1 button button-negative"><span class="button-content" tabindex="-1">No</span></button> 1615 </div> 1616 </div> 1617 <div class="col-12 quest-form-wrp"> 1618 <button class="button no-btn btn-quest d-none"><span class="button-content answer-close icon-close" tabindex="-1"></span><span class="screen-reader">Close Button</span></button> 1619 1620 <div class='gf_browser_chrome gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='legacy' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_1' ><div id='gf_1' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'></div><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' target='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_1' class="answer-positive primary-background-b" action="/#" novalidate> 1621 <div class='gform-body gform_body'><ul id='gform_fields_1' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><li id="field_1_1" class="gfield gfield--type-html gfield--input-type-html gfield_html gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" ><div class="triagle"></div> 1622<p>How can we make this section better?*</p></li><li id="field_1_2" class="gfield gfield--type-textarea gfield--in
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1668 1669 </div> 1670 </div> 1671 </div> 1672 </section> 1673 </main> 1674 1675<footer > 1676 <div class="cookies-wrap sky-background-e cookies-no-display"> 1677 <div class="container"> 1678 <div class="row"> 1679 <div class="col-lg-2"> 1680 <h2>Cookies policy</h2> 1681 </div> 1682 <div class="col-lg-10"> 1683 <p>This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We’ll assume you’re okay with this, but you can opt out if you wish. <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/cookies-policy/">More information</a>.</p> 1684 <div class="btn-wrap"> 1685 <button class="primary-background button cookies-accept"><span class="button-content" tabindex="-1">Accept</span></button> 1686 <button class="button cookies-reminder"><span class="button-content" tabindex="-1">Remind me later</span></button> 1687 </div> 1688 </div> 1689 </div> 1690 </div> 1691 </div> 1692 <div class="footer-top basic-background-6"> 1693 <div class="container"> 1694 <div class="row"> 1695 <div class="col-12"> 1696 <img src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/UKRINERCLogo_2026.svg" class="lazy-blur" alt="UKRINERCLogo_2026" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/UKRINERCLogo_2026.svg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </div> 1697 </div> 1698 </div> 1699 </div> 1700 <div class="footer" > 1701 <div class="footer-layer"> 1702 <div class="container"> 1703 <div class="row"> 1704 <div class="col-lg-6"> 1705 <h5>Useful links</h5> 1706 <nav class="links"> 1707 <ul id="menu-useful-links" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3584" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3584"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/">About BGS</a></li> 1708<li id="menu-item-3585" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-3585"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/">News and events</a></li> 1709<li id="menu-item-3586" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3586"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> 1710<li id="menu-item-29883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29883"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/press-office/">Press office</a></li> 1711<li id="menu-item-75770" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-75770"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/legal-and-policy/accessibility/">Accessibility</a></li> 1712<li id="menu-item-85643" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-85643"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/working-with-us/job-vacancies/">Job vacancies</a></li> 1713</ul> </nav> 1714 </div> 1715 <div class="col-lg-2 col-sm-4"> 1716 <h5>Policies & legal</h5> 1717 <nav class="links"> 1718 <ul id="menu-policies-legal" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3591" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3591"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/legal-and-policy/privacy/">Privacy policy</a></li> 1719<li id="menu-item-6107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6107"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/legal-and-policy/cookies-policy/">Cookies policy</a></li> 1720<li id="menu-item-34508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34508"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/legal-and-policy/terms-of-use/">Terms of use</a></li> 1721<li id="menu-item-34490" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34490"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/freedom-of-information-act/">Freedom of information (FOI)</a></li> 1722<li id="menu-item-34491" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34491"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/bgs-intellectual-property-rights/">Intellectual property rights</a></li> 1723</ul> </nav> 1724 </div> 1725 <div class="col-lg-4 col-sm-8"> 1726 <h5>Join the BGS Newsletter</h5><p>Keep up to date with all the latest research, products and events news. </p><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/UKBGS/signup/32555" target="_blank" class="button secondary-background button-round m-0">Register</a> </div>
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1832 1833
1833<script type="text/javascript"> 1834 var config = { 1835 apiKey: '9ad437f1123fcc71efef21cf62db62b092169446', 1836 product: 'PRO', 1837 logConsent: false, 1838 notifyOnce: true, 1839 initialState: 'OPEN', 1840 position: 'LEFT', 1841 theme: 'DARK', 1842 layout: 'SLIDEOUT', 1843 toggleType: 'slider', 1844 acceptBehaviour: 'all', 1845 closeOnGlobalChange: true, 1846 iabCMP: false, 1847 closeStyle: 'icon', 1848 consentCookieExpiry: 90, 1849 subDomains: true, 1850 secureCookie: false, 1851 mode: 'gdpr', 1852 rejectButton: true, 1853 settingsStyle: 'button', 1854 encodeCookie: false, 1855 setInnerHTML: true, 1856 wrapInnerHTML: false, 1857 accessibility: { 1858 accessKey: 'C', 1859 highlightFocus: false, 1860 outline: true, 1861 overlay: true, 1862 disableSiteScrolling: false, 1863 }, 1864 text: { 1865 title: 'This site uses cookies', 1866 intro: 'Some of these cookies are essential, while others help us to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used.', 1867 necessaryTitle: 'Necessary Cookies', 1868 necessaryDescription: 'Necessary cookies enable core functionality. The website cannot function properly without these cookies, and can only be disabled by changing your browser preferences.', 1869 thirdPartyTitle: 'Warning: Some cookies require your attention', 1870 thirdPartyDescription: 'Consent for the following cookies could not be automatically revoked. Please follow the link(s) below to opt out manually.', 1871 on: 'On', 1872 off: 'Off', 1873 accept: 'Accept', 1874 settings: 'Cookie Preferences', 1875 acceptRecommended: 'Accept Recommended Settings', 1876 acceptSettings: 'Accept All Cookies', 1877 notifyTitle: 'Your choice regarding cookies on this site', 1878 notifyDescription: 'We use cookies to optimise site functionality and give you the best possible experience.', 1879 closeLabel: 'Close', 1880 cornerButton: 'Set cookie preferences.', 1881 landmark: 'Cookie preferences.', 1882 showVendors: 'Show vendors within this category', 1883 thirdPartyCookies: 'This vendor may set third party cookies.', 1884 readMore: 'Read more', 1885 accessibilityAlert: 'This site uses cookies to store information. Press accesskey C to learn more about your options.', 1886 rejectSettings: 'Reject All Cookies', 1887 reject: 'Reject', 1888 }, 1889 1890 branding: { 1891 fontColor: '#fff', 1892 fontFamily: 'Arial,sans-serif', 1893 fontSizeTitle: '1.2em', 1894 fontSizeHeaders: '1.1em', 1895 fontSize: '1em', 1896 backgroundColor: '#e3e9f2', 1897 toggleText: '#fff', 1898 toggleColor: '#ffffff',
1899 toggleBackground: '#002e40', 1900 alertText: '#fff', 1901 alertBackground: '#111125', 1902 acceptText: '#ffffff', 1903 acceptBackground: '#111125', 1904 rejectText: '#ffffff', 1905 rejectBackground: '#111125', 1906 closeText: '#111125', 1907 closeBackground: '#FFF', 1908 notifyFontColor: '#FFF', 1909 notifyBackgroundColor: '#313147', 1910 buttonIcon: null, 1911 buttonIconWidth: '64px', 1912 buttonIconHeight: '64px', 1913 removeIcon: false, 1914 removeAbout: false }, 1915 1916 1917 1918
1919 necessaryCookies: ['wordpress_*','wordpress_logged_in_*','wp_consent_*','JSESSIONID','QUES0','QUES1','QUES2','QUES3','QUES4','QUESHID','BBC-UID','s1','PREF','NID','SNID'], 1920 1921 optionalCookies: [ 1922 { 1923 name: 'cookies_that_measure_website_use', 1924 label: 'Cookies that measure website use', 1925 description: 'We use Google Analytics to measure how you use the website so we can improve it based on user needs. Google Analytics sets cookies that store anonymised information about how you got to the site, the pages you visit, how long you spend on each page and what you click on while you\'re visiting the site.', 1926 cookies: ['_ga', '_gid', '_gat', '__utma', '__utmb', '__utmc', '__utmz'], 1927 onAccept: function() { 1928 gtag('consent', 'update', {'ad_storage': 'granted','analytics_storage': 'granted', 'functionality_storage': 'granted', 'security_storage': 'granted', 'ad_personalization': 'granted','ad_user_data': 'granted', 'personalization_storage': 'granted'}); }, 1929 onRevoke: function() { 1930 gtag('consent', 'update', {'ad_storage': 'denied','analytics_storage': 'denied', 'functionality_storage': 'denied', 'security_storage': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied','ad_user_data': 'denied', 'personalization_storage': 'denied'}); }, 1931 recommendedState: 'off', 1932 lawfulBasis: 'consent', 1933 1934 1935 }, 1936 ], 1937 statement: { 1938 description: 'For more detailed information please check our', 1939 name: 'cookie policy (opens in a new tab)', 1940 url: 'https://www.bgs.ac.uk/legal-and-policy/cookies-policy/', 1941 updated: '11/02/2022' 1942 }, 1943 sameSiteCookie: true, 1944 sameSiteValue: 'Strict', 1945 notifyDismissButton: true 1946 }; 1947 CookieControl.load(config); 1948 </script>
1948 1949 1950 1951</body> 1952 1953</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.